Chemical analysis of the soil- soil differences between Upper and Lower Međimurje

Tema ovoga rada je kemijska analiza tla te razmatranje dobivenih rezultata na način da se usporede vrijednosti parametara za područje Gornjeg i Donjeg Međimurja. Tlo, kao jedan od najvažnijih faktora poljoprivredne proizvodnje, sastoji se od tekuće, plinovite, čvrste i žive faze te mijenjajući se u prirodnim ciklusima osigurava elemente neophodne za život i održava povoljnu plodnost. U ovom radu spomenut će se kako je nastalo tlo i koje su funkcije tla u okolišu. Iz uzoraka koji su obrađeni u laboratoriju tvrtke Bioinstitut razmatrat će se gore navedena tematika. Kako bi se sa sigurnošću mogao utvrditi nedostatak hranjivih elemenata, te njihova koncentraciju u tlu, najsigurnije je izvršiti kemijsku analizu tla. Na temelju kemijske analize tla dobit će se i određeni zaključci koji će biti prikazani u grafičkom obliku. Rezultati Međimurske županije usporedit će se rezultatima Osječko – baranjske i Varaždinske županije. Postoje brojni postupci i metode kako procijeniti nedostatak pojedinih hranjiva za određenu kulturu. Simptomi suviška ili nedostatka pojedinoga elementa najčešće se primjećuju u vidu fizioloških i morfoloških promjena na biljci, ali koncentraciju elementa u minimumu vizualno je nemoguće procijeniti. Skrenut će se pozornost na kemijska i fizička svojstva tla

Experimental and numerical investigation of footing behaviour on multi-layered rubber-reinforced soil

This paper describes the beneficial effects of multiple layers of rubber–sand mixture (RSM). The plate load tests, using circular plate of 300 mm diameter, were performed at an outdoor test pit, dug in natural ground with dimensions of 2000 × 2000 mm in plan and 720 mm in depth to facilitate realistic test conditions. The rubber used in the RSM layers was granulated rubber, produced from waste tires. The optimum thickness of the RSM layer was determined to be approximately 0.4 times the footing diameter. By increasing the number of RSM layers, the bearing capacity of the foundation can be increased and the footing settlement reduced. The influence of the number of RSM layers on bearing capacity and settlement become almost insignificant beyond three layers of RSM, particularly at low settlement ratios. At a ratio of settlement to plate diameter of 4%, the values of bearing pressure for the installation with one, two, three and four layers of RSM were about 1.26, 1.47, 1.52 and 1.54 times greater, respectively, than that for the unreinforced installation. Layers of the RSM reduced the vertical stress transferred through the foundation depth by distributing the load over a wider area. For example, at an applied footing pressure of 560 kPa, the transferred pressure at a depth of 570 mm was about 58, 45 and 35% for one, two and three layers of RSM, respectively, compared to the transferred stress in the unreinforced bed. By numerical analysis, it was found that the presence of soil-rubber layers resulted in expansion of passive zones in the foundation due to the effectiveness of the confinement provided by the rubber inclusions, and this tends to make the bed deflect less. On the basis of this study, the concept of using multiple RSM layers has not only been shown to improve the performance of foundations under heavy loading, but also, the environmental impacts of waste tires are attenuated by re-using their rubber as part of a composite soil material in civil engineering works

Traits associated with innate and adaptive immunity in pigs: heritability and associations with performance under different health status conditions

There is a need for genetic markers or biomarkers that can predict resistance towards a wide range of infectious diseases, especially within a health environment typical of commercial farms. Such markers also need to be heritable under these conditions and ideally correlate with commercial performance traits. In this study, we estimated the heritabilities of a wide range of immune traits, as potential biomarkers, and measured their relationship with performance within both specific pathogen-free (SPF) and non-SPF environments. Immune traits were measured in 674 SPF pigs and 606 non-SPF pigs, which were subsets of the populations for which we had performance measurements (average daily gain), viz. 1549 SPF pigs and 1093 non-SPF pigs. Immune traits measured included total and differential white blood cell counts, peripheral blood mononuclear leucocyte (PBML) subsets (CD4+ cells, total CD8α+ cells, classical CD8αβ+ cells, CD11R1+ cells (CD8α+ and CD8α-), B cells, monocytes and CD16+ cells) and acute phase proteins (alpha-1 acid glycoprotein (AGP), haptoglobin, C-reactive protein (CRP) and transthyretin). Nearly all traits tested were heritable regardless of health status, although the heritability estimate for average daily gain was lower under non-SPF conditions. There were also negative genetic correlations between performance and the following immune traits: CD11R1+ cells, monocytes and the acute phase protein AGP. The strength of the association between performance and AGP was not affected by health status. However, negative genetic correlations were only apparent between performance and monocytes under SPF conditions and between performance and CD11R1+ cells under non-SPF conditions. Although we cannot infer causality in these relationships, these results suggest a role for using some immune traits, particularly CD11R1+ cells or AGP concentrations, as predictors of pig performance under the lower health status conditions associated with commercial farms

Cyberviolence against women in Slovenia

Spletno nasilje je nova oblika nasilja, ki v zadnjih letih narašča. Danes je to vse pogostejša dejavnost, ki prizadene različne skupine ljudi, med katerimi pa so najbolj izpostavljene osebe ženskega spola, ki so tudi najpogosteje žrtve. Spletno nasilje se nad njimi izvaja vsakodnevno in lahko za seboj pusti hude posledice, ki se s spletnega okolja lahko prenesejo tudi v realni svet. Prav zaradi takšnih razlogov je zelo pomembna pomoč žrtvam in nudenje zaščite. S tem, ko se žrtve počutijo varno, lahko tudi spregovorijo o svojih izkušnjah in s tem pomagajo in opogumijo druge osebe, da se izpovejo. Ženske so žrtve različnih spletnih dejanj, med katerimi so zelo pogosta kazniva dejanja, ki vsebujejo neprimerno spolno vsebino. Velikokrat so prisiljene tudi izvrševati določene dejavnosti, saj jim v primeru upora sledijo grožnje in izsiljevanje. Največkrat pa spletno nasilje izvajajo moški, ki si lastijo občutek moči in nadvlade nad ženskami. Pogosto menijo, da so glavni in da je kibernetski prostor namenjen le njim. Velikokrat želijo ženske izriniti in jih osramotiti. Največkrat pa moškim predstavljajo problem ženske, ki so bolj izobražene in bolj uspešne od njih. Moški storilci se pogosto skrivajo za lažnimi profili, preko katerih izvajajo nasilje. To je zanje nekakšna prednost, ampak se velikokrat ne zavedajo, da se tudi lažne profile da odkriti. Zelo pomembno je tudi, da se žrtvam pomaga na različne načine, za kar skrbijo različne organizacije in osebe. Pomoč pa jim nudijo na različne načine, ki žrtvam olajšajo določene situacije. Velik pomen pred tem, da postanemo žrtve spletnega nasilja, pa imajo tudi najrazličnejši preventivni ukrepi, s katerimi že sami veliko storimo za našo varnost. Pomembno za zaščito pa je tudi, da o dejavnostih, ki jih izvajamo na spletu dobro premislimo in se prepričamo, da je stvar, ki jo želimo izvesti primerna in si to želimo. Važno pa je tudi, da si vzamemo čas in o stvareh dobro premislimo in da podatke delimo le z osebami, katerim zaupamo, ostalim pa omejimo ali preprečimo dostop do njih.Cyber violence is a new form of a violence that occurs in cyber space and grows quickly every day. Today this is a very common activity, that hurts a lot of different groups of people, but the victims who suffer the most are women. Cyber violence against them is occurring every day and it can leave consequences on them, which can be very tough and hurtful and the consequences can also be seen in real world. Because of that it is necessarily to help those victims and give them all the protection they need. With these types of help, we can make them feel safer and protected. Women are victims of different cyber-attacks, but the most common attacks are connected with unappropriated sexual content. In many cases they are forced to perform different activities, because if they do not obey them, they will be punished and blackmailed. The most common cyber attackers are men, who own a feeling of a power. In a lot of cases they think they can overpower women. Usually they have a mind, that they are the most important and are main characters in cyberspace. In a lot of cases they want to embarrass women. Usually the problem for men is higher educated and more successful women, who are threat to them. They want to evict them from cyberspace. Men often create fake social media profiles, from where they perform different attacks. Fake profiles give them a special power and advantage, but sometimes it is not all good things. Even fake profiles can lead police to discover the real persons behind all this. It is very important that different organisations and people help victims and protect them. The help can be provided in many ways and they can make victims feel better. The big meaning have preventive measures, which can help us not to become victims of cyber violence. We can do a lot by ourselves to protect our safety. It is very important that we think twice before we post something online or preform some actions. It is also important that we protect our information and data and not trust everyone

Software tool for planning and diagnostics of sequential algorithms for programmable logic controllers

V delu je opisano programsko orodje Sequencer, ki je namenjeno lažjemu, enostavnejšemu in hitrejšemu pisanju sekvenčnih algoritmov za programirljive logične krmilnike. Na začetku je nekaj besed namenjenih predstavitvi podjetja SMM, d. o. o. Predstavljena in opisana je vsa programska in tudi strojna oprema, ki je bila potrebna za izdelavo dela. Programsko orodje Sequencer je razdeljeno na tri okna, nato pa je vsako okno podrobno opisano. V delu so prikazani tudi ustvarjanje namestitvene datoteke, testiranje in primer uporabe programskega orodja Sequencer.In the work described Sequencer software tool, that is designed for easier, simpler and faster write sequential algorithms for programmable logic controllers. At the beginning, a few words about the company SMM d.o.o. Maribor, in which a master\u27s thesis has been made. It is presented and described all software as well as hardware that was needed to produce assignments. Sequencer software tool is divided into three windows, where each window is described in detail. In the work also shows the creation of the installation file, as well as the testing and example of using the Sequencer software tool

QUADCOPTER CONTROL BY HAPTIC INTERFACE NOVINT FALCON

V delu je opisan kvadrokopter AR.Drone 1.0 proizvajalca Parrot, ki ga vodimo s haptičnim vmesnikom Novint Falcon. Opisana sta tudi haptični vmesnik in potek komuniciranja s kvadrokopterjem prek brezžične komunikacije in uporabe UDP-protokola. Podrobneje so opisani AT-ukazi, uporabljeni za vodenje kvadrokopterja. Predstavljeno je delovanje operacijskega sistema Linux, na katerem je narejeno diplomsko delo. Opisan je program za vodenje kvadrokopterja s haptičnim vmesnikom, podani pa so tudi rezultati njegovega vodenja in testiranja.In the work described quadcopter AR.Drone 1.0 companies Parrot, which is controlled with haptic interface Novint Falcon. Described is also haptic interface and the course of communicating with quadcopter via wireless communications and the use of UDP-protocol. Detailed are described AT-commands used for controlling quadcopter. Presented is the operating system Linux, on which is made graduation work. Described is a program for controlling quadcopter with haptic interface and presents the results of controlling and testing quadcopter

Psychological impact of cults on their members

Beseda kult ima latinski izvor in pomeni čaščenje. Kulti so največkrat združenja ljudi z enakim mišljenjem, ki se zavzemajo za skupen cilj. Kulti se med seboj zelo razlikujejo, vendar imajo kljub temu nekaj skupnih značilnosti, kot so hierarhična ureditev, na vrhu katere je vodja ali šef, in uporaba različnih obredov. Značilna je tudi skrivnostnost, katero poznajo samo člani. Navadno kulti predstavljajo zaprto družbo, ki je dostopna samo članom, širša publika pa nima dostopa do teh skupin. Velikokrat pripadniki uporabljajo različne simbole in znake sporazumevanja, ki jih poznajo le oni. Kulti so se pojavljali že zelo zgodaj v zgodovini in se pojavljajo še danes. Med najbolj znane kulte in sekte bi lahko uvrstili templjarje, iluminate, Sataniste in druge skupine ljudi. Znotraj takšnih skupin so pogoste tudi psihične in fizične zlorabe članov. Vodja velikokrat svoje člane izkorišča, da izpolnijo njegove cilje. Pogoste so tudi razne umske spletke, ki jih uporablja voditelj za dosego ciljev. Člani velikokrat ne vedo, da so žrtve psiholoških trikov, saj imajo mnenje, da to morajo početi in da morajo ubogati svojega voditelja. Zelo pogosta tehnika, ki jo izvajajo vodje na svojih članih, je pranje možganov, s pomočjo katere spremenijo mišljenje svojih pripadnikov. Za kulte je značilno tudi to, da človeka hitro zasvojijo, saj se takšne skupine ljudi družijo vsak dan in to zanje postane že rutina, katere so navajeni in jo težko zapustijo. Za osebe, ki zapustijo kulte je značilno, da se zelo težko vrnejo v prejšnji način življenja in da rabijo veliko časa, da se ponovno privadijo na stari način življenja, ki pa nikoli ni enak tistemu pred vključitvijo. Nekateri člani se v kulte že rodijo in so vanje vključeni celo življenje. Takšne osebe zelo težko razvijejo lastno mnenje o teh skupinah ljudi, saj je to edini način življenja, ki ga poznajo. V kultih, kamor je vključena vsa družina pogosto prihaja do razpada družin, saj so velikokrat zabrisane vloge članov družine. Obstaja kar nekaj zavodov in ustanov, ki pomagajo nekdanjim članom pri vrnitvi v normalno življenje, kar pa je zelo dolg proces. Kljub tej pomoči takšni ljudje nikoli ne bodo več imeli takšnega življenja, kot so ga imeli pred vključitvijo v kult.The word cult has a Latin origin and means worshiping something. Cults are usually groups of people with similar interests and with same goals. There are lots of different cults, but they all have some common elements, which are hierarchy and they all use different rituals during their worship. At the top of the hierarchy is a leader or a boss, who controls his members. These types of groups are also known for their secrecy in groups. In cults members use a lot of symbols and hidden messages for their communication, and only they understand these messages. These groups are only available for their members and are closed for the public. Cults are not something new and typical for these times, because we can also spot them in early history. The most famous cults are probably The Templars, Illuminati, different satanic cults and many others. Inside these groups we can see a lot of different types of abuse. We can see a lot of physical and psychological abuse among members. The leader is usually using his members to follow his ideas and ideals. He forces people to obey his tasks for achieving his goals. Members typically don’t know that they are mentally abused. A very common technique, that a leader uses to get the attention from members is brainwashing, which is very dangerous and has serious consequences on people. With this technique leader gets form members what he wants. And people trust him and they believe in every word he says. A brainwashing changes person’s mentality. Cuts are very addicting and attracting to people. They are addictive because members of cults are hanging with each other every day and they become so used to their company, that they cannot live without it. It became a person’s routine and something they do every day. For people who left the cult is very hard to get back in to their life. They cannot live the life they lived before joining the cult. For them it is very difficult to live in a community without their cult, and they need a lot of time to settle back into their lifestyle. Some people are born into cults and they spend their life in there. They don’t know any other type of life. In cults where whole family is involved sometimes comes to the deconstruction of the families, and family members don’t know their role in family, which is a big problem. Sometimes leaders take the role of parents and people must obey them and call them father or mother. Around the world are some institutes, which help ex cult members to get back into their old lifestyle. It is a very long and hard journey for them. Even with that type of help some people will never have a normal life again