Ideals and Practices of Giving in Islam

For Barbara RoggemaA partir du film Le Graine et le mulet, dans une famille de Tunisie, il est question dans la pratique du don islamique, inhérent à la foi du Coran (i.e. les offrandes à Dieu sont destinées aux pauvres). Tout d’abord, l’auteure évoque sadakah, le don spontané qui date des temps pré-Islamiques, comment il a été influencé plus tard par l’emphase sur la discrétion du Coran, comment il a trouvé son expression dans les fêtes religieuses et comment il a été englobé dans les aumônes et dans les prêts. Ensuite l’auteure aborde le mot zakat , l’obligation de faire un don perçu comme une taxe religieuse. Enfin l’auteure parle de la recherche actuelle sur le sujet de zakat, surtout depuis qu’il est sorti de la sphère publique vers la sphère privée, sa mobilisation vers des projets politiques et son interaction entre l’engagement humanitaire et les « objectifs subversifs politiques » et elle termine avec l’espoir que les chercheurs conduiront des études équilibrées libres de condamnation ou de glorification

PENGARUH HARGA DAN KUALITAS PELAYANAN TERHADAP KEPUASAN PELANGGAN SERTA DAMPAKNYA PADA LOYALITAS PELANGGAN GOJEK (Studi Pada Mahasiswa Kampus A Universitas Negeri Jakarta)

The purpose of this research are: 1) Knowing the influence of price to customer loyalty of bread product of Gojek brand in Kampus A UNJ. 2) To know the influence of service quality on customer loyalty of bread product of Gojek brand in Kampus A UNJ. The analysis done in this research is descriptive and explanatory analysis. The research was conducted with 200 customers of Gojek bread brand, while data collection technique was done by distributing questionnaires, which then processed using SPSS 21. The result of analysis showed that: 1) Price has a positive influence on consumer brand loyalty. bread products of Gojek brand. 2) Service quality has a positive influence on brand Loyalty of Gojek brand bakery products. All three variables have a positive relationship indicating the improvement of one other variable to be better too

Cosa signica ospitare? Forme di ospitalità mediterranea

La dimensione simbolica dell'ospitalità si basa sul concetto di "dono". Partendo da questa tesi, l'articolo analizza come diverse culture mediterranee abbiano sviluppato la loro concezione dell'ospitalità riferendosi a una particolare categoria di soggetti: i viaggiatori. Più specificamente, questo studio si concentra sulla concezione islamica dell'ospitalità. Secondo l'Islam, l'ospitalità si fonda su uno scambio di doni bilaterale: tra Dio e gli esseri umani (scambio di doni verticale) e tra gli esseri umani stessi (scambio di doni orizzontale). Alla luce di questi presupposti, è possibile sottolineare che Islam, Ebraismo e Cristianesimo condividono un'idea comune di ospitalità; questo comune ethos dell’ospitalità può costituire una nuova prospettiva per le politiche di immigrazione e un nuovo percorso assiologico per una pacifica convivenza culturale.The symbolic dimension of hospitality is based on the concept of “gift”. Starting from this thesis, the paper analyses how different Mediterranean cultures developed their conception of hospitality referring to a particular category of subjects: the travellers. More specifically, this study focusses on the Islamic conception of hospitality. According to Islam, hospitality is grounded in a bilateral gift exchange: between God and mankind (vertical gift exchange) and among human beings (horizontal gift exchange). In the light of these assumptions, it is possible to underline that Islam, Judaism and Christianism share a common idea of hospitality; this common ethos of hospitality can constitute a new perspective for the immigration policies and a new axiological path for a pacific cultural cohabitation

Individuo e diritto nella "Neue Deduction des Naturrechts" di Schelling. Libertà e regola tra identità e relazione.

Analisi e ricostruzione della Neue Deduction des Naturrechts di Schelling, in particolare per il profilo che lega la libertà, il riconoscimento ed il diritt

Cooperative signaling between alpha(6)beta(4) integrin and ErbB-2 receptor is required to promote phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase-dependent invasion

We previously demonstrated that beta(4) integrin subunit overexpression increases in vitro invasiveness of NIH3T3 cells that have been transformed by ErbB-2 oncogene. We used this model to identify domains within the large beta(4) cytoplasmic domain that are involved in the interaction of alpha(6)beta(4) with ErbB-2, invasion, and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) activation. For this purpose, we expressed deletion mutants of beta(4) that lacked either all or portions of the beta(4) cytoplasmic domain in NIH3T3/ErbB-2 cells. We also used an ecto-domain mutant in which most of the extracellular domain of beta(4) was replaced with a c-Myc tag. These transfectants were examined for their ability to invade Matrigel and their ability to activate PI3K, as well as for the ability of alpha(6)beta(4) to co-immunoprecipitate with ErbB-2. The results obtained revealed that a region of the beta(4) cytoplasmic domain between amino acids 854 and 1183 is critical for the ability of alpha(6)beta(4) integrin to increase invasion. Interestingly, the extracellular domain of beta(4) is not necessary for alpha(6)beta(4) to stimulate invasion. The association of alpha(6)beta(4) with ErbB-2 is dependent upon the beta(4) cytoplasmic domain and can occur in the absence of alpha(6)beta(4) heterodimerization. Finally, we observed strong activation of PI3K with beta(4) wild type and with those beta(4) deletion mutants that were able to stimulate invasion upon the expression in NIH3T3/ErbB-2 cells. In conclusion, our results establish that there is cooperation between alpha(6)beta(4) and ErbB-2 in promoting PI3K-dependent invasion and implicate a specific region of the beta(4) cytoplasmic domain (amino acids 854-1183) in this event

Incidence, Risk Factors and Outcome of Pre-engraftment Gram-Negative Bacteremia after Allogeneic and Autologous Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation: An Italian Prospective Multicenter Survey

Abstract BACKGROUND: Gram-negative bacteremia (GNB) is a major cause of illness and death after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT), and updated epidemiological investigation is advisable. METHODS: We prospectively evaluated the epidemiology of pre-engraftment GNB in 1118 allogeneic HSCTs (allo-HSCTs) and 1625 autologous HSCTs (auto-HSCTs) among 54 transplant centers during 2014 (SIGNB-GITMO-AMCLI study). Using logistic regression methods. we identified risk factors for GNB and evaluated the impact of GNB on the 4-month overall-survival after transplant. RESULTS: The cumulative incidence of pre-engraftment GNB was 17.3% in allo-HSCT and 9% in auto-HSCT. Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa were the most common isolates. By multivariate analysis, variables associated with GNB were a diagnosis of acute leukemia, a transplant from a HLA-mismatched donor and from cord blood, older age, and duration of severe neutropenia in allo-HSCT, and a diagnosis of lymphoma, older age, and no antibacterial prophylaxis in auto-HSCT. A pretransplant infection by a resistant pathogen was significantly associated with an increased risk of posttransplant infection by the same microorganism in allo-HSCT. Colonization by resistant gram-negative bacteria was significantly associated with an increased rate of infection by the same pathogen in both transplant procedures. GNB was independently associated with increased mortality at 4 months both in allo-HSCT (hazard ratio, 2.13; 95% confidence interval, 1.45-3.13; P <.001) and auto-HSCT (2.43; 1.22-4.84; P = .01). CONCLUSIONS: Pre-engraftment GNB is an independent factor associated with increased mortality rate at 4 months after auto-HSCT and allo-HSCT. Previous infectious history and colonization monitoring represent major indicators of GNB. CLINICAL TRIALS REGISTRATION: NCT02088840