Distinct Response Inhibition Patterns in Obsessive Compulsive Disorder Patients and Pathological Gamblers

Background: Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) and pathological gambling (PG) are common disorders. The cognitive models of OCD and PG focus on abnormalities in response inhibition. Although, these functions have been studied in different PG and OCD samples, no study has compared the response inhibition in both.Methods: Medication-naïve OCD (n = 61) and PG subjects (n = 109) and healthy controls (n = 131) performed CPT and Go/NoGo tasks.Results: Compared to healthy controls (HC), PG and OCD groups underperformed on speed and exhibited larger time variability on the CPT and Go/NoGo task. Only in OCD patients, a positive correlation between omission errors and response time (RT) was observed in the CPT. At the Go/NoGo task, a negative correlation between false alarms and RT (a fast-errors trade-off) was significant only in the PG group. The HC group had greater sensitivity values (d') than the OCD and PG groups in the Go/NoGo task. The PG group displayed lower d' values and more conservative response criterion in the CPT. In addition, only the OCD group expressed a high switching cost compared to both the PG and HC groups in terms of the RT and d' values.Conclusions: Both the PG and OCD groups demonstrated impaired response inhibition compared to the HC group. On several measures, the OCD and PG groups showed comparable impairments, and in others these were distinct. Thus, it appears that distinct neurocognitive patterns are involved in performance of the CPT and the Go/NoGo tasks among OCD and PG subjects whose cognitive status is currently under intensive investigation

Activated growth signaling pathway expression in Ewing sarcoma and clinical outcome

7 páginas, 4 figuras, 1 tabla.-- et al.[Background]: In Ewing sarcoma (EWS) most of the research on signaling pathways has been performed on cell lines or animal models. The objective of the current study was to determine the relation between clinical outcome and the expression of proteins involved in active growth signaling pathways. [Methods]: A paraffin-embedded microarray of 45 human primary EWS tissue specimens was stained with the antibodies against c-KIT, AKT, p-AKT, p-mTOR, IGF-1R, IGFBP-3, MAPK, p27 KIP1, and p70S6 kinase. Immunohistochemical staining was correlated with patient overall survival (OS). [Results]: In the univariate analysis 3 variables showed statistical significance to predict survival: presence of metastasis, p-mTOR, and p27 KIP1. A positive stain for p-mTOR (hazard ratio of 4.74 [95% CI (57, 121)]) was significantly (log-rank test with a P=0.029) associated with better OS. Also, a positive stain for p27 KIP1 (hazard ratio of 6.87 [95% CI (77, 136)] was significantly (log-rank test with a P=0.009) associated with better OS. Multivariate analysis showed metastasis (HR: 4.3; 95% CI: 0.99, 19; P=0.05), p-mTOR (HR: 4.8 with 95% CI: 0.6, 38; P=0.13) and p27 (HR: 5.3; 95% CI: 1.37, 20; P=0.01) as independent prognostic factors of outcome. [Conclusions]: In our series, p-mTOR and p27 KIP1 protein overexpression were independently associated with better survival. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.Grant sponsor: Ministry of Science and Innovation of Spain-FEDER; Grant numbers: PI081828, RD06/0020/0059. The Developmental Tumor Biology Laboratory, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, was supported by the generous donations from Margarita del Pozo and Alicia Pueyo Foundations. Centro de Investigación del Cáncer-IBMCC was supported by the Ministry of Science and Innovation of Spain-FEDER (PI081828, RD06/ 0020/0059).Peer Reviewe