Teoria do fluxo e aprendizagem no contexto brasileiro: uma revisão sistemática de literatura

A teoria do fluxo deriva da psicologia positiva e busca explicar um estado ótimo de consciência do indivíduo. O estado de fluxo proporciona ao sujeito alta concentração e controle na realização de determinada tarefa, certo relaxamento, controle sobre a ansiedade e satisfação, oriunda do estado ótimo de consciência experienciado ao atingir o objetivo proposto pela atividade realizada. Desta forma, este estudo tem por objetivo realizar uma revisão sistemática da literatura para compreender como a teoria do fluxo vem sendo utilizada no contexto da educação e aprendizagem no Brasil. Efetuou-se uma busca por produções nas bases de dados SciELO, Index Psi, LILACS, PePSIC, PsycINFO, Biblioteca Digital Brasileira de Teses e Dissertações (BDTD) e no Portal de Periódicos da Capes. Foram encontrados 260 estudos, dos quais somente cinco atenderam aos critérios de inclusão, a saber, apresentar a teoria do fluxo como tema principal, atrelada à educação e ser um estudo realizado em contexto brasileiro. A partir dos artigos selecionados, foi possível identificar que, no Brasil, a teoria do fluxo vem sendo utilizada no ensino de música, de educação física, de línguas e na engenharia da computação, auxiliando no processo motivacional, incentivando a cooperação, a participação e o engajamento dos professores e alunos nos ambientes de ensino e aprendizagem. Apesar disso, o cenário de publicações nessa área ainda é pequeno.Flow theory derives from Positive Psychology and addresses an individual’s optimal state of conscience Flow state provides the individual high concentration, relaxation, control over anxiety, and satisfaction while performing a certain task, originating from the optimal state of conscience that is experienced when achieving the proposed objective. Thus, this study aims to conduct a systematic literature review to understand how flow theory is being used in the context of education and learning in Brazil. We conducted a search for publications in the databases SciELO, Index Psi, LILACS, PePSIC, PsycINFO, BDTD, and the Capes platform. Two hundred and sixty studies were found, however, only 5 met the inclusion criteria of this study, that is, to present flow theory as the main theme, to be linked to education, and to be a study conducted in Brazil. From the selected articles, it was possible to identify that, in Brazil, flow theory is being used within music, physical education, language and computer engineering teaching. Thus, aiding the motivational process, promoting cooperation, participation and engagement of teachers and students in teaching and learning environments. Despite this, the scenario of publications in this field is still reduced

Multidrug-Resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Southwestern Colombia

Using spoligotyping, we identified 13 genotypes and 17 orphan types among 160 Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates from patients in Valle del Cauca, Colombia. The Beijing genotype represented 15.6% of the isolates and was correlated with multidrug-resistant tuberculosis, female sex of the patients, and residence in Buenaventura and may represent a new public health threat

Identification of New Genes Related to Virulence of Xanthomonas axonopodis Pv. Citri during Citrus Host Interactions

A mutant library of the bacterium Xanthomonas citri subsp. citri strain 306 pathotype A (Xac), the causative agent of most aggressive Asiatic type A citrus canker, was screened regarding altered canker symptoms after inoculations into Citrus sinensis and Citrus limonia host leaves. Twenty-six mutants have shown phenotypic virulence changes and have respectively knocked out gene identified by sequencing. In vivo growth curves were obtained for nine mutants to quantify how the mutations could affect pathogen's adaptability to growth inside and attack host plant infected tissue. Among identified genes in mutated strains, we could find those that until now had not been reported as being involved in Xac adaptation and/or virulence, such as predicted to encode for xylose repressor-like protein (XAC Delta xylR), Fe-S oxidoredutase (XAC Delta aslB), helicase IV (XAC Delta helD), ubiquinol cytochrome c oxidoreductase iron-sulfur subunit (XAC Delta petA), chromosome partitioning protein (XAC Delta parB) and cell division protein FtsB (XAC Delta ftsB), in addition to genes predicted to encode for hypothetical proteins. The new genes found in this study as being relevant to adaptation and virulence, improve the understanding of Xac fitness during citrus plant attack and canker symptoms development.Fundacao de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Sao Paulo-FAPESPCoordenacao de Aperfeicoamento de Pessoal de Nivel Superior-CAPESCNPqFundo de Defesa da Citricultura (FUNDECITRUS)CAPESFUNDECITRUSFAPESPSao Paulo State Univ UNESP, Fac Agr Sci & Vet, Dept Technol, Jaboticabal, SP, BrazilCitriculture Res Ctr Sylvio Moreira IAC Campinas, Campinas, SP, BrazilUniv Fed Ouro Preto, Inst Exact & Biol Sci, Dept Biol Sci, Ouro Preto, MG, BrazilUniv Fed Ouro Preto, Res Ctr Biol Sci NUPEB, Inst Exact & Biol Sci, Dept Biol Sci, Ouro Preto, MG, BrazilSao Paulo State Univ UNESP, Fac Agr Sci & Vet, Plant Hlth Dept, Jaboticabal, SP, BrazilFed Univ Sao Paulo UNIFESP, Dept Biol Sci, Diadema, SP, BrazilFed Univ Sao Paulo UNIFESP, Dept Biol Sci, Diadema, SP, BrazilFAPESP: 04/02006-7Web of Scienc

Proteome of the phytopathogen Xanthomonas citri subsp. citri: a global expression profile

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Citrus canker is a disease caused by <it>Xantomonas citri </it>subsp.<it>citri (Xac)</it>, and has emerged as one of the major threats to the worldwide citrus crop because it affects all commercial citrus varieties, decreases the production and quality of the fruits and can spread rapidly in citrus growing areas. In this work, the first proteome of <it>Xac </it>was analyzed using two methodologies, two-dimensional liquid chromatography (2D LC) and tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS).</p> <p>Results</p> <p>In order to gain insight into the metabolism of <it>Xac</it>, cells were grown on two different media (<b>NB </b>- Nutrient Broth and <b>TSE </b>- Tryptone Sucrose broth enriched with glutamic acid), and proteins were proteolyzed with trypsin and examined by 2D LC-MS/MS. Approximately 39% of all predicted proteins by annotation of <it>Xac </it>were identified with their component peptides unambiguously assigned to tandem mass spectra. The proteins, about 1,100, were distributed in all annotated functional categories.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>This is the first proteomic reference map for the most aggressive strain of <it>Xanthomonas </it>pathogen of all orange varieties. The compilation of metabolic pathways involved with bacterial growth showed that <it>Xac </it>expresses a complete central and intermediary metabolism, replication, transcription and translation machineries and regulation factors, distinct membrane transporters (ABC, MFS and pumps) and receptors (MCP, TonB dependent and metabolites acquisition), two-component systems (sensor and regulatory components) and response regulators. These data corroborate the growth curve <it>in vitro </it>and are the first reports indicating that many of these genome annotated genes are translated into operative in <it>Xac</it>. This proteomic analysis also provided information regarding the influence of culture medium on growth and protein expression of <it>Xac</it>.</p

Influence of seasonality on the quality of oysters from the Sado and Mira rivers

There is a lack of knowledge about the influence of seasonality on the microbial and physicochemical quality of oysters in Sado and Mira rivers. Water, sediment, and oysters (Crassostrea angulata and Crassostrea gigas) were collected for microbiological, nutritional, and sensory analyses. The microbiological water quality and the oyster shell contamination were better during the warmer months. No seasonal effect was observed on sediments and on oyster meat. A good physicochemical and nutritional quality was also observed, with high content of polyunsaturated fatty acids, including omega-3 fatty acids, resulting in good lipid quality indices. From the sensory evaluation, both oysters' species were well scored and presented the highest scores (4) in parameters such as cream-ivory colour, sea smell, firmness and juiciness. These attributes denote the freshness degree at the time of the tasting, reflecting the quality of the bivalve

Proteomics-based identification of differentially abundant proteins reveals adaptation mechanisms of Xanthomonas citri subsp citri during Citrus sinensis infection

Background: Xanthomonas citri subsp. citri (Xac) is the causal agent of citrus canker. A proteomic analysis under in planta infectious and non-infectious conditions was conducted in order to increase our knowledge about the adaptive process of Xac during infection. Results: For that, a 2D-based proteomic analysis of Xac at 1, 3 and 5 days after inoculation, in comparison to Xac growth in NB media was carried out and followed by MALDI-TOF-TOF identification of 124 unique differentially abundant proteins. Among them, 79 correspond to up-regulated proteins in at least one of the three stages of infection. Our results indicate an important role of proteins related to biofilm synthesis, lipopolysaccharides biosynthesis, and iron uptake and metabolism as possible modulators of plant innate immunity, and revealed an intricate network of proteins involved in reactive oxygen species adaptation during Plants'Oxidative Burst response. We also identified proteins previously unknown to be involved in Xac-Citrus interaction, including the hypothetical protein XAC3981. A mutant strain for this gene has proved to be non-pathogenic in respect to classical symptoms of citrus canker induced in compatible plants. Conclusions: This is the first time that a protein repertoire is shown to be active and working in an integrated manner during the infection process in a compatible host, pointing to an elaborate mechanism for adaptation of Xac once inside the plant.Fundacao de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Sao PauloFundacao de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Minas GeraisBIGA grant-CAPESUniv Fed Ouro Preto, Inst Ciencias Exatas & Biol, Dept Ciencias Biol DECBI, Ouro Preto, MG, BrazilUniv Fed Ouro Preto, Nucleo Pesquisas Ciencias Biol NUPEB, Ouro Preto, MG, BrazilUniv Fed Rio de Janeiro, Inst Quim, Dept Bioquim DBq, Rio De Janeiro, RJ, BrazilUniv Estadual Paulista, UNESP, Dept Tecnol, Fac Ciencias Agr & Vet Jaboticabal, Jaboticabal, SP, BrazilUniv Estadual Campinas, UNICAMP, Inst Quim, Campinas, SP, BrazilUniv Sao Paulo, Inst Quim, Dept Bioquim, Sao Paulo, SP, BrazilUniv Fed Sao Paulo UNIFESP, Dept Ciencias Biol, Diadema, SP, BrazilVirginia Tech, Biocomplex Inst, Blacksburg, VA USAUniv Sao Paulo, Inst Quim, Dept Bioquim, Sao Paulo, SP, BrazilUniv Fed Sao Paulo UNIFESP, Dept Ciencias Biol, Diadema, SP, BrazilCAPESFAPESP: 04/02006-7Fundacao de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais: CBB-APQ-04425-10BIGA grant-CAPES: 3385/2013Web of Scienc

A structure-based site-directed mutagenesis study on the neurolysin (EC 3.4.24.16) and thimet oligopeptidase (EC 3.4.24.15) catalysis

Neurolysin (EP24.16) and thimet oligopeptidase (EP24.15) are closely related metalloendopeptidases. Site-directed mutagenesis of Tyr(613) (EP24.16) or Tyr(612) (EP24.15) to either Phe or Ala promoted a strong reduction of k(cat)/K-M for both enzymes. These data suggest the importance of both hydroxyl group and aromatic ring at this specific position during substrate hydrolysis by these peptidases. Furthermore, the EP24.15 A607G mutant showed a k(cat)/K-M of 2x10(5) M-1 s(-1) for the Abz-GFSIFRQ-EDDnp substrate, similar to that of EP24.16 (k(cat)/K-M = 3x10(5) M-1 s(-1)) which contains Gly at the corresponding position; the wild type EP24.15 has a k(cat)/K-M of 2.5x10(4) M-1 s(-1) for this substrate. (C) 2003 Federation of European Biochemical Societies. Published by Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.Univ Mogi das Cruzes, CIIB, BR-08780911 Mogi Das Cruzes, SP, BrazilInst Butantan, CAT, Ctr Toxicol Aplicada, BR-05467010 São Paulo, BrazilUniv São Paulo, Inst Ciencias Biomed, Program Biol Celular, Dept Histol & Embriol, BR-05508900 São Paulo, BrazilUniversidade Federal de São Paulo, Dept Biofis, BR-04044020 São Paulo, BrazilUniversidade Federal de São Paulo, Dept Biofis, BR-04044020 São Paulo, BrazilWeb of Scienc