Comments on Caddo Settlement Pattern and Culture Identity

This discussion will be based primarily upon Schambach\u27s work and observations on Caddo habitation settlements in the Great Bend area of Southwestern Arkansas. Schambach believes that the basic Caddo settlement pattern is that of a dispersed hamlet configuration clustered around a specific civic-ceremonial center. This settlement configuration is based upon archaeological work in the Great Bend area which conforms to a stylized but highly accurate map drawn from an inhabited historic Caddo village compound presumably near the Hatchel Mound site (41BW3) on the west bank of the Red River in Texas

Machine strength grading of boards of resinous pines cultivated in the northeast of Argentina

En este artículo se presentan y discuten los resultados de una investigación orientada al análisis de modelos mecánicos para clasificar por resistencia tablas de pino resinoso cultivado en el nordeste de Argentina. El programa experimental se llevó a cabo según los lineamientos de las normas europeas EN sobre una muestra de 233 tablas de tamaño estructural ensayadas a flexión y sobre otra conteniendo 100 tablas ensayadas en tracción paralela a las fibras. Se diseñaron dos modelos, uno empleando el módulo de elasticidad global como parámetro simple y otro basado en un parámetro combinado que incluyó al módulo de elasticidad junto a la densidad y la nudosidad. Los resultados mostraron una mayor eficiencia en los modelos desarrollados que en el método visual adoptado por la norma IRAM. Esa mayor eficiencia se puso de manifiesto en i) el alcance de los valores característicos adoptados para las propiedades principales en la normativa vigente; ii) un aumento del rendimiento en los grados estructurales y, iii) una disminución de la dispersión en los valores del módulo de elasticidad dentro de cada clase resistente, lo cual permite estar en línea con la variabilidad adoptada por las reglas de diseño estructural del país.The present paper reports the results of an investigation regarding the analysis of models for machine strength grading boards of resinous pine cultivated in the northeast of Argentina. An empirical research project with one sample containing 233 boards in structural sizes subjected to static bending and one sample enclosing 100 boards subjected to tension was carried out according to the European standards. One model based on a single parameter (modulus of elasticity) and another one based on a combined parameter (modulus of elasticity + density + knot ratio) were designed. Results showed that the efficiency of both models was higher than that of the visual method adopted by the standard IRAM. The high efficiency of both models was made evident by: i) the achievement of the characteristic values adopted by standards for the main properties; ii) an increase of the yield in the structural grades and, iii) a decrease of the spread results for modulus of elasticity within each strength class, which makes it possible to satisfy the variability requirements adopted by the national design rules.Fil: Fank, Pamela Yohana. Universidad Tecnológica Nacional. Facultad Regional Concepción del Uruguay. Departamento de Ingeniería Civil; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Stefani, Pablo Marcelo. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mar del Plata. Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencia y Tecnología de Materiales. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata. Facultad de Ingeniería. Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencia y Tecnología de Materiales; ArgentinaFil: Piter, Juan Carlos Jesús. Universidad Tecnológica Nacional. Facultad Regional Concepción del Uruguay. Departamento de Ingeniería Civil; Argentin

Laboratório de tradução da UNILA

Este texto objetiva apresentar as atividades desenvolvidas no primeiro semestre de 2018 pelas estudantes que fazem parte da fase de iniciação do Projeto de Extensão “Laboratório de tradução da UNILA”, da Universidade Federal da Integração Latinoamericana. O projeto tem como objetivo auxiliar docentes, funcionários e estudantes nas demandas tradutórias existentes no âmbito universitário/comunitário, por meio da formação, reflexão e inserção dos estudantes na prática tradutória, considerando o caráter de bilinguismo português/espanhol e as multiculturalidades presentes na universidade e na região. Contribui-se, assim, com a formação discente não só no âmbito teórico/prático, mas também em seu papel social como membro de uma comunidade

Uneven spatial development at the end of the world: Production of space and urban inequalities in Ushuaia and Río Grande

This thesis addresses the process of uneven spatial development (USD), resulting from territorial expansion of capitalist economic activities (Smith, 2020). As long as new territories are incorporated into the accumulation process, simultaneous dynamics of equalization (of productive forms) and differentiation (of spatial forms) are generated in them. As a result, specific patterns of spatial inequality emerge, acquiring particular characteristics in the different scales and geographies (Smith, 2012; Brenner, 2009). Considering a Latin American approach, urban inequalities remain particular interest, given the fact cities concentrate most of the resources and the population. The State is crucial in defining the precise patterns that USD acquires through its economic and urban-territorial policies. This research frames the study problem in the context of national territory of Tierra del Fuego (TDF), Antarctica, and the South Atlantic Islands, constituted as a province of Argentine Republic in 1991. Due to geopolitical issues related to its strategic location in the South Atlantic Ocean, the Argentine government promoted specific policies in order to encourage its population. To accomplish this purpose, this territory was defined a Special Economic Zone (SEZ) in 1972, and tax advantages were given to any productive activity. This resulted in the establishment of industries, dedicated to consumer electronics-specific sectors, which demanded a significant number of new labor. The industries settled in the only two existing urban centers on the Isla Grande of TDF at that time, Ushuaia and Río Grande. Consequently, these cities grew rapidly and continuously as a result of significant internal migratory dynamics. However, economic impulse was not accompanied by urban planning regulations and housing accessibility policies. As a result of urban sprawl under scarce state management, and the lack of available housing, informal production of the city began to grow. Informality is a characteristic modality of Latin American urbanization, in which the inhabitants generate their own living conditions, outside formal channels. Informal settlements expanded, within worse habitability conditions than the formal city (Clichevsky, 2000, Cravino, 2006). Numerous problematic issues can be mentioned, related to their irregular land tenure situation and their location in undeveloped areas. Among them, the following stand out: lack of access to essential services, localization in environmentally hazardous places, and more precarious housing. Moreover, symbolic distinctions and social stigmatization processes in addition to the mentioned physical problems. Over the last fifty years, USD patterns within and between Ushuaia and Río Grande have been directly affected by linkages each city established with industry, by rising real estate speculation, and by new forms of space valorization related to international tourism. The emergence of new land and housing commercialization dynamics since 2003, as well as the role of urban housing policy, increased informality. Given to the impact caused by productive extra-urban dynamics (industry and tourism), as well as the ones caused by internal dynamics of mercantilization and decommoditization (including state and informal urban-housing production), inequalities consolidated in the cities, particularly between the formal and informal areas. The State played a central role in defining the spatial patterns of inequality. On one hand, through the promotion of economic dynamics. On the other hand, through its direct urban actions in the cities: as a planner, as a producer of housing solutions, as a regulator/facilitator of the urban mercantilization process and through policies that addressed (or not) informality (Reese, 2006, Fernández Wagner, 2009). Therefore, the research object focused on the causes and patterns urban inequality acquires in Tierra del Fuego cities under particular USD dynamics, from a multi-scale perspective. The general objective is to analyze the USD dynamics that have intervened in the production of cities and of urban inequalities in Tierra del Fuego, since its definition as a Special Economic Zone in 1972, until 2020. The particular objectives are: 1) to identify the territorial structuring, conditioning factors and occupation patterns of the fuegian urban space, prior to 1972; 2) to analyze the productive and sociodemographic dynamics fomented at the extra-urban level that influenced the transformation of the fuegian productive-territorial structure (1972- 2019; 3) to analyze the intra-urban dynamics of expansion, mercantilization and demercantilization of Ushuaia and Río Grande (1972- 2019); and 4) to identify the patterns of urban inequality in Ushuaia and Río Grande (2020). In summary, the major differences between formal and informal cities in Ushuaia and Río Grande, respond to a specific form of USD, which exhibited typical characteristics of Latin American urbanization processes. Nevertheless, peculiarities of the considered cases might stand out, related to a double condition; even though being in a remote and periphery geography, they are simultaneously situated in a region of important geopolitical value. According to the argument, production of urban space in TDF is influenced by fragmented local and federal policies. This led to an economic and special decoupling at various scales with unequal, combined, and conflicting territorial and social effects. A comparative historical research using spatial analysis is proposed as a methodology, along with qualitative and quantitative approaches

Individual variations in serum melatonin levels through time: Implications for epidemiologic studies

Melatonin, a marker for the circadian rhythm with serum levels peaking between 2AM and 5AM, is hypothesized to possess anti-cancer properties, making it a mechanistic candidate for the probable carcinogenic effect of circadian rhythm disruption. In order to weigh epidemiologic evidence on the association of melatonin with cancer, we must first understand the laboratory and biological sources of variability in melatonin levels measured in samples. Participants for this methodological study were men enrolled in the Prostate Lung Colorectal and Ovarian Cancer Screening Trial (PLCO). We measured serum melatonin levels over a five year period in 97 individuals to test if melatonin levels are steady over time. The Pearson correlation coefficient between two measures separated by 1 year was 0.87, while the correlation between two measures separated by 5 years was to 0.70. In an additional cross-sectional study of 292 individuals, we used Analysis of Variance to identify differences in melatonin levels between different lifestyle and environmental characteristics. Serum melatonin levels were slightly higher in samples collected from 130 individuals during the winter, (6.36±0.59 pg/ml) than in samples collected from 119 individuals during the summer (4.83±0.62 pg/ml). Serum melatonin levels were lowest in current smokers (3.02±1.25 pg/ml, p = 0.007) compared to never (6.66±0.66 pg/ml) and former (5.59±0.50 pg/ml) smokers whereas BMI did not significantly affect serum melatonin levels in this study. In conclusion, the high 5 year correlation of melatonin levels implies that single measurements may be used to detect population level associations between melatonin and risk of cancer. Furthermore, our results reiterate the need to record season of sample collection, and individual characteristics in order to maximize study power and prevent confounding

Augustana Seniors Fall 1884: Frtiz Jacobson

Fritz was a senior at Augustana College, Rock Island, Illinois, in the Fall of 1884. His name appears in the college catalog of 1884 – 1885, along with his birthplace, the year of his birth, and a few other facts. From this start, we researched the genealogy and family history of Fritz Jacobsen. This paper contains a short biography of Fritz Jacobsen, a report on his ancestors, a report on his descendants, and some open questions for further research

O ARTISTA PLÁSTICO ALEMÃO JULIUS SCHMISCHKE (1890-1945) ENTRE O BRASIL E A ALEMANHA: ARTE, POLÍTICA E ESCRITA EPISTOLAR

Esta nota tem por intenção apresentar a pesquisa de Iniciação Científica desenvolvida entre os anos de 2013 e 2014, em que buscamos analisar as relações entre arte, política e nacional-socialismo existentes no processo de reinserção do artista plástico Julius Schmischke, que, após viver no Brasil por 14 anos, retornou à Alemanha. Após seu retorno, em 1937-38, iniciou uma troca de correspondência, fonte desta pesquisa, com Karl Götz, o diretor do DAI - Deutsches Ausland-Institut -, cooptado pelo governo nazista. Procuramos analisar a própria troca de correspondências como constituidora de um espaço afetivo entre remetente e destinatário. A pesquisa tem também por objetivo compreender as marcas da experiência migratória do artista, que viveu em Porto Alegre entre os anos de 1923 e 1937 e, ainda, analisar de que maneira sua atuação no meio artístico e no Partido Nacional-Socialista Alemão – NSDAP –, durante sua estadia no Brasil, refletiu no seu processo de reinserção na Alemanha após seu retorno

Vulnerabilidade urbana em assentamentos informais de Ushuaia. Uma abordagem analítica-comparativa da vista de diferentes atores

There are multiple disadvantages associated with urban informality that negatively affect inhabitants living conditions, leading to numerous vulnerability situations. This research aims to define urban vulnerability degree and composition in informal settlements of Ushuaia, Argentina, from a comparative and multi-actor approach. For this, an index is applied to incorporate existing problems comprehensiveness, weighted according to three groups of actors: neighborhood referents, local government and the specialized academy. Results show that urban vulnerability level is higher in new settlements than in the rest of the city, and that its composition varies according to the case and the perspective of the different actors. The analysis presented constitutes a basic input for adequate and comprehensive public policies formulation to deal with urban informality, allowing to establish prioritization criteria establishment in future territorial approaches.Existen múltiples desventajas asociadas a la informalidad urbana que inciden negativamente en las condiciones de vida de los habitantes y generan distintas situaciones de vulnerabilidad. El presente trabajo propone definir el grado y la composición de la vulnerabilidad urbana en asentamientos informales de la ciudad de Ushuaia, Argentina, desde un enfoque comparativo y multi-actoral. Para ello se aplica un índice que incorpora la integralidad de las problemáticas existentes, ponderadas según tres grupos de actores: referentes barriales, gobierno local y la academia especializada. Los resultados muestran que el nivel de vulnerabilidad urbana es mayor en asentamientos nuevos que en el resto de la ciudad, y que su composición varía según el caso y la mirada de los distintos actores. El análisis presentado constituye un insumo básico para la formulación de políticas públicas adecuadas e integrales para la atención de la informalidad urbana, y permite establecer criterios de priorización en futuros abordajes territoriales.Existem várias desvantagens associadas à informalidade urbana que incidem negativamente nas condições de vida dos habitantes, gerando distintas situações de vulnerabilidade. O presente trabalho propõe definir o grau e a composição da vulnerabilidade urbana em assentamentos informais na cidade de Ushuaia, Argentina, a partir de uma abordagem comparativa e multi-atoral. Para isso é aplicado um índice que incorpora a integralidade dos problemas existentes, ponderados de acordo com três grupos de atores: referentes de bairro, governo local e academia especializada. Os resultados mostram que o nível de vulnerabilidade urbana é maior nos novos assentamentos do que no restante da cidade e que sua composição varia de acordo com o caso e a perspectiva dos diferentes atores. A análise apresentada constitui um insumo básico para a formulação de políticas públicas adequadas e abrangentes de atenção à informalidade urbana, e permite estabelecer critérios de priorização em futuras abordagens territoriais

Paraguayan (in) formal settlements: response to restrictions on access to urban housing

La presente investigación busca comprender la producción informal de ciudades de Tierra del Fuego a partir del inicio de la promoción industrial en 1972 (Ley N° 19.640). Tras la aplicación del régimen fiscal planteado por el Estado Nacional como estrategia para el desarrollo del territorio más austral de Argentina, se produjeron grandes migraciones hacia la región. Comenzó un acelerado proceso de expansión de los núcleos poblacionales, que bajo escasas condiciones de planificación urbana, se transformaron en un lapso de 40 años en ciudades intermedias de gran complejidad urbano-ambiental. El desmedido crecimiento generó dificultades a los gobiernos locales para la gestión urbana, y provocó la puja de intereses entre distintos actores que buscaron acceder al suelo urbano.Se aplica un diseño metodológico mixto, basado en la triangulación de estrategias cualitativas y cuantitativas según la instancia de aproximación, complementadas transversalmente con el análisis espacial como principal fuente primaria de información.Frente a un impacto homogéneo de las políticas aplicadas, se produjeron en las ciudades similares condiciones iniciales de expansión urbana, verificándose gran crecimiento de la informalidad en el acceso al hábitat. Las condiciones geográficas, las características de propiedad de la tierra, la relación con la industria, así como las capacidades de planificación urbana de cada ciudad, fueron factores claves para definir un mayor crecimiento informal en Ushuaia que en Río Grande. Se busca generar información sobre el estado de la problemática y sus causas históricas, que sirva de base para la formulación de políticas urbanas y habitacionales adecuadas a la región.This research seeks to understand informal production of cities in Tierra del Fuego since the industrial promotion beginning in 1972 (Law No. 19.640). After the application of a fiscal regime proposed by the National State as a strategy for the southernmost-territory of Argentina development, large migrations occurred to the region. This resulted in the beginning of an accelerated process of urban centers expansion, whithin a framework of poor urban planning, abandoned their former character of small towns and resulted in a lapse of 40 years in intermediate cities, showing great complexity in urban-environmental terms. This situation brought difficulties to local and regional governments for urban management, and generated the bidding of interests among different actors that sought to urban land access.Fil: Fank, Lucía. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba. Instituto de Humanidades. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Instituto de Humanidades; Argentin

Esgotamento, esvaziamento e preenchimento: a historia de uma criação

Este romance, construído como um livro de artista, conta a história de um personagem que, em dadas condições de vício e doença, sofra um acidente caseiro. Na queda, ele sofre uma lesão no hipocampo e, por sorte, não tem nenhuma sequela de linguagem. Pelo contrário, a linguagem é a salvação para a memória abruptamente interrompida. Evaristo apaga o ano anterior ao acidente e passa a sofrer de perda de memória recente. Os acontecimentos anteriores estão intactos e são resgatados com lucidez. Os acontecimentos posteriores fixam-se por não mais que meia hora na memória. Alguns meses de perguntas depois, a única saída é o registro tecnológico e analógico de cada passo. É o despertador. É o celular. É a agenda. Evaristo resolve incrementar o registro, que agora é projeto de livro. O problema é todos os dias começar a mesma história novamente. As memórias esparsas e completamente fragmentadas traçam a poética de um ser-humano angustiadamente sincero acerca de gafes, desencontros e silêncios, por medo da repetição. São as narrativas tecnológicas e as ferramentas digitais que o situam para que ele saiba em que meio ele efetivamente vive. O não reconhecimento do tempo, do espaço e dos sujeitos poderia confundi-lo com um paciente de Alzheimer, mas é somente o tempo que não pode ser mais esculpido. Os espaços permanecem, os sujeitos se sobrepõem e, com o tempo, todas as histórias vividas passam a ser documentadas – só por garantia. As costuras da narrativa e das memórias são visíveis, mas elementos de subversão e desconstrução gráfica e visual elevam a experimentação a uma confusão identitária do filho, do pai, das memórias, do autor. É o extratexto que dá suporte à reflexão que perpassa memória, ficção, realidade e identidade. O livro é composto de duas partes. A primeira, acima citada, é de caráter ficcional (ou se pretende como tal); a segunda, de caráter acadêmico e ensaístico, se pretende como memória de criação, reflexão metalinguística e registro do processo criativo, simultâneo e orgânico. É nessa parte, dividida em três partes: Esgotamento, Esvaziamento e Preenchimento, que se propõe uma visita à seis propostas de Ítalo Calvino de 1985. Para além das conhecidas leveza, rapidez, exatidão, multiplicidade, visibilidade e consistência, a ideia é tecer uma expansão dessas palavras para os conceitos de estranhamento, infixidez, espaçamento, ressonância, hibridismo, simultaneidade, fragmentação, provisoriedade, distanciamento e plasticidade e entender como eles sustentam a performance do texto contemporâneo na página. Na segunda parte do ensaio, um inventário que mescla o assunto memória a partir da perspectiva teórica e como conteúdo matéria-prima do texto ficcional. Na terceira parte, o diário sobre o estatuto da criação. Na quarta parte, a ficção em si: A história da cebola. As partes ficcional e ensaística são distintas e serão encaradas de maneira complementar e independente quanto à linguagem gráfica que pretende ressignificar o próprio livro como suporte híbrido.This novel, shaped as an artist's book, tells the story of a character that, given the addiction and disease circumstances, suffers a home accident. The fall causes him to injure his hippocampus, but, luckly, he does not acquire any language aftereffect. On the contrary, language is the salvation to the abruptly interrupted memory. Evaristo erases the year before the accident and starts suffering from short-term memory loss. Everything that happened before that date is intact and can be retrieved with clarity. The upcoming events are kept in mind for no longer than a half-hour. Some months of questionnaire later, the only way out is the technological and analogical record of each step taken. It is the alarm clock. It is the cellphone. It is the agenda. Evaristo decides to expand this record, which is now a project for a book. The problem is to start, every day, the same story over again. The sparsed and completely fragmented memories trace the poetry of a human being miserably honest about blunders, divergence, and silence, fearing repetition. It is the technological narratives and the digital tools that locate him so that he understands in what midst he truly lives. The nonrecognition of time, space, and subjects could mistake him for an Alzheimer's patient, but it is only time that can no longer be shaped. The spaces endure, the subjects overlap, and, in time, all stories lived start being documented - just in case. The seams of the novel and of the memories are visible, but elements of subversion and of visual and graphic deconstruction elevate the trial to an identity confusion of son, father, memories and author. It is the extratext that supports the reflection that goes through memory, fiction, reality, and identity. The book is composed of two parts. The first one, mentioned above, is fictional in tone (or intended to); the second one, academic and essay-like in tone, intends to be seen as memory of creation, metalinguistic reflection, and record of the creative process, simultaneous and organic. It is this part, divided into three: Depletion, Emptiness, and Fulfillment, that suggests a visit to the six proposals of Italo Calvino, 1985. More than the previously known lightness, quickness, exactitude, multiplicity, visibility, and consistency, the idea is to forge an expasion of these words to the concepts of strangeness, unfixture, spacing, resonance, hybridity, simultaneity, fragmentation, temporariness, detachment, and plasticity, and understand how they sustain the performance of the contemporary text on page. In the second part of the essay, an inventory that blends the subject of memory from the theoretical perspective and as building material of the fictional text. In the third part, the diary about the statute of creation. The fourth part is the fiction itself, The story of cebola. Both parts are distinct and are faced in a complementary and independent manner regarding graphic language that intends to give a new meaning to the very book as a hybrid support