722 research outputs found

    Phase-selective growth of κ\kappa- vs β\beta-Ga2_2O3_3 and (Inx_xGa1x_{1-x})2_2O3_3 by In-mediated metal exchange catalysis in plasma-assisted molecular beam epitaxy

    Full text link
    Its piezo- and potentially ferroelectric properties make the metastable kappa polymorph of Ga2_2O3_3 an interesting material for multiple applications, while In-incorporation into any polymorphs of Ga2_2O3_3 allows to lower their bandgap. In this work, we provide a guideline to achieve single phase κ\kappa-, β\beta-Ga2_2O3_3 as well as their (Inx_xGa1x_{1-x})2_2O3_3 alloys up to x = 0.14 and x = 0.17 respectively, using In-mediated metal exchange catalysis in plasma assisted molecular beam epitaxy (MEXCAT-MBE). The polymorph transition from κ\kappa to β\beta is also addressed, highlighting the fundamental role played by the thermal stability of the κ\kappa-Ga2_2O3_3. Additionally, we also demonstrate the possibility to grow (2ˉ\bar{2}01) β\beta-Ga2_2O3_3 on top of α\alpha-Al2_2O3_3 (0001) at temperatures at least 100 {\deg}C above those achievable with conventional non-catalyzed MBE, opening the road for increased crystal quality in heteroepitaxy. The role of the substrate, as well as strain and structural defects in the growth of κ\kappa-Ga2_2O3_3 is also investigated by growing simultaneously on three different materials: (i) α\alpha-Al2_2O3_3 (0001), (ii) 20 nm of (2ˉ\bar{2}01) β\beta-Ga2_2O3_3 on α\alpha-Al2_2O3_3 (0001) and (iii) (2ˉ\bar{2}01) β\beta-Ga2_2O3_3 single crystal.Comment: Main text: 7 pages, 4 figures; Supplementary: 6 pages, 9 figure

    Inverse Vulcanization of Norbornenylsilanes: Soluble Polymers with Controllable Molecular Properties via Siloxane Bonds

    Get PDF
    The inverse vulcanization produces high sulfur content polymers from alkenes and elemental sulfur. Control over properties such as the molar mass or the solubility of polymers is not well established, and existing strategies lack predictability or require large variations of the composition. Systematic design principles are sought to allow for a targeted design of materials. Herein, we report on the inverse vulcanization of norbornenylsilanes (NBS), with a different number of hydrolysable groups at the silicon atom. Inverse vulcanization of mixtures of NBS followed by polycondensation yielded soluble high sulfur content copolymers (50 wt % S) with controllable weight average molar mass (MW_{W}), polydispersity (Đ), glass transition temperature (TG), or zero-shear viscosity (η0_{0}). Polycondensation was conducted in the melt with HCl as a catalyst, abolishing the need for a solvent. Purification by precipitation afforded polymers with a greatly reduced amount of low molar mass species

    A Fast and Reliable Method for Simultaneous Waveform, Amplitude and Latency Estimation of Single-Trial EEG/MEG Data

    Get PDF
    The amplitude and latency of single-trial EEG/MEG signals may provide valuable information concerning human brain functioning. In this article we propose a new method to reliably estimate single-trial amplitude and latency of EEG/MEG signals. The advantages of the method are fourfold. First, no a-priori specified template function is required. Second, the method allows for multiple signals that may vary independently in amplitude and/or latency. Third, the method is less sensitive to noise as it models data with a parsimonious set of basis functions. Finally, the method is very fast since it is based on an iterative linear least squares algorithm. A simulation study shows that the method yields reliable estimates under different levels of latency variation and signal-to-noise ratioÕs. Furthermore, it shows that the existence of multiple signals can be correctly determined. An application to empirical data from a choice reaction time study indicates that the method describes these data accurately

    Structure and function of the metagenomic plastic-degrading polyester hydrolase PHL7 bound to its product

    Get PDF
    The recently discovered metagenomic-derived polyester hydrolase PHL7 is able to efficiently degrade amorphous polyethylene terephthalate (PET) in post-consumer plastic waste. We present the cocrystal structure of this hydrolase with its hydrolysis product terephthalic acid and elucidate the influence of 17 single mutations on the PET-hydrolytic activity and thermal stability of PHL7. The substrate-binding mode of terephthalic acid is similar to that of the thermophilic polyester hydrolase LCC and deviates from the mesophilic IsPETase. The subsite I modifications L93F and Q95Y, derived from LCC, increased the thermal stability, while exchange of H185S, derived from IsPETase, reduced the stability of PHL7. The subsite II residue H130 is suggested to represent an adaptation for high thermal stability, whereas L210 emerged as the main contributor to the observed high PET-hydrolytic activity. Variant L210T showed significantly higher activity, achieving a degradation rate of 20 µm h−1 with amorphous PET films

    Altered Error Processing following Vascular Thalamic Damage: Evidence from an Antisaccade Task

    Get PDF
    Event-related potentials (ERP) research has identified a negative deflection within about 100 to 150 ms after an erroneous response – the error-related negativity (ERN) - as a correlate of awareness-independent error processing. The short latency suggests an internal error monitoring system acting rapidly based on central information such as an efference copy signal. Studies on monkeys and humans have identified the thalamus as an important relay station for efference copy signals of ongoing saccades. The present study investigated error processing on an antisaccade task with ERPs in six patients with focal vascular damage to the thalamus and 28 control subjects. ERN amplitudes were significantly reduced in the patients, with the strongest ERN attenuation being observed in two patients with right mediodorsal and ventrolateral and bilateral ventrolateral damage, respectively. Although the number of errors was significantly higher in the thalamic lesion patients, the degree of ERN attenuation did not correlate with the error rate in the patients. The present data underline the role of the thalamus for the online monitoring of saccadic eye movements, albeit not providing unequivocal evidence in favour of an exclusive role of a particular thalamic site being involved in performance monitoring. By relaying saccade-related efference copy signals, the thalamus appears to enable fast error processing. Furthermore early error processing based on internal information may contribute to error awareness which was reduced in the patients

    2νββ2\nu\beta\beta decay of 76^{76}Ge into excited states with GERDA Phase I

    Full text link
    Two neutrino double beta decay of 76^{76}Ge to excited states of 76^{76}Se has been studied using data from Phase I of the GERDA experiment. An array composed of up to 14 germanium detectors including detectors that have been isotopically enriched in 76^{76}Ge was deployed in liquid argon. The analysis of various possible transitions to excited final states is based on coincidence events between pairs of detectors where a de-excitation γ\gamma ray is detected in one detector and the two electrons in the other. No signal has been observed and an event counting profile likelihood analysis has been used to determine Frequentist 90\,\% C.L. bounds for three transitions: 0g.s.+21+{0^+_{\rm g.s.}-2^+_1}: T1/22ν>T^{2\nu}_{1/2}>1.61023\cdot10^{23} yr, 0g.s.+01+{0^+_{\rm g.s.}-0^+_1}: T1/22ν>T^{2\nu}_{1/2}>3.71023\cdot10^{23} yr and 0g.s.+22+{0^+_{\rm g.s.}-2^+_2}: T1/22ν>T^{2\nu}_{1/2}>2.31023\cdot10^{23} yr. These bounds are more than two orders of magnitude larger than those reported previously. Bayesian 90\,\% credibility bounds were extracted and used to exclude several models for the 0g.s.+01+{0^+_{\rm g.s.}-0^+_1} transition

    Results on ββ\beta\beta decay with emission of two neutrinos or Majorons in 76^{76}Ge from GERDA Phase I

    Get PDF
    A search for neutrinoless ββ\beta\beta decay processes accompanied with Majoron emission has been performed using data collected during Phase I of the GERmanium Detector Array (GERDA) experiment at the Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso of INFN (Italy). Processes with spectral indices n = 1, 2, 3, 7 were searched for. No signals were found and lower limits of the order of 1023^{23} yr on their half-lives were derived, yielding substantially improved results compared to previous experiments with 76^{76}Ge. A new result for the half-life of the neutrino-accompanied ββ\beta\beta decay of 76^{76}Ge with significantly reduced uncertainties is also given, resulting in T1/22ν=(1.926±0.095)1021T^{2\nu}_{1/2} = (1.926 \pm 0.095)\cdot10^{21} yr.Comment: 3 Figure
    corecore