Book Review

Larry D. Rosen, Nancy A. Cheever and L. Mark Carrier (Eds.) The Wiley Handbook of Psychology, Technology, and Society John Wiley & Sons Ltd., Chichester, UK, 2015, 1st ed., 592 pp. Hardback ISBN: 978-1-118-77202-

A problémás videojáték-használat újabb elméleti és gyakorlati megközelítései

Napjainkban a videojátékokkal való időtöltés az egyik legnépszerűbb szabadidős tevékenység a fiatalok körében. Ennek elterjedésével párhuzamosan nőtt a tudományos érdeklődés a játékok káros hatásai, illetve azok problémás használata iránt, mely jelenség a köznyelvben csak “játékfüggőségként” ismert. A kutatások rámutattak arra, hogy a játékosok kis része jelentős pszichológiai ártalmaktól szenved számos életterületen (például családi, társas, munkahelyi/tanulmányi). Tanulmányunk célja áttekintést nyújtani a problémás játékhasználat újabb elméleti megközelítéseiről, diagnosztikai kritériumairól és méréséről. A definíciót és a kritériumokat övező tudományos viták mellett bemutatjuk a kezelési eljárásokat és programokat, valamint felvázoljuk a jövőbeli kutatási irányzatok lehetőségeit is.&#x0D; &#x0D; ---&#x0D; &#x0D; Problematic video gaming: Novel approaches in theory and practice&#x0D; &#x0D; These days spending time playing video games is one of the most popular leisure-time activities among young people. With the growth of interest in video games research has begun to focus on the negative effects of usage in addition to problematic use, which is commonly known as "game addiction". Research has pointed out that a small number of gamers suffer from severe functional and psychological harm in several aspects of their lives (for instance, family, social, work/study). The aim of our study is to provide an overview of the novel theoretical approaches, diagnostic criteria and assessment of problematic gaming. Besides describing the scientific debates concerning the definition and criteria, we present the treatment methods and programs, and draw a picture of the possibilities for future directions in research.&#x0D; &#x0D; Keywords: problematic gaming, gaming disorder, addiction, Internet Gaming Disorder (IGD), interactive media</jats:p

Effects of Enzyme Treatment on the Microfiltration of Elderberry

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of microfiltration (MF) on the antioxidant capacity of elderberry juice using ceramic membrane. Previous to MF measurements preliminary examination was achieved with different enzymes. Four different samples were prepared: one without any enzyme and three with different pectolytic enzymes. The resistances were determined using the resistance-in-series model and difference between four enzyme-treated samples are evaluated. The effect of this technology on the antioxidant component of the clarified elderberry juice has been evaluated in permeate and retentate samples. For ferric reducing antioxidant power was measured with FRAP and total phenolic content (TPC) was determined with Folin Ciocalteau reagent. The total anthocyanin content (TAC) was estimated using spectrophotometric method.&nbsp;Higher juice yield was obtained using enzyme compared with enzyme-free elderberry pulp. The analytical results show that the MF membrane retained the valuable components in different rate. Significant losses are believed to have occurred after the MF clarification process due to fouling layer resistance, what can be decreased with pectolytic enzymes treatment

Preliminary study of optimal extraction of biologically active compounds from sea buckthorn (Hippophae Rhamnoides L.) pomace

The processing of fruits results in high amounts of waste materials such as peels and seeds which is a critical subject in every industry. The aim of this study is to explore the best combination of drying and extraction method, to achieve the highest antioxidant content in sea buckthorn pomace (SBP), which appears as a by-product when making use of the berries. In the frame of our research the optimal drying conditions were previously tested, relying on the results vacuum drying was executed at 40 and 60 °C furthermore SBP was dried also by atmospheric dryer at 60 and 80°C. Drying curve was also determined. When extracting the antioxidant compounds, 20 and 40 % ethanol and acetone were used as solvents, applied in 1:30 proportion. Amount of total polyphenol content and antioxidant capacity (FRAP) were determined by spectrophotometry methods. Besides regarding amount of valuable components economical aspects must be considered for choosing the optimal drying technology. In case of vacuum drying duration was two times longer than in case of atmospheric technologies. The results show that the highest antioxidant capacity (4958.45 mg AAE/100g dm) was registered using 40% acetone extracted from the pomace, dried at 80°C. Further examination could reveal whether the extracted antioxidant content of the SBP, a by-product of fruit processing technologies, could be used natural food additives as bio-preservatives after appropriate clarification processes

Problematic social media use: results from a large-scale nationally representative adolescent sample

Despite social media use being one of the most popular activities among adolescents, prevalence estimates among teenage samples of social media (problematic) use are lacking in the field. The present study surveyed a nationally representative Hungarian sample comprising 5,961 adolescents as part of the European School Survey Project on Alcohol and Other Drugs (ESPAD). Using the Bergen Social Media Addiction Scale (BSMAS) and based on latent profile analysis, 4.5% of the adolescents belonged to the at-risk group, and reported low self-esteem, high level of depression symptoms, and elevated social media use. Results also demonstrated that BSMAS has appropriate psychometric properties. It is concluded that adolescents at-risk of problematic social media use should be targeted by school-based prevention and intervention programs

The mediating effect of motivations between psychiatric distress and gaming disorder among esport gamers and recreational gamers

Research examining the relationship between gaming disorder, gaming motivations, and mental health is increasing, but the types of gaming use, such as recreational gaming and esports are not commonly distinguished. The present study compared recreational gamers and esport gamers (N = 4284) on a number of variables including game time, gaming motivations, severity of gaming disorder, and psychiatric symptoms. Additionally, the mediating effect of gaming motivations among esport and recreational gamers between psychiatric distress and problematic gaming was examined. Results showed that esport gamers spent significantly more time playing video games both on weekdays and weekend days than recreational gamers. Moreover, esport gamers had higher scores on social, competition, and skill development gaming motivations than recreational gamers. The mediation model demonstrated a significant positive direct and significant mediated effect via escapism (i.e., gaming excessively to avoid real life problems) between the higher levels of psychiatric distress and gaming disorder. However, esport and recreational gamers showed no significant differences in the model. The escapism motive appeared to be the common predictor of problematic gaming among both esport and recreational gamers. Future studies should focus on exploring escapism's mechanism in different subgroups of gamers in relation to problematic gaming to help the development of prevention, intervention, and treatment programs

Candidate new rotavirus species in Schreiber's bats, Serbia

The genus Rotavirus comprises eight species designated A to H and one tentative species, Rotavirus I. In a virus metagenomic analysis of Schreiber's bats sampled in Serbia in 2014 we obtained sequences likely representing novel rotavirus species.Whole genome sequencing and phylogenetic analysis classified the representative strain into a tentative tenth rotavirus species,we provisionally called Rotavirus J. The novel virus shared amaximumof 50% amino acid sequence identity within the VP6 gene to currently known members of the genus. This study extends our understanding of the genetic diversity of rotaviruses in bats

Molecular survey of RNA viruses in hungarian bats: Discovering novel astroviruses, coronaviruses, and caliciviruses

Background: Bat-borne viruses pose a potential risk to human health and are the focus of increasing scientific interest. To start gaining information about bat-transmitted viruses in Hungary, we tested multiple bat species for several virus groups between 2012 and 2013. Materials and Methods: Fecal samples were collected from bats across Hungary. We performed group-specific RT-PCR screening for astro-, calici-, corona-, lyssa-, othoreo-, paramyxo-, and rotaviruses. Positive samples were selected and sequenced for further phylogenetic analyses. Results: A total of 447 fecal samples, representing 24 European bat species were tested. Novel strains of astroviruses, coronaviruses, and caliciviruses were detected and analyzed phylogenetically. Out of the 447 tested samples, 40 (9%) bats were positive for at least one virus. Bat-transmitted astroviruses (BtAstV) were detected in eight species with a 6.93% detection rate (95% confidence interval [CI] 4.854, 9.571). Coronaviruses (BtCoV) were detected in seven bat species with a detection rate of 1.79% (95% CI 0.849, 3.348), whereas novel caliciviruses (BtCalV) were detected in three bat species with a detection rate of 0.67% (95% CI 0.189, 1.780). Phylogenetic analyses revealed a great diversity among astrovirus strains, whereas the Hungarian BtCoV strains clustered together with both alpha- and betacoronavirus strains from other European countries. One of the most intriguing findings of our investigation is the discovery of novel BtCalVs in Europe. The Hungarian BtCalV did not cluster with any of the calcivirus genera identified in the family so far. Conclusions: We have successfully confirmed BtCoVs in numerous bat species. Furthermore, we have described new bat species harboring BtAstVs in Europe and found new species of CalVs. Further long-term investigations involving more species are needed in the Central European region for a better understanding on the host specificity, seasonality, phylogenetic relationships, and the possible zoonotic potential of these newly described viruses

Serologic survey of orthopoxvirus infection among rodents in Hungary

201