Bite force in children with posterior crossbite

A força de mordida é influenciada pela condição oclusal. Em crianças com mordida cruzada posterior, os resultados são controversos. Objetivo Investigar a influência da mordida cruzada posterior na força isométrica máxima de mordida, em crianças na fase de dentição mista. Métodos Participaram deste estudo transversal 32 crianças, sendo 21 do grupo mordida cruzada posterior (10 meninas e 11 meninos, média de idade 9,2 anos) e 11 do grupo controle, sem alterações oclusais (seis meninas, cinco meninos, média de idade 9,3 anos). As crianças foram avaliadas por um ortodontista, para diagnóstico oclusal e caracterização dos grupos, pela equipe de otorrinolaringologia, para avaliação do quadro respiratório, e por uma fonoaudióloga. O dinamômetro foi posicionado na região dos molares e as crianças foram instruídas a mordê-lo o mais forte possível, por três vezes, alternadamente. Para análise dos dados foi utilizado o teste t de Student para amostras independentes e dependentes. O nível de significância estabelecido foi de 5%. Resultados Na comparação entre os grupos mordida cruzada e controle não foi encontrada diferença significativa e no grupo mordida cruzada, não houve diferença entre o lado cruzado e o não cruzado. Conclusão A presença de mordida cruzada posterior não esteve relacionada à força de mordida em crianças na fase de dentição mista.The bite force is influenced by the occlusal condition. In children with posterior crossbite the results are controversial. Purpose To investigate the influence of posterior crossbite in maximal isometric bite force (MIBF) in children with mixed dentition. Methods In this cross-sectional study, 32 children participated, 21 of them belonging to the posterior cross-bite group (10 girls and 11 boys, mean age 9.2 years) and 11 to the control group (6 girls, 5 boys, mean age 9.3 years). The children were evaluated by an orthodontist for occlusal diagnosis and characterization of the groups, by otorhinolaryngologists for evaluation of respiratory symptoms and by a speech therapist to identify the clinical and MIBF myofunctional orofacial condition. The dynamometer was placed in the molar region and the children were instructed to bite it as hard as possible three times alternately. For data analysis, Student’s t-test for independent samples was used. The level of significance was set at 5%. Results While comparing the groups crossbite vs. control, there was no significantly difference; also, among only children belonging to the crossbite group, there was no difference between the sides (crossed bite vs. Noncrossed one). Conclusion The presence of posterior crossbite did not influence the maximal isometric bite force in children with mixed dentition

Design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of new thalidomide–donepezil hybrids as neuroprotective agents targeting cholinesterases and neuroinflammation

A new series of eight multifunctional thalidomide–donepezil hybrids were synthesized based on the multi target-directed ligand strategy and evaluated as potential neuroprotective, cholinesterase inhibitors and anti neuroinflammatory agents against neurodegenerative diseases. A molecular hybridization approach was used for structural design by combining the N-benzylpiperidine pharmacophore of donepezil and the isoindoline 1,3-dione fragment from the thalidomide structure. The most promising compound, PQM-189 (3g), showed good AChE inhibitory activity with an IC50 value of 3.15 μM, which was predicted by docking studies as interacting with the enzyme in the same orientation observed in the AChE–donepezil complex and a similar profile of interaction. Additionally, compound 3g significantly decreased iNOS and IL-1β levels by 43% and 39%, respectively, after 24 h of incubation with lipopolysaccharide. In vivo data confirmed the ability of 3g to prevent locomotor impairment and changes in feeding behavior elicited by lipopolysaccharide. Moreover, the PAMPA assay evidenced adequate blood–brain barrier and gastrointestinal tract permeabilities with an Fa value of 69.8%. Altogether, these biological data suggest that compound 3g can treat the inflammatory process and oxidative stress resulting from the overexpression of iNOS and therefore the increase in reactive nitrogen species, and regulate the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-1β. In this regard, compound PQM-189 (3g) was revealed to be a promising neuroprotective and anti-neuroinflammatory agent with an innovative thalidomide–donepezil-based hybrid molecular architectur

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear un derstanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5–7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8–11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world’s most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepre sented in biodiversity databases.13–15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may elim inate pieces of the Amazon’s biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological com munities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple or ganism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region’s vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most ne glected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lostinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear understanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5,6,7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8,9,10,11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world's most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepresented in biodiversity databases.13,14,15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may eliminate pieces of the Amazon's biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological communities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple organism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region's vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most neglected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lost

Evaluation of anxiolytic-like effect of 7-epiclusianone isolated from Garcinia brasiliensis in mice

Garcinia brasiliensis Mart., Clusiaceae, species became the target of studies for some years because it has several compounds including polyprenylated benzophenones, as 7-epiclusianone. This benzophenone has several properties, such as leishmanicidal, anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive effects, however still did not be studied anxiolytic activity. For this, the open field and elevated plus maze tests were used in order to evaluate the effect of administration of 7-epiclusianone (isolated from G. brasiliensis) on behavioral performance. Swiss male mice (n = 10 per group) were pre-treated with vegetable oil (10 ml/kg; i.p.) or 7-epiclusianone (1, 3 or 10 mg/kg, i.p.) or diazepam (0.2 mg/kg, i.p.). After 1 h, the animals were submitted to the open field and elevated plus maze tests. The administration of 7-epiclusianone exerted a possible anxiolytic effect in the open field, increased the number of central crossings and anti-tigmotactic effect. In pre-treated group with 7-epiclusianone (10 mg/kg) was also possible to determine a possible anxiolytic effect in the elevated plus maze due to increased permanence of animals in the open arms. The results suggest a possible anxiolytic-like effect presented by the 7-epiclusianone and suggest its potential for the treatment of anxiety. Keywords: Polyprenylated benzophenones, 7-Epiclusianone, Anxiet

Força de mordida em crianças com mordida cruzada posterior

RESUMO Introdução A força de mordida é influenciada pela condição oclusal. Em crianças com mordida cruzada posterior, os resultados são controversos. Objetivo Investigar a influência da mordida cruzada posterior na força isométrica máxima de mordida, em crianças na fase de dentição mista. Métodos Participaram deste estudo transversal 32 crianças, sendo 21 do grupo mordida cruzada posterior (10 meninas e 11 meninos, média de idade 9,2 anos) e 11 do grupo controle, sem alterações oclusais (seis meninas, cinco meninos, média de idade 9,3 anos). As crianças foram avaliadas por um ortodontista, para diagnóstico oclusal e caracterização dos grupos, pela equipe de otorrinolaringologia, para avaliação do quadro respiratório, e por uma fonoaudióloga. O dinamômetro foi posicionado na região dos molares e as crianças foram instruídas a mordê-lo o mais forte possível, por três vezes, alternadamente. Para análise dos dados foi utilizado o teste t de Student para amostras independentes e dependentes. O nível de significância estabelecido foi de 5%. Resultados Na comparação entre os grupos mordida cruzada e controle não foi encontrada diferença significativa e no grupo mordida cruzada, não houve diferença entre o lado cruzado e o não cruzado. Conclusão A presença de mordida cruzada posterior não esteve relacionada à força de mordida em crianças na fase de dentição mista