Serologically diagnosed acute human bocavirus 1 infection in childhood community-acquired pneumonia

AimTo assess the role of human bocavirus 1 (HBoV1) as a causative agent of non-severe community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) in children. MethodsPatients aged 2-59 months with non-severe CAP (respiratory complaints and radiographic pulmonary infiltrate/consolidation) attending a University Hospital in Salvador, Brazil were enrolled in a prospective cohort. From 820 recruited children in a clinical trial ( NCT01200706), nasopharyngeal aspirate (NPA), and acute and convalescent serum samples were obtained from 759 (92.6%) patients. NPAs were tested for 16 respiratory viruses by PCR. Acute HBoV1 infection was confirmed by measuring specific IgM and IgG responses in paired serum samples. ResultsRespiratory viruses were detected in 693 (91.3%; 95%CI: 89.1-93.2) CAP cases by PCR. HBoV1-DNA was detected in 159 (20.9%; 95%CI: 18.2-24.0) cases. Of these 159 PCR positive cases, acute HBoV1 infection was confirmed serologically in 38 cases (23.9%; 95%CI: 17.8-31.0). Overall, acute HBoV1 infection was confirmed in 5.0% (38/759) of non-severe CAP patients. HBoV1 was detected in 151 cases with at least one other virus making 31.7% of all multiple virus (n=477) detections. Among all 759 cases, 216 had one respiratory virus detected, and sole HBoV1 was detected in only 8 (3.7%). Acute HBoV1 infection was serologically diagnosed in 34 (22.5%) HBoV1-DNA-positive cases with another virus, compared to 4 (50.0%) cases with sole virus detection (p=0.09). ConclusionHBoV1 was detected by PCR in one fifth of the children with non-severe CAP and acute HBoV1 infection was serologically confirmed in one quarter of these cases.Peer reviewe

Saúde bucal das crianças de Goiânia: prevalência de doença gengival e presença de espiroquetas em placa subgengival de 300 crianças com 2 a 11 anos de idade com baixa condição sócio-econômica.

Saúde bucal das crianças de Goiânia: prevalência de doença gengival e presença de espiroquetas em placa subgengival de 300 crianças com 2 a 11 anos de idade com baixa condição sócio-econômica

Pediatric Pulmonology

Texto completo: acesso restrito. p. 464–469This study assessed the inter-observer agreement in the interpretation of several radiographic features in the chest radiographs (CXR) of 803 children aged 2–59 months with non-severe acute lower respiratory tract infection (ALRI). Inclusion criteria comprised: report of respiratory complaints, detection of lower respiratory findings, and presence of pulmonary infiltrate on the CXR taken on admission and read by the pediatrician on duty. Data on demographic and clinical findings on admission were collected from children included in a clinical trial on the use of amoxicillin (ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier NCT01200706). CXR was later read by two independent pediatric radiologists blinded to clinical information and pneumonia was finally diagnosed if there was agreement on the presence of pulmonary infiltrate or pleural effusion. The kappa index (κ) of agreement was calculated. The radiologists agreed that 774 (96.4%) and 3 (0.4%) CXR were appropriate or inappropriate for reading, respectively, and that 222 (28.7%) and 459 (59.3%) CXR presented or did not present pneumonia. In intent to treat analysis, that is, considering the 803 enrolled patients, κ for the presence of pneumonia was 0.725 (95% CI: 0.675–0.775). The overall agreement was 78.7% (normal CXR [n = 385, 60.9%], pneumonia [n = 222, 35.1%], other radiological diagnosis [n = 22, 3.5%], inappropriate for reading [n = 3, 0.5%]). The most frequent radiological findings were alveolar infiltrate (33.2%) and consolidation (32.9%) by radiologist 1 and consolidation (28.3%) and alveolar infiltrate (19.3%) by radiologist 2. Concordance for consolidation was 86.7% (k = 0.683, 95%CI: 0.631–0.741). Agreement was good between two pediatric radiologists when diagnosis of pneumonia among children with non-severe ALRI was compared

Detection of antibody responses against Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, and Moraxella catarrhalis proteins in children with community-acquired pneumonia: effects of combining pneumococcal antigens, pre-existing antibody levels, sampling interval, age, and duration of illness.

Submitted by Ana Maria Fiscina Sampaio ([email protected]) on 2016-04-01T13:26:34Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Borges, IC. Detection of antibody....pdf: 173075 bytes, checksum: 0b47c689713f1da2ca3a96e5efb53dab (MD5)Approved for entry into archive by Ana Maria Fiscina Sampaio ([email protected]) on 2016-04-01T13:52:28Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Borges, IC. Detection of antibody....pdf: 173075 bytes, checksum: 0b47c689713f1da2ca3a96e5efb53dab (MD5)Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-01T13:52:28Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Borges, IC. Detection of antibody....pdf: 173075 bytes, checksum: 0b47c689713f1da2ca3a96e5efb53dab (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015Federal University of Bahia School of Medicine. Postgraduate Programme in Health Sciences. Salvador, BA, BrasilFederal University of Bahia School of Medicine. Postgraduate Programme in Health Sciences. Salvador, BA, BrasilFederal University of Bahia School of Medicine. Postgraduate Programme in Health Sciences. Salvador, BA, BrasilFederal University of Bahia School of Medicine. Department of Paediatrics. Salvador, BA, BrasilNational Institute for Health and Welfare. Helsinki, FinlandNational Institute for Health and Welfare. Helsinki, FinlandUniversity of the Witwatersrand. DST/NRF Vaccine Preventable Diseases. MRC Respiratory and Meningeal Pathogens Research Unit. Johannesburg, South AfricaValneva Austria GmbH. Campus Vienna Biocenter. Vienna, AustriaUniversity of São Paulo School of Public Health. Department of Epidemiology. São Paulo, SP, BrasilFederal University of Bahia School of Medicine. Postgraduate Programme in Health Sciences. Salvador, BA, Brasil / Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Centro de Pesquisas Gonçalo Moniz. Salvador, BA, Brasil / Federal University of Bahia School of Medicine. Department of Pathology. Salvador, BA, BrasilTurku University and University Hospital. Department of Paediatrics. Turku, FinlandNational Institute for Health and Welfare. Helsinki, FinlandFederal University of Bahia School of Medicine. Postgraduate Programme in Health Sciences. Salvador, BA, Brasil / Federal University of Bahia School of Medicine. Department of Paediatrics. Salvador, BA, BrasilWe evaluated the effects of combining different numbers of pneumococcal antigens, pre-existing antibody levels, sampling interval, age, and duration of illness on the detection of IgG responses against eight Streptococcus pneumoniae proteins, three Haemophilus influenzae proteins, and five Moraxella catarrhalis proteins in 690 children aged <5 years with pneumonia. Serological tests were performed on acute and convalescent serum samples with a multiplexed bead-based immunoassay. The median sampling interval was 19 days, the median age was 26.7 months, and the median duration of illness was 5 days. The rate of antibody responses was 15.4 % for at least one pneumococcal antigen, 5.8 % for H. influenzae, and 2.3 % for M. catarrhalis. The rate of antibody responses against each pneumococcal antigen varied from 3.5 to 7.1 %. By multivariate analysis, pre-existing antibody levels showed a negative association with the detection of antibody responses against pneumococcal and H. influenzae antigens; the sampling interval was positively associated with the detection of antibody responses against pneumococcal and H. influenzae antigens. A sampling interval of 3 weeks was the optimal cut-off for the detection of antibody responses against pneumococcal and H. influenzae proteins. Duration of illness was negatively associated with antibody responses against PspA. Age did not influence antibody responses against the investigated antigens. In conclusion, serological assays using combinations of different pneumococcal proteins detect a higher rate of antibody responses against S. pneumoniae compared to assays using a single pneumococcal protein. Pre-existing antibody levels and sampling interval influence the detection of antibody responses against pneumococcal and H. influenzae proteins. These factors should be considered when determining pneumonia etiology by serological methods in children

Comparison of oral amoxicillin given thrice or twice daily to children between 2 and 59 months old with non-severe pneumonia: a randomized controlled trial

Submitted by Ana Maria Fiscina Sampaio ([email protected]) on 2014-06-30T17:58:15Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Vilas-Boas AL Comparison of oral....pdf: 192137 bytes, checksum: c8cc369ee368a9bdb6e9eedde3f9fbab (MD5)Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-30T17:58:15Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Vilas-Boas AL Comparison of oral....pdf: 192137 bytes, checksum: c8cc369ee368a9bdb6e9eedde3f9fbab (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014Federal University of Bahia. School of Medicine. Department of Paediatrics. Salvador, BA, BrasilFederal University of Bahia. School of Medicine. Department of Paediatrics. Salvador, BA, BrasilFederal University of Bahia. School of Medicine. Department of Paediatrics. Salvador, BA, BrasilUniversity Federal of Bahia School of Medicine. Department of Image Diagnosis. Salvador, BA, BrasilFederal University of Bahia Hospital. Image Diagnosis Unit. Salvador, BA, BrasilUniversity Federal of Bahia School of Medicine. Department of Image Diagnosis. Salvador, BA, BrasilFederal University of Bahia Hospital. Pharmacy Unit. Salvador, BA, BrasilFederal University of Bahia School of Medicine. Pathology Department. Salvador, BA, Brasil / Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Centro de Pesquisa Gonçalo Moniz. Salvador, BA, BrasilUniversity of São Paulo School of Public Health. Department of Epidemiology. São Paulo, SP, BrasilUniversity of São Paulo School of Public Health. Department of Epidemiology. São Paulo, SP, BrasilFederal University of Bahia. School of Medicine. Department of Paediatrics. Salvador, BA, BrasilObjectives: Oral amoxicillin (50 mg/kg/day) thrice daily is the first-line therapy for non-severe childhood pneumonia. Compliance could be enhanced if two daily doses are employed. We assessed the equivalence of oral amoxicillin (50 mg/kg/day) thrice or twice daily in those patients. Patients and methods: This randomized (1: 1), controlled, triple-blinded investigation conducted at one centre in Brazil included children aged 2–59 months with non-severe pneumonia diagnosed by trained paediatricians based on respiratory complaints and radiographic pulmonary infiltrate/consolidation. Participantswere randomly assigned to receive one bottle (Amoxicillin 1) at 6 am, 2 pm and 10 pm and the other bottle (Amoxicillin 2) at 8 am and 8 pm: one bottle contained amoxicillin and the other placebo and vice versa. Only the pharmacist knew patients’ allocation. Follow-up assessments were done at 2, 5 and 14 days after enrolment. Chest radiographs were read by three independent radiologists. Primary outcome was treatment failure (development of danger signs, persistence of fever, tachypnoea, development of serious adverse reactions, death and withdrawal from the trial) at 48 h. ClinicalTrials.gov: identifier NCT01200706. Results: Four hundred and twelve and 408 participants received amoxicillin thrice or twice daily, respectively. Treatment failure was detected in 94 (22.8%) and 94 (23.0%) patients in intention-to-treat analysis (risk difference 0.2%; 95% CI: 25.5%–6.0%) and in 80 (20.1%) and 85 (21.3%) patients in per-protocol analysis (risk difference 1.2%; 95% CI: 24.4%–6.8%). Pneumonia was radiologically confirmed by concordant reading in 277 (33.8%) cases, among whom treatment failure was registered in 25/133 (18.8%) and 27/144 (18.8%) participants from the thrice and twice daily doses subgroups, respectively (risk difference 20.05%; 95% CI: 29.3%– 9.2%). Conclusions: Oral amoxicillin (50 mg/kg/day) twice daily is as efficacious as thrice daily

TimeFISH: Long-term assessment of reef fish assemblages in a transition zone in the Southwestern Atlantic

The TimeFISH database provides the first public time-series dataset on reef fish assemblages in the southwestern Atlantic (SWA), comprising 15 years of data (2007–2022) based on standardized Underwater Visual Censuses (UVCs). The rocky reefs covered by our dataset are influenced by pronounced seasonal cycles of ocean temperatures with warm tropical waters from the Brazil Current in the summer (~27°C) and colder waters from the La Plata River Plume discharge and upwelling from the South Atlantic Central Water in the winter (~18°C). These oceanographic conditions characterize this area as the southernmost tropical–subtropical climatic transition zone in the Atlantic Ocean. As a result, reef fish assemblages are comprised of both tropical and subtropical species. All records included in TimeFISH were collected using UVCs, a nondestructive method that allows the estimation of fish species richness, abundance, and body size distributions. UVCs were performed through 40 m2 belt transects by scuba diving in nine locations along the southern Brazilian coast (25–29°S). Four of these locations lie within the boundaries of the no-entry Arvoredo Marine Biological Reserve, where fishing and recreational activities are forbidden, and the remaining locations are unprotected from these activities. During each belt transect, a diver swam at a constant depth above and parallel to the reef, identifying fish species, counting the number of individuals, and estimating the total body length (Lt in cm) of all detected individuals. All fish individuals in the water column (up to 2 m above the substratum) and at the bottom were targeted. In total, 202,965 individuals belonging to 163 reef fish species and 53 families were recorded across 1857 UVCs. All survey campaigns were funded by either public or mixed capital (private–public) sources, including seven grants from the Brazilian federal and Santa Catarina state governments. Part of the data has already been used in multiple MS.c. and Ph.D. theses and scientific articles. TimeFISH represents an important contribution for future studies aiming to examine temporal and spatial variations of reef fish assemblages in transition zones. No copyright restrictions apply to the use of this data set, other than citing this publication

Comparison of oral amoxicillin given thrice or twice daily to children between 2 and 59 months old with non-severe pneumonia: a randomized controlled trial

Objectives: Oral amoxicillin (50 mg/kg/day) thrice daily is the first-line therapy for non-severe childhood pneumonia. Compliance could be enhanced if two daily doses are employed. We assessed the equivalence of oral amoxicillin (50 mg/kg/day) thrice or twice daily in those patients. Patients and methods: This randomized (1: 1), controlled, triple-blinded investigation conducted at one centre in Brazil included children aged 2–59 months with non-severe pneumonia diagnosed by trained paediatricians based on respiratory complaints and radiographic pulmonary infiltrate/consolidation. Participantswere randomly assigned to receive one bottle (Amoxicillin 1) at 6 am, 2 pm and 10 pm and the other bottle (Amoxicillin 2) at 8 am and 8 pm: one bottle contained amoxicillin and the other placebo and vice versa. Only the pharmacist knew patients’ allocation. Follow-up assessments were done at 2, 5 and 14 days after enrolment. Chest radiographs were read by three independent radiologists. Primary outcome was treatment failure (development of danger signs, persistence of fever, tachypnoea, development of serious adverse reactions, death and withdrawal from the trial) at 48 h. ClinicalTrials.gov: identifier NCT01200706. Results: Four hundred and twelve and 408 participants received amoxicillin thrice or twice daily, respectively. Treatment failure was detected in 94 (22.8%) and 94 (23.0%) patients in intention-to-treat analysis (risk difference 0.2%; 95% CI: 25.5%–6.0%) and in 80 (20.1%) and 85 (21.3%) patients in per-protocol analysis (risk difference 1.2%; 95% CI: 24.4%–6.8%). Pneumonia was radiologically confirmed by concordant reading in 277 (33.8%) cases, among whom treatment failure was registered in 25/133 (18.8%) and 27/144 (18.8%) participants from the thrice and twice daily doses subgroups, respectively (risk difference 20.05%; 95% CI: 29.3%– 9.2%). Conclusions: Oral amoxicillin (50 mg/kg/day) twice daily is as efficacious as thrice daily