Phenotypic, genetic and symbiotic characterization of Erythrina velutina rhizobia from Caatinga dry forest.

Erythrina velutina (Mulungu) is a legume ree from Caatinga that associates with rhizobia but the diversity and symbiotic ability of mulungu rhizobia are poorly understood. The aim of this study was to characterize mulungu rhizobia from Caatinga. Bacteria were obteined from Serra Talhada and Caruaru in Caatinga under natural regeneration. The bacteria were evaluated to the amplication of nifH and nod C and to metabolic characteristics. Ten selected bacteria identied by 16S rRNA sequences. They were tested in vitro to NaCl and temperature tolerance, auxin production and calcium phosphate solubilization. The symbiotic ability were assessed in an greenhouse experiment. A total of 32 bacteria were obtained and 17 amplied both symbiotic genes. The bacteria showed a high variable metabolic prole. Bradyrhizobium (6), Rhizobium (3) and Paraburkholderia (1) were identied, differing from their geographic origin. The isolates grew up to 45 ◦ C to 0.51 mol L ? 1 of NaCl. Bacteria which produced more auxin in the medium with l -tryptophan and two Rhizobium and one Bradyrhizobium were phosphate solubilizers. All bacteria nodulated and ESA 90 (Rhizobium sp.) plus ESA 96 (Paraburkholderia sp.) were more efcient symbiotically. Diverse and efcient rhizobia inhabit the soils of Caatinga dry forests, with the bacterial differentiation by the sampling sites

Extended Thromboprophylaxis with Betrixaban in Acutely Ill Medical Patients

Background Patients with acute medical illnesses are at prolonged risk for venous thrombosis. However, the appropriate duration of thromboprophylaxis remains unknown. Methods Patients who were hospitalized for acute medical illnesses were randomly assigned to receive subcutaneous enoxaparin (at a dose of 40 mg once daily) for 10±4 days plus oral betrixaban placebo for 35 to 42 days or subcutaneous enoxaparin placebo for 10±4 days plus oral betrixaban (at a dose of 80 mg once daily) for 35 to 42 days. We performed sequential analyses in three prespecified, progressively inclusive cohorts: patients with an elevated d-dimer level (cohort 1), patients with an elevated d-dimer level or an age of at least 75 years (cohort 2), and all the enrolled patients (overall population cohort). The statistical analysis plan specified that if the between-group difference in any analysis in this sequence was not significant, the other analyses would be considered exploratory. The primary efficacy outcome was a composite of asymptomatic proximal deep-vein thrombosis and symptomatic venous thromboembolism. The principal safety outcome was major bleeding. Results A total of 7513 patients underwent randomization. In cohort 1, the primary efficacy outcome occurred in 6.9% of patients receiving betrixaban and 8.5% receiving enoxaparin (relative risk in the betrixaban group, 0.81; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.65 to 1.00; P=0.054). The rates were 5.6% and 7.1%, respectively (relative risk, 0.80; 95% CI, 0.66 to 0.98; P=0.03) in cohort 2 and 5.3% and 7.0% (relative risk, 0.76; 95% CI, 0.63 to 0.92; P=0.006) in the overall population. (The last two analyses were considered to be exploratory owing to the result in cohort 1.) In the overall population, major bleeding occurred in 0.7% of the betrixaban group and 0.6% of the enoxaparin group (relative risk, 1.19; 95% CI, 0.67 to 2.12; P=0.55). Conclusions Among acutely ill medical patients with an elevated d-dimer level, there was no significant difference between extended-duration betrixaban and a standard regimen of enoxaparin in the prespecified primary efficacy outcome. However, prespecified exploratory analyses provided evidence suggesting a benefit for betrixaban in the two larger cohorts. (Funded by Portola Pharmaceuticals; APEX ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT01583218. opens in new tab.

Study of the factors associated with dental caries in children who receive early dental care Estudo de fatores associados à cárie dental em crianças que recebem atendimento odontológico precoce

The present study investigated the factors associated with the development of dental caries in preschool children who receive regular dental care and follow-up. The research was carried out at the Baby Clinic, Londrina State University, and comprised two hundred preschool children, whose ages ranged from 24 to 48 months, as well as their mothers, who had already taken part in a dental program at the Baby Clinic during, at least, the previous twelve months. Regarding oral hygiene habits, there was no significant difference between the preschool children who presented with caries and those who did not present with caries. However, the presence of visible bacterial plaque on the upper incisors was strongly associated with the presence of dental caries. Other factors associated with the presence of caries were: period of formal education of the father or of both parents equal or inferior to 8 years, high sugar consumption and bottle-feeding during sleep. In the studied population, the dietary pattern is still the main cause of carious lesions. In addition, the presence of visible bacterial plaque on the labial surface of the upper incisors must be considered as an important clinical sign, often associated with inadequate patterns of diet and oral hygiene.<br>Esta pesquisa estudou os fatores associados com o desenvolvimento de cárie dentária em pré-escolares que recebem acompanhamento e intervenção odontológica. O estudo abrangeu 200 crianças, de 24 a 48 meses de idade, que participavam do programa da Bebê-Clínica (Universidade Estadual de Londrina) havia pelo menos 12 meses. A comparação entre as crianças com cárie e sem cárie não apresentou diferenças estatisticamente significantes com relação aos hábitos de higiene bucal. No entanto, a presença de placa visível nos incisivos superiores esteve fortemente associada com a presença de cárie dentária. Outros fatores relacionados à presença de cárie foram a educação formal paterna ou de ambos os pais igual ou menor do que 8 anos, alto consumo de açúcar e uso de mamadeira durante o sono. Na população estudada, o padrão dietético continua sendo o principal responsável pelo desenvolvimento de lesões de cárie. Além disso, a presença de placa bacteriana visível na superfície vestibular dos incisivos superiores deve ser considerada um importante sinal clínico, freqüentemente associado a padrões inadequados de higiene bucal e dieta

Caracterização genotípica de bactérias endofíticas do milheto cultivado no Semiárido Pernambucano.

O milheto é uma gramínea com grande potencial para o cultivo em regiões semiáridas, entretanto, nestes ambientes, a sua capacidade de associação com bactérias potencialmente fixadoras de N ainda não foi avaliada. O objetivo deste trabalho foi isolar e caracterizar genotipicamente bactérias endofíticas de milheto por meio da amplificação de um fragmento do gene nifH. O milheto foi cultivado com e sem adubação nitrogenada foi coletado e a partir da raiz e colmo das plantas foram isolados os microorganismos utilizando os meios de cultura semissólidos JMV, LGI, LGI-P e NFb como método de pré-seleção. O DNA dos isolados foi extraído com kit comercial e o gene nifH amplificado por PCR, considerando positivos os isolados que apresentaram o amplicom com tamanho esperado (360 pb). Foram pré-selecionadas 30 bactérias pela formação de película microaerotáxica nos meios semissólidos JMV, NFB e LGI das quais 28 foram selecionadas como positivas para a amplificação do gene nifH. A maioria dos isolados positivos foi proveniente da raiz do milheto cultivado com adubação nitrogenada

Variabilidade genética de bactérias de nódulos de Arachis batizocoi por meio da avaliação do perfil de amplificação de genes simbióticos.

Objetivou-se, com este trabalho, caracterizar a variabilidade genética de bactérias isoladas de nódulos de Arachis batizocoi por meio da amplificação de genes simbióticos

Polimorfismo de amplificação do gene rpoB como nova ferramenta molecular para o agrupamento de bactérias associativas.

O trabalho teve como objetivo estudar o padrão polimórfico de amplificação dos genes constitutivos rpoB, recA, atpD e glnII, em comparação com a metodologia de amplificação do espaço intergênico ribossomal (RISA) para o agrupamento e pré-seleção de bactérias potencialmente diazotróficas associadas ao sorgo e ao milheto