THE INTERDEPENDENCE OF RESILIENCE AND NATIONAL SANITATION, FACING COVID – 19

ABSTRACTEven though it is a respiratory disease, many factors arise to accelerate the spread and part of the guidelines to protect yourself are directly linked to basic sanitation. These include: washing your hands frequently up to your wrists with soap and water; sanitize objects and keep environments clean; special care with solid waste; proper hygiene of homemade masks. Therefore, this communication proposal aims to discuss the relationship between resilience and sanitation in the context of Brazil, compared to Covid-19 based on data made available by the national health system and in the literature. The methodology consisted of collecting articles that related to Covid-19 with sanitation using the digital platform “Web of Science” and “Scopus” and relate the data provided by the Unified Health System (SUS) and the National Sanitation Information System (SNIS).Keywords: Resilience; Sanitation; Covid-19; Universalization. RESUMOMesmo sendo uma doença respiratória, muitos fatores surgem para acelerar a propagação e parte das orientações para se proteger estão diretamente ligadas ao saneamento básico. Essas incluem: lavar as mãos com frequência até a altura dos punhos com água e sabão; higienizar objetos e manter os ambientes limpos; cuidados especiais com os resíduos sólidos; higienização adequada das máscaras caseiras. Portanto, essa proposta de comunicação tem como objetivo discutir a relação entre resiliência e o saneamento no contexto do Brasil, face à Covid-19 com base nos dados disponibilizados pelo sistema nacional de saúde e na literatura. A metodologia consistiu em levantar artigos que relacionassem á Covid-19 com saneamento utilizando a plataforma digital “Web of Science” e “Scopus” e relacionar os dados disponibilizados pelo Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS) e pelo Sistema Nacional de Informação do Saneamento (SNIS).Palavras-chave: Resiliência; Saneamento; Covid-19; Universalização.

Análise SWOT das políticas públicas para a universalização do saneamento em comunidades vulneráveis e a desigualdade de gênero, no município de Piracicaba/SP

Os serviços de saneamento devem ser articulados com as políticas públicas de desenvolvimento urbano e regional, de proteção ambiental, de promoção da saúde e outras de relevante interesse social, voltadas para a melhoria da qualidade de vida, para as quais o saneamento seja fator determinante. O planejamento traz transparência às decisões tomadas, sendo que tal processo se constitui em um instrumento de negociação entre as partes interessadas. Tendo em vista a importância dos instrumentos de planejamento para gerar as políticas públicas, o objetivo desta investigação é o de analisar como as políticas públicas de promoção e universalização do saneamento no município de Piracicaba-SP abrangem e se relacionam com as comunidades vulneráveis e as questões de gênero utilizando a matriz SWOT

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear un derstanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5–7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8–11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world’s most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepre sented in biodiversity databases.13–15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may elim inate pieces of the Amazon’s biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological com munities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple or ganism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region’s vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most ne glected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lostinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear understanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5,6,7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8,9,10,11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world's most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepresented in biodiversity databases.13,14,15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may eliminate pieces of the Amazon's biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological communities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple organism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region's vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most neglected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lost

Caracterização bioquímica e cinética de lipoxigenases de folhas de soja submetidas à remoção dos primórdios florais Biochemical and kinetic characterization of lipoxygenases from soybean leaves submitted to the removal of floral primordial

O uso da soja [Glycine max (L.) Merrill] na alimentação humana tem encontrado dificuldades devido ao seu sabor característico (beany flavor), que é derivado da ação das lipoxigenases (EC 1.13.11.12). Ao contrário das lipoxigenases de sementes de soja, que têm sido extensivamente estudadas, a diversidade e características das lipoxigenases de folhas não estão totalmente elucidadas. Sabe-se que além de sua atividade catalítica, as lipoxigenases de folhas estão envolvidas no armazenamento temporário de nitrogênio e na resposta da planta ao estresse. Com o objetivo de investigar o efeito da remoção dos primórdios florais na atividade das lipoxigenases de folhas de soja, foram utilizados dois genótipos de soja: IAC-100, uma variedade com presença de lipoxigenases na semente e IAC-100 TN, uma linhagem com ausência completa de lipoxigenases na semente. Por meio de dados da cinética enzimática, foram constatados dois picos mais acentuados de atividade em pH 5,0 e 6,5, com temperatura ótima de 25ºC. Para ambos os genótipos, as atividades foram maiores nos tratamentos que nos respectivos controles. Os valores de KM app aos 16 dias, nas plantas-controle, foram semelhantes para os dois genótipos, sugerindo não haver influência da manipulação genética das lipoxigenases na semente em relação à expressão dos genes que codificam as lipoxigenases de folhas. No entanto, os valores de KM app foram diferentes entre a fase vegetativa e a reprodutiva, em ambos genótipos, indicando pools distintos de isoenzimas lipoxigenases entre as duas fases.The use of soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merrill] as human food has been encountered difficulties due to beany flavor. The beany flavour is originated from lipoxygenases (EC 1.13.11.12). Soybean seed lipoxygenases have been extensively studied, however, the diversity and characteristics of lipoxygenases present in leaves are still being studied. Besides its catalytic activity, lipoxygenases from soybean leaves have been implicated in temporary nitrogen storage and response to stress. The primary objective of this research was to investigate the effect of floral primordial elimination (sink deprivation) on soybean leaves lipoxygenases activity. Two different genotypes differing in the presence (IAC-100) or absence (IAC-100 TN) of LOX in their seeds were used. The enzymatic kinetics analysis showed two pronounced peaks of activity at pH 5 and 6.5, with optimal temperature of 25ºC. The KM app values were similar for both genotypes suggesting that there was not effect of genetic manipulation of seeds lipoxygenases on genes expression that code for leave lipoxygenases. However, the KM app values were different between the vegetative and reproductive development stage, suggesting that there are differents pool of lipoxygenases between the two stages

Função bioquímica da via daslipoxigenases em plantas de soja submetidas ao ataque de mosca-branca (Bemisia argentifolii)

Neste trabalho, avaliou-se a capacidade da planta de soja de uma cultivar comercial, IAC-100, e de um genótipo IAC- 100 TN que apresenta ausência de lipoxigenases nas sementes de responderem ao ataque de mosca-branca (Bemisia argentifolii) pela via das Lipoxigenases. Foi realizada a caracterização cinética do pool de lipoxigenases. Os valores de KMapp decresceram nas plantas atacadas, sugerindo uma alteração no pool de lipoxigenases foliares. Valores similares de KMapp, entre os genótipos, indicam que a remoção de lipoxigenases de sementes não interferiram na expressão de lipoxigenases em folhas. Ocorreu aumento significativo na produção de inibidores de proteases. Com esses resultados, infere-se que a produção de inibidores de proteases está envolvida no mecanismo de defesa de soja ao ataque da mosca-branca.This work evaluated the capacity of the soybean plant, from a commercial cultivar IAC-100 and from a genotype IAC-100 TN, with absence of lipoxygenases in their seeds, to respond to the attack by whitefly (sucking insect) by lipoxygenases pathway. The kinetic characterization of the pool of lipoxygenases was determined. The KMapp values decreased, suggesting a change in the pool of lipoxygenases in response to the attack by whitefly. The similar KMapp values suggest that the removal of the lipoxygenases from the seeds does not change the expression of LOX in the leaves. There was a noticeable increase in protease inhibitors. These results suggest that the production of protease inhibitors are involved in the defense mechanism of soybean plant against whitefly injury