La innovación curricular como estrategia de mejoras en las carreras educativas

This article was derived from a research project and its objective is to systematize the results of the diagnosis in the curricular improvement as part of the evaluation of the teaching-learning content of the redesigns in the Psychopedagogy and Initial Education careers of the Universidad Laica Vicente Rocafuerte of Guayaquil. The problem was related to the need to refine the designs of the careers, which starts from the revision of the curricular design approved in 2016 by the Council of Higher Education where critical-reflective scenarios were raised that justified the need for curricular innovation. Work tables were organized that promoted a hermeneutical exercise, to obtain support information in the curricular update and production of knowledge about the elaborated design. The approach considered was mixed, with a non-experimental descriptive design. A survey was applied to teachers and students on situations observed in the curricular design and an interview to the graduates who were part of the analyzed fabric and includes the exploration of resources to diagnose the practice and lay the foundations of the new curricular design. From this, different perspectives of future curricular planning were determined, to respond to the sustainability of the quality of Higher Education in educational careers. The changes analyzed and proposed for the academic organization of the curriculum based on the diagnosis made, will favor the contextualization of knowledge and the articulation of substantive processes in order to optimize the profile of the future professional through innovation.El presente artículo se derivó de un proyecto de investigación y tiene como objetivo sistematizar los resultados del diagnóstico en la mejora curricular como parte de la evaluación de contenidos de enseñanza-aprendizaje de los rediseños en las carreras de Psicopedagogía y Educación Inicial de la Universidad Laica Vicente Rocafuerte de Guayaquil. El problema estuvo relacionado con la necesidad de afinar los diseños de las carreras, el cual parte de la revisión del diseño curricular aprobado en 2016 por el Consejo de Educación Superior donde se plantearon escenarios críticos- reflexivos que justificaron la necesidad de la innovación curricular. Se organizaron mesas de trabajo que promovieron un ejercicio hermenéutico, para obtener información de apoyo en la actualización curricular y producción de conocimientos sobre el diseño elaborado. El enfoque considerado fue mixto, con un diseño descriptivo no experimental. Se aplicó una encuesta a docentes y estudiantes sobre situaciones observadas en el diseño curricular y una entrevista a los egresados que formaron parte del tejido analizado e incluye la exploración de recursos para diagnosticar la práctica y sentar las bases del nuevo diseño curricular. A partir de esto, se determinaron diferentes perspectivas de planificación curricular futura, para responder a la sostenibilidad de la calidad de la Educación Superior en las carreras educativas. Los cambios analizados y propuestos para la organización académica del currículo a partir del diagnóstico realizado, favorecerá la contextualización del conocimiento y la articulación de procesos sustantivos con el fin de optimizar desde la innovación el perfil del futuro profesional

Estudio comparativo de diseños de carreras de Educación. Utilidad para la evaluación curricular

El artículo parte del supuesto teórico, acerca de la utilidad que tiene para la evaluación curricular enlascarrerasde educación, en el estudio comparativo de diseños de carreras. En este caso,el estudio se centró en las carreras de Psicopedagogía y Educación Inicial de diferentes universidades a nivel nacional e internacional. Para el efecto,se estructuró una estrategia de búsqueda de información en documentos curriculares sobre criterios como:semestre en que se inicia la formación pedagógica específica de la carrera, semestre que inicia la práctica profesional, organización de los contenidos, forma en que se concibe la investigación formativa,entre otros. Se utilizóla técnica derevisióndocumental y como métodos del nivel teórico, el análisis, la síntesis, la comparación y generalización, que permitieron realizar el estudio comparativo y llegar a conclusiones. El enfoque fue cualitativo y documental. Se empleó la revisión virtual de lasmallas curriculares y planes de estudio publicados por las universidades. Los resultados revelaron la necesidad del estudio comparativo con otras mallas como preámbulo a la evaluación curricular y la necesidad de continuar con los procesos de indagaciónpara asegurar la calidad de estos procesos

Atitudes dos profissionais de enfermagem frente à morte dos pacientes

Introduction: The dying process has historically shifted from family and home settings to healthcare professionals and hospital settings. Caring involves attitudes, knowledge and skills that should be acquired and honed through nursing training. Objective: To explore nursing staff attitudes who work in critical hospital departments when faced with the process of dying patients. Materials and Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted using a non-probability convenience sampling, from which a final sample of 71 professional nurses who work in critical departments of higher-level specialty hospitals in Tabasco, Mexico was obtained. The CAM-2 Attitudes Towards Death instrument originally developed by Martin & Salovely was translated and applied. Results: The average age of nursing professionals participating in this study were 32.5 years (SD=7), of which 71.8% were women. 67.6% of nurses had an attitude of indifference to death and only 9.9% had a positive attitude. From an attitude of fear perspective, 46.5% of the nurses expressed that thinking about death causes them anxiety, while 39.4% considered the death of patients as something natural. Conclusions: Nursing staff feel indifferent to patient care when facing death. However, nurses believe that accepting their own death leads them to care more freely. How to cite this article: Morales Ramón Fabiola, Ramírez López Fabiola, Cruz León Aralucy, Arriaga Zamora Rosa Ma, Vicente Ruíz María Asunción, De la Cruz García Carmen, García Hernández Nallely. Actitudes del personal de enfermería ante la muerte de sus pacientes. Revista Cuidarte. 2021; 12(1): e1081. http://dx.doi.org/10.15649/cuidarte.1081    Introducción: El proceso de morir se ha desplazado a lo largo de la historia desde la familia y el hogar hasta los profesionales de salud y los hospitales. Cuidar demanda actitudes, conocimientos y destrezas que se deben adquirir y perfeccionarse durante la formación disciplinar. Objetivo: Explorar las actitudes que muestra el personal de enfermería que labora en áreas hospitalarias críticas ante el proceso de la muerte de pacientes. Materiales y métodos: Estudio descriptivo de corte transversal, bajo un muestreo no probabilístico por conveniencia se obtuvo una muestra final de 71 enfermeras profesionales que laboran en áreas críticas de dos hospitales de alta especialidad en Tabasco, México. El instrumento utilizado fue “Actitudes ante la muerte” (CAM-2), traducido del original de Martin y Salovely. Resultados: Los profesionales de enfermería que participaron en el estudio tienen una edad promedio de 32.5 años (DE=7), donde el 71.8% de los participantes pertenecen al sexo femenino. El 67.6% del personal de enfermería muestra una actitud de indiferencia ante la muerte, solo un 9.9% muestra una actitud positiva. Con relación a la perspectiva de actitud de temor el 46.5% manifiesta que pensar en la muerte les genera ansiedad, mientras que el 39.4% ve la muerte de los pacientes como algo natural. Conclusiones: El personal de enfermería posee sentimientos de indiferencia ante el cuidado del paciente ante la muerte, sin embargo, consideran que aceptar su propia muerte los lleva a cuidar con más libertad. Como citar este artículo: Morales Ramón Fabiola, Ramírez López Fabiola, Cruz León Aralucy, Arriaga Zamora Rosa Ma, Vicente Ruíz María Asunción, De la Cruz García Carmen, García Hernández Nallely. Actitudes del personal de enfermería ante la muerte de sus pacientes. Revista Cuidarte. 2021; 12(1): e1081. http://dx.doi.org/10.15649/cuidarte.1081            Introdução: O processo de morte passou ao longo da história da família e do lar para profissionais de saúde e hospitais. O cuidado exige atitudes, conhecimentos e habilidades que devem ser adquiridos e aperfeiçoados através do treinamento de enfermagem. Objetivo: Explorar as atitudes dos profissionais de enfermagem que trabalham em áreas hospitalares críticas frente ao processo de morte de pacientes. Materiais e Métodos: Estudo descritivo transversal com base em uma amostragem não-probabilística por conveniência, foi obtida uma amostra final de 71 enfermeiros profissionais que trabalham em áreas críticas de hospitais especializados em alta complexidade em Tabasco, México. O instrumento CAM-2 Atitudes frente à morte originalmente desenvolvido pela Martin & Salovely foi traduzido e aplicado. Resultados: A idade média dos profissionais de enfermagem que participaram deste estudo foi de 32,5 anos (SD=7), onde 71,8% dos participantes eram do sexo feminino. 67,6% dos enfermeiros mostraram uma atitude de indiferença em relação à morte e apenas 9,9% mostraram uma atitude positiva. Em relação à perspectiva de uma atitude de medo, 46,5% dos enfermeiros expressaram que pensar na morte gera ansiedade, enquanto 39,4% consideraram a morte dos pacientes como algo natural. Conclusões: Os profissionais de enfermagem se sentem indiferentes em relação aos cuidados do paciente frente à morte. No entanto, eles sentem que aceitar sua própria morte os leva a cuidar mais livremente. Como citar este artigo: Morales Ramón Fabiola, Ramírez López Fabiola, Cruz León Aralucy, Arriaga Zamora Rosa Ma, Vicente Ruíz María Asunción, De la Cruz García Carmen, García Hernández Nallely. Actitudes del personal de enfermería ante la muerte de sus pacientes. Revista Cuidarte. 2021; 12(1): e1081. http://dx.doi.org/10.15649/cuidarte.1081    &nbsp

Exploration of Free Energy Surface and Thermal Effects on Relative Population and Infrared Spectrum of the Be6B11− Fluxional Cluster

The starting point to understanding cluster properties is the putative global minimum and all the nearby local energy minima; however, locating them is computationally expensive and difficult. The relative populations and spectroscopic properties that are a function of temperature can be approximately computed by employing statistical thermodynamics. Here, we investigate entropy-driven isomers distribution on Be6B11− clusters and the effect of temperature on their infrared spectroscopy and relative populations. We identify the vibration modes possessed by the cluster that significantly contribute to the zero-point energy. A couple of steps are considered for computing the temperature-dependent relative population: First, using a genetic algorithm coupled to density functional theory, we performed an extensive and systematic exploration of the potential/free energy surface of Be6B11− clusters to locate the putative global minimum and elucidate the low-energy structures. Second, the relative populations’ temperature effects are determined by considering the thermodynamic properties and Boltzmann factors. The temperature-dependent relative populations show that the entropies and temperature are essential for determining the global minimum. We compute the temperature-dependent total infrared spectra employing the Boltzmann factor weighted sums of each isomer’s infrared spectrum and find that at finite temperature, the total infrared spectrum is composed of an admixture of infrared spectra that corresponds to the lowest energy structure and its isomers located at high energies. The methodology and results describe the thermal effects in the relative population and the infrared spectra

Occupational Toluene Exposure Induces Cytochrome P450 2E1 mRNA Expression in Peripheral Lymphocytes

Print workers are exposed to organic solvents, of which the systemic toxicant toluene is a main component. Toluene induces expression of cytochrome P450 2E1 (CYP2E1), an enzyme involved in its own metabolism and that of other protoxicants, including some procarcinogens. Therefore, we investigated the association between toluene exposure and the CYP2E1 response, as assessed by mRNA content in peripheral lymphocytes or the 6-hydroxychlorzoxazone (6OH-CHZ)/chlorzoxazone (CHZ) quotient (known as CHZ metabolic ratio) in plasma, and the role of genotype (5′-flanking region RsaI/PstI polymorphic sites) in 97 male print workers. The geometric mean (GM) of toluene concentration in the air was 52.80 ppm (10–760 ppm); 54% of the study participants were exposed to toluene concentrations that exceeded the maximum permissible exposure level (MPEL). The GM of urinary hippuric acid at the end of a work shift (0.041 g/g creatinine) was elevated relative to that before the shift (0.027 g/g creatinine; p < 0.05). The GM of the CHZ metabolic ratio was 0.33 (0–9.3), with 40% of the subjects having ratios below the GM. However, the average CYP2E1 mRNA level in peripheral lymphocytes was 1.07 (0.30–3.08), and CYP2E1 mRNA levels within subjects correlated with the toluene exposure ratio (environmental toluene concentration:urinary hippuric acid concentration) (p = 0.014). Genotype did not alter the association between the toluene exposure ratio and mRNA content. In summary, with further validation, CYP2E1 mRNA content in peripheral lymphocytes could be a sensitive and noninvasive biomarker for the continuous monitoring of toluene effects in exposed persons

Towards sustainable partnerships in global health: the case of the CRONICAS Centre of Excellence in Chronic Diseases in Peru.

Human capital requires opportunities to develop and capacity to overcome challenges, together with an enabling environment that fosters critical and disruptive innovation. Exploring such features is necessary to establish the foundation of solid long-term partnerships. In this paper we describe the experience of the CRONICAS Centre of Excellence in Chronic Diseases, based at Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia in Lima, Peru, as a case study for fostering meaningful and sustainable partnerships for international collaborative research. The CRONICAS Centre of Excellence in Chronic Diseases was established in 2009 with the following Mission: "We support the development of young researchers and collaboration with national and international institutions. Our motivation is to improve population's health through high quality research." The Centre's identity is embedded in its core values - generosity, innovation, integrity, and quality- and its trajectory is a result of various interactions between multiple individuals, collaborators, teams, and institutions, which together with the challenges confronted, enables us to make an objective assessment of the partnership we would like to pursue, nurture and support. We do not intend to provide a single example of a successful partnership, but in contrast, to highlight what can be translated into opportunities to be faced by research groups based in low- and middle-income countries, and how these encounters can provide a strong platform for fruitful and sustainable partnerships. In defiant contexts, partnerships require to be nurtured and sustained. Acknowledging that all partnerships are not and should not be the same, we also need to learn from the evolution of such relationships, its key successes, hurdles and failures to contribute to the promotion of a culture of global solidarity where mutual goals, mutual gains, as well as mutual responsibilities are the norm. In so doing, we will all contribute to instil a new culture where expectations, roles and interactions among individuals and their teams are horizontal, the true nature of partnerships

Clonal chromosomal mosaicism and loss of chromosome Y in elderly men increase vulnerability for SARS-CoV-2

The pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19) had an estimated overall case fatality ratio of 1.38% (pre-vaccination), being 53% higher in males and increasing exponentially with age. Among 9578 individuals diagnosed with COVID-19 in the SCOURGE study, we found 133 cases (1.42%) with detectable clonal mosaicism for chromosome alterations (mCA) and 226 males (5.08%) with acquired loss of chromosome Y (LOY). Individuals with clonal mosaic events (mCA and/or LOY) showed a 54% increase in the risk of COVID-19 lethality. LOY is associated with transcriptomic biomarkers of immune dysfunction, pro-coagulation activity and cardiovascular risk. Interferon-induced genes involved in the initial immune response to SARS-CoV-2 are also down-regulated in LOY. Thus, mCA and LOY underlie at least part of the sex-biased severity and mortality of COVID-19 in aging patients. Given its potential therapeutic and prognostic relevance, evaluation of clonal mosaicism should be implemented as biomarker of COVID-19 severity in elderly people. Among 9578 individuals diagnosed with COVID-19 in the SCOURGE study, individuals with clonal mosaic events (clonal mosaicism for chromosome alterations and/or loss of chromosome Y) showed an increased risk of COVID-19 lethality

Gestión del conocimiento. Perspectiva multidisciplinaria. Volumen 7

El libro “Gestión del Conocimiento. Perspectiva Multidisciplinaria”, volumen 7, de la Colección Unión Global, es resultado de investigaciones. Los capítulos del libro, son resultados de investigaciones desarrolladas por sus autores. El libro es una publicación internacional, seriada, continua, arbitrada de acceso abierto a todas las áreas del conocimiento, que cuenta con el esfuerzo de investigadores de varios países del mundo, orientada a contribuir con procesos de gestión del conocimiento científico, tecnológico y humanístico que consoliden la transformación del conocimiento en diferentes escenarios, tanto organizacionales como universitarios, para el desarrollo de habilidades cognitivas del quehacer diario. La gestión del conocimiento es un camino para consolidar una plataforma en las empresas públicas o privadas, entidades educativas, organizaciones no gubernamentales, ya sea generando políticas para todas las jerarquías o un modelo de gestión para la administración, donde es fundamental articular el conocimiento, los trabajadores, directivos, el espacio de trabajo, hacia la creación de ambientes propicios para el desarrollo integral de las instituciones

Combined searches for the production of supersymmetric top quark partners in proton-proton collisions at root s=13 TeV

A combination of searches for top squark pair production using proton-proton collision data at a center-of-mass energy of 13 TeV at the CERN LHC, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 137 fb(-1) collected by the CMS experiment, is presented. Signatures with at least 2 jets and large missing transverse momentum are categorized into events with 0, 1, or 2 leptons. New results for regions of parameter space where the kinematical properties of top squark pair production and top quark pair production are very similar are presented. Depending on themodel, the combined result excludes a top squarkmass up to 1325 GeV for amassless neutralino, and a neutralinomass up to 700 GeV for a top squarkmass of 1150 GeV. Top squarks with masses from 145 to 295 GeV, for neutralino masses from 0 to 100 GeV, with a mass difference between the top squark and the neutralino in a window of 30 GeV around the mass of the top quark, are excluded for the first time with CMS data. The results of theses searches are also interpreted in an alternative signal model of dark matter production via a spin-0 mediator in association with a top quark pair. Upper limits are set on the cross section for mediator particle masses of up to 420 GeV