Agri-food clusters: Does French policy match with real spatial dynamics?

In this paper, we attempt to ascertain to what extent the clusters identified in the agricultural and agri-food space rely on a spatial dynamic involving real agricultural and agri-food activities in the relevant geographic area. We use explanatory spatial data analysis (ESDA) to detect the spatial structure and dynamics of agri-food activities and to connect them to the competitiveness clusters’ locations. Results show that the six clusters specifically studied have different profiles because of their proximity to dynamic areas of agricultural and agri-food production and because of their collaborations with other clusters. Keywords: French Competitiveness Clusters, spatial analysis, inter cluster collaboration.

Yinde Zhang, Mo Yan, le lieu de la fiction (Mo Yan, the Place of Fiction),

After publishing many works on contemporary Chinese literature, such as Le monde romanesque chinois au XXe siècle: modernités et identités (The World of Chinese Fiction in the Twentieth Century: Modernities and Identities), Le Roman chinois moderne 1918-1949 (The Modern Chinese Novel, 1918-1949), and Littérature comparée et perspectives chinoises (Comparative Literature and Chinese Perspectives), Yinde Zhang, professor of Chinese Studies and director of research at the Centre d'études et de r..

Yinde Zhang, Mo Yan, le lieu de la fiction

Après avoir publié de nombreux ouvrages sur la littérature contemporaine chinoise, comme Le monde romanesque chinois au XXe siècle : modernités et identités, Le Roman chinois moderne 1918-1949, ouenfin Littérature comparée et perspectives chinoises, Yinde Zhang, professeur d'études chinoises et directeur de recherche au Centre d'études et de recherches comparatistes de l’Université Sorbonne Nouvelle-Paris 3, se penche ici sur un écrivain chinois contemporain désormais connu du public : Mo Yan..

Agri-food clusters: is French policy in line with real spatial dynamics?

In this paper, we attempt to ascertain to what extent the clusters identified in the agricultural and agri-food space rely on a spatial dynamic involving real agricultural and agri-food activities in the relevant geographic area. We use explanatory spatial data analysis (ESDA) to detect the spatial structure and dynamics of agri-food activities and to connect them to the competitiveness clusters' locations. Results show that the six clusters specifically studied have different profiles because of their proximity to dynamic areas of agricultural and agri-food production and because of their collaborations with other clusters

Management of grapevine trunk diseases: knowledge transfer, current strategies and innovative strategies adopted in Europe

Since the early 1990s, grapevine trunk diseases (GTDs) have posed threats for viticulture. Esca complex, Eutypa- and Botryosphaeria- diebacks, mostly detected in adult vineyards, are currently responsible for considerable economic losses in the main vine-growing areas of the world. Other GTDs, such as Petri- (Esca complex) and Black-foot diseases, are emerging problems in grapevine nurseries (resulting in grafting failures and/or loss of saleable plants) and in young vineyards. The impacts of GTDs in modern viticulture depend on several factors, some related to their complexity, and others linked to host plant characteristics, changes in vineyard management and to the scarcity of simple tools for their control. For these reasons control of GTDs remains difficult, also depending on knowledge transfer from research to field and vice versa. This paper outlines the main preventive and curative techniques currently applied, scientifically tested or not that have resulted from the outcomes of “Winetwork”, a European Union funded project with special emphasis on the promising and innovative approaches.

Cabbage and fermented vegetables : From death rate heterogeneity in countries to candidates for mitigation strategies of severe COVID-19

Large differences in COVID-19 death rates exist between countries and between regions of the same country. Some very low death rate countries such as Eastern Asia, Central Europe, or the Balkans have a common feature of eating large quantities of fermented foods. Although biases exist when examining ecological studies, fermented vegetables or cabbage have been associated with low death rates in European countries. SARS-CoV-2 binds to its receptor, the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2). As a result of SARS-CoV-2 binding, ACE2 downregulation enhances the angiotensin II receptor type 1 (AT(1)R) axis associated with oxidative stress. This leads to insulin resistance as well as lung and endothelial damage, two severe outcomes of COVID-19. The nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 (Nrf2) is the most potent antioxidant in humans and can block in particular the AT(1)R axis. Cabbage contains precursors of sulforaphane, the most active natural activator of Nrf2. Fermented vegetables contain many lactobacilli, which are also potent Nrf2 activators. Three examples are: kimchi in Korea, westernized foods, and the slum paradox. It is proposed that fermented cabbage is a proof-of-concept of dietary manipulations that may enhance Nrf2-associated antioxidant effects, helpful in mitigating COVID-19 severity.Peer reviewe

Nrf2-interacting nutrients and COVID-19 : time for research to develop adaptation strategies

There are large between- and within-country variations in COVID-19 death rates. Some very low death rate settings such as Eastern Asia, Central Europe, the Balkans and Africa have a common feature of eating large quantities of fermented foods whose intake is associated with the activation of the Nrf2 (Nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2) anti-oxidant transcription factor. There are many Nrf2-interacting nutrients (berberine, curcumin, epigallocatechin gallate, genistein, quercetin, resveratrol, sulforaphane) that all act similarly to reduce insulin resistance, endothelial damage, lung injury and cytokine storm. They also act on the same mechanisms (mTOR: Mammalian target of rapamycin, PPAR gamma:Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor, NF kappa B: Nuclear factor kappa B, ERK: Extracellular signal-regulated kinases and eIF2 alpha:Elongation initiation factor 2 alpha). They may as a result be important in mitigating the severity of COVID-19, acting through the endoplasmic reticulum stress or ACE-Angiotensin-II-AT(1)R axis (AT(1)R) pathway. Many Nrf2-interacting nutrients are also interacting with TRPA1 and/or TRPV1. Interestingly, geographical areas with very low COVID-19 mortality are those with the lowest prevalence of obesity (Sub-Saharan Africa and Asia). It is tempting to propose that Nrf2-interacting foods and nutrients can re-balance insulin resistance and have a significant effect on COVID-19 severity. It is therefore possible that the intake of these foods may restore an optimal natural balance for the Nrf2 pathway and may be of interest in the mitigation of COVID-19 severity

Poetics of the drift in contemporary literature (Laurent Mauvignier, Lin Bai, Imre Kertész, )

Cette thèse s’attache à étudier la notion de dérive, à travers un corpus de récits français, hongrois et chinois écrits respectivement par Laurent Mauvignier, Imre Kertész et Lin Bai, et parus entre les années 1990 et 2014. Conçue par Guy Debord comme l’outil principal pour appréhender le relief psychogéographique de la ville, la dérive permet d’étudier, au sein des fictions contemporaines, l’importance de l’errance des personnages qui sont privés d’existence et donc de territoire : leur identité n’est plus fixée par un lieu, mais dissoute dans des lieux multiples ou des non-lieux. Nous nous attacherons donc à étudier en termes topographiques la brisure du lien entre le sujet et son territoire, comme premier symptôme d’une crise de l’identité. Cette perte du lieu invite ensuite à se pencher sur les manifestations de la disparition de soi, du malaise existentiel jusqu’aux formes de dissolution fantomatique du sujet. Enfin, la dérive pose la question éminente de la représentation car il s’agit de mettre des mots sur une identité flottante, qui a perdu le sens de l’existence comme de la parole : comment exprimer ce flottement, comment figurer la reconstruction du sujet contemporain ? Notre thèse s’appliquera à montrer en quoi la dérive constitue une véritable poétique, une vision aquatique du monde et de la littérature.This thesis aims to study the concept of drift, through a corpus of French, Hungarian and Chinese texts written by Laurent Mauvignier, Imre Kertész and Lin Bai, and published between the 1990s and 2014. Described by Guy Debord as a key word to experience the psychogeographic dimension of the city, the drift enables to study, through contemporary fictions, the important wandering of characters because they are deprived of existence and thus of a territory : their identity is no more attached to a place, but dissolved in many places or what is called non-places. We will thus study a topography of the gap between the self and its territory, as a first signal of an identity crisis. Then, this loss of a location invites us to focus on all the symptoms of the disappearance of the self, from living distress to any kind of ghostly dissolution of the self. Finally, the concept of drift questions representation because the writers have to express a floating identity, which has lost the meaning of existence and the meaning of language : how express this movement, how figure out the reconstruction of a contemporary self? Our thesis will show how the drift is a real poetics, an aquatic vision of the world and of literature

Mise au point et validation d’une méthode de dosage par HPLC-MS/MS du coenzyme Q10 plasmatique et musculaire

Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) is a major component of the mitochondrial inner membrane where it plays a key role in the production of cellular ATP as an electron carrier in the respiratory chain. Primary CoQ10 deficiency is characterized by great clinical variability, ranging from isolated myopathy or nephropathy to multisystem involvement with encephalomyopathy and cerebellar ataxia. Because of these different presentations, patients with CoQ10 deficiency often suffer from delayed diagnosis but these diseases are the only mitochondrial pathologies that may benefit from CoQ10 supplementation. Reduced enzymatic activities of complex I + III and II + III point to a CoQ10 deficiency, but only the detection of reduced CoQ10 levels in skeletal muscle or plasma can confirm the diagnosis. In this context, we developed a method for plasma and muscle CoQ10 using high performance liquid chromatography combined with tandem mass spectrometry. Method validation was conducted following the ISO 15189 guidelines. This study allowed us to determine reference ranges for this parameter in plasma and muscle, then to confirm the diagnosis of CoQ10 deficiency in a patient with a variant in CoQ8A gene and in siblings with a variant in COQ9 gene. Our study shows the importance of including CoQ10 quantification in the diagnostic process of mitochondrial pathologies in order to identify patients that may benefit from ubiquinone supplementation.Le Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) est un composant majeur de la membrane interne mitochondriale où il joue un rôle primordial dans le transport des électrons dans la chaîne respiratoire et dans la production d’ATP cellulaire. Les déficits primaires en CoQ10 se caractérisent par une grande variabilité clinique, pouvant aller d’une myopathie ou d’une néphropathie isolée à une atteinte multisystémique avec encéphalomyopathie et ataxie cérébelleuse. En raison de cette variabilité phénotypique, les patients atteints d’un déficit en CoQ10 souffrent souvent d’un retard au diagnostic alors que ces déficits sont les seules mitochondriopathies potentiellement traitables par supplémentation en CoQ10. Des activités enzymatiques réduites des complexes I+III et II+III orientent vers un déficit en CoQ10 mais seule la mise en évidence d’un déficit dans le muscle ou le plasma permet de confirmer le diagnostic. Dans ce contexte, nous avons mis au point une méthode de dosage du CoQ10 plasmatique et musculaire par technique de chromatographie liquide haute performance couplée à la spectrométrie de masse en tandem. La validation de la méthode a été réalisée selon les exigences de la norme ISO 15 189. Cette étude nous a permis d’établir des intervalles de référence pour ce paramètre dans le plasma et le muscle, puis de confirmer le diagnostic de déficit en CoQ10 chez un patient porteur d’une variation du gène CoQ8A et dans une fratrie porteuse d’une variation du gène COQ9. Notre étude montre l’importance d’inclure la quantification du CoQ10 dans la démarche diagnostique des pathologies mitochondriales afin d’identifier les patients susceptibles de bénéficier d’une supplémentation en ubiquinone

Expression de MSH4 et de p53 dans les tumeurs gliales malignes (corrélation avec le type histologique, le pronostic et la résponse aux traitements)

NICE-BU Médecine Odontologie (060882102) / SudocPARIS-BIUM (751062103) / SudocSudocFranceF