608 research outputs found
A longitudinal implementation evaluation of a physical activity program for cancer survivors: LIVESTRONG(R) at the YMCA
Purpose: Increased physical activity (PA) levels in cancer survivors are associated with decreased risk of recurrence and mortality as well as additional positive health outcomes. PA interventions have shown to be efficacious, though many lack translation to and sustainability in community settings. We used dimensions of the RE-AIM framework to evaluate LIVESTRONG(R) at the YMCA, a nation-wide community-based PA program for cancer survivors delivered at Ys.
Methods: This was a longitudinal study design using national LIVESTRONG at the YMCA data compiled between 2010 and 2018. Data is from all YMCAs who deliver LIVESTRONG at the YMCA, submitted by Program Directors to the YMCA-USA. We assessed reach (number of participants), adoption (associations offering the program), implementation (conducting 3 fidelity checks), and organizational level maintenance (associations recently offering program). We also examined relationships between organizational characteristics (years of program existence and association area household income) and program implementation factors with member conversion rates.
Results: As of 2018, LIVESTRONG at the YMCA has reached 62,044 survivors and 245 of the 840 (29.2%) of Y associations have adopted the program. Among the adopters, 91% were aware of fidelity checks; implementation of observational (62.3%), goal setting (49.9%), and functional (64.6%) checklists varied. Most (95.1%) adopters reported offering \u3e /= 1 LIVESTRONG session per year (organizational-level maintenance) and a facility-level mean membership conversion percentage of 46.9 +/- 31.2%. Fewer years implementing the program and higher association area household income were significantly associated with a greater membership conversion rate vs their comparison. In a multiple regression model controlling for organizational characteristics, conducting the fidelity checks independently (observational, beta = 8.41; goal-setting, beta = 9.70; and functional, beta = 9.61) and collectively (beta = 10.82; 95% CI 5.90-16.80) was positively associated with higher membership conversion rates.
Conclusions: LIVESTRONG at the YMCA, in its early years, has shown promise for high reach, while adoption at more associations could be facilitated. Implementing fidelity checks along with organizational characteristics were associated with membership conversion rate. Identification of association-level strategies to increase reach, adoption, implementation, and maintenance may increase the impact of this community-based PA program
HerMES: the rest-frame UV emission and a lensing model for the z= 6.34 luminous dusty starburst galaxy HFLS3
We discuss the rest-frame ultraviolet emission from the starbursting galaxy HFLS3 at a redshift of 6.34. The galaxy was discovered in Herschel/SPIRE data due to its red color in the submillimeter wavelengths from 250 to 500 ÎŒm. Keck/NIRC2 K s -band adaptive optics imaging data showed two potential near-IR counterparts near HFLS3. Previously, the northern galaxy was taken to be in the foreground at z = 2.1, while the southern galaxy was assumed to be HFLS3's near-IR counterpart. The recently acquired Hubble/WFC3 and Advanced Camera for Surveys (ACS) imaging data show conclusively that both optically bright galaxies are in the foreground at z < 6. A new lensing model based on the Hubble imaging data and the millimeter-wave continuum emission yields a magnification factor of 2.2 ± 0.3, with a 95% confidence upper limit on the magnification of 3.5. When corrected for lensing, the instantaneous star formation rate is 1320 M â yrâ1, with the 95% confidence lower limit around 830 M â yrâ1. The dust and stellar masses of HFLS3 from the same spectral energy distribution (SED) models are at the level of 3 Ă 108 M â and ~5 Ă 1010 M â, respectively, with large systematic uncertainties on assumptions related to the SED model. With Hubble/WFC3 images, we also find diffuse near-IR emission about 0.5 arcsec (~3 kpc) to the southwest of HFLS3 that remains undetected in the ACS imaging data. The emission has a photometric redshift consistent with either z ~ 6 or a dusty galaxy template at z ~ 2
Environment of the submillimeter-bright massive starburst HFLS3 at 6.34
We describe the search for Lyman-break galaxies (LBGs) near the
sub-millimeter bright starburst galaxy HFLS3 at 6.34 and a study on the
environment of this massive galaxy during the end of reionization.We performed
two independent selections of LBGs on images obtained with the \textit{Gran
Telescopio Canarias} (GTC) and the \textit{Hubble Space Telescope} (HST) by
combining non-detections in bands blueward of the Lyman-break and color
selection. A total of 10 objects fulfilling the LBG selection criteria at
5.5 were selected over the 4.54 and 55.5 arcmin covered by our HST
and GTC images, respectively. The photometric redshift, UV luminosity, and the
star-formation rate of these sources were estimated with models of their
spectral energy distribution. These 6 candidates have physical
properties and number densities in agreement with previous results. The UV
luminosity function at 6 and a Voronoi tessellation analysis of this
field shows no strong evidence for an overdensity of relatively bright objects
(m25.9) associated with \textit{HFLS3}. However, the over-density
parameter deduced from this field and the surface density of objects can not
excluded definitively the LBG over-density hypothesis. Moreover we identified
three faint objects at less than three arcseconds from \textit{HFLS3} with
color consistent with those expected for 6 galaxies. Deeper data are
needed to confirm their redshifts and to study their association with
\textit{HFLS3} and the galaxy merger that may be responsible for the massive
starburst.Comment: 14 pages, 12 figures, accepted for publication in Ap
Differences in clinical presentation of primary open-angle glaucoma between African and European populations
PURPOSE: Primary openâangle glaucoma (POAG) has been reported to occur more frequently in Africans, and to follow a more severe course compared to Europeans. We aimed to describe characteristics of POAG presentation and treatment across three ethnic groups from Africa and one from Europe. METHODS: We ascertained 151 POAG patients from South African Coloured (SAC) and 94 South African Black (SAB) ethnicity from a university hospital in South Africa. In Tanzania, 310 patients were recruited from a university hospital and a referral hospital. In the Netherlands, 241 patients of European ancestry were included. All patients were over 35 years old and had undergone an extensive ophthalmic examination. Patients were diagnosed according to the ISGEO criteria. A biogeographic ancestry analysis was performed to estimate the proportion of genetic African ancestry (GAA). RESULTS: The biogeographic ancestry analysis showed that the median proportion of GAA was 97.6% in Tanzanian, 100% in SAB, 34.2% in SAC and 1.5% in Dutch participants. Clinical characteristics at presentation for Tanzanians, SAB, SAC and Dutch participants, respectively: mean age: 63, 57, 66, 70 years (p < 0.001); visual acuity in the worse eye: 1.78, 1.78, 0.3, 0.3 LogMAR (p < 0.001); maximum intraocular pressure of both eyes: 36, 34, 29, 29 mmHg (p (anova)  < 0.001); maximum vertical cup to disc ratio (VCDR) of both eyes: 0.90, 0.90, 0.84, 0.83 (p < 0.001); mean central corneal thickness: 506, 487, 511, 528 Όm (p < 0.001). Fourteen percent of Tanzanian patients presented with blindness (<3/60 Snellen) in the better eye in contrast to only 1% in the Dutch. CONCLUSION: In this multiâethnic comparative study, SubâSaharan Africans present at a younger age with lower visual acuity, higher IOP, larger VCDR, than SAC and Dutch participants. This indicates the more progressive and destructive course in SubâSaharan Africans
The Herschel Multi-tiered Extragalactic Survey: HerMES
The Herschel Multi-tiered Extragalactic Survey, HerMES, is a legacy program
designed to map a set of nested fields totalling ~380 deg^2. Fields range in
size from 0.01 to ~20 deg^2, using Herschel-SPIRE (at 250, 350 and 500 \mu m),
and Herschel-PACS (at 100 and 160 \mu m), with an additional wider component of
270 deg^2 with SPIRE alone. These bands cover the peak of the redshifted
thermal spectral energy distribution from interstellar dust and thus capture
the re-processed optical and ultra-violet radiation from star formation that
has been absorbed by dust, and are critical for forming a complete
multi-wavelength understanding of galaxy formation and evolution.
The survey will detect of order 100,000 galaxies at 5\sigma in some of the
best studied fields in the sky. Additionally, HerMES is closely coordinated
with the PACS Evolutionary Probe survey. Making maximum use of the full
spectrum of ancillary data, from radio to X-ray wavelengths, it is designed to:
facilitate redshift determination; rapidly identify unusual objects; and
understand the relationships between thermal emission from dust and other
processes. Scientific questions HerMES will be used to answer include: the
total infrared emission of galaxies; the evolution of the luminosity function;
the clustering properties of dusty galaxies; and the properties of populations
of galaxies which lie below the confusion limit through lensing and statistical
techniques.
This paper defines the survey observations and data products, outlines the
primary scientific goals of the HerMES team, and reviews some of the early
results.Comment: 23 pages, 17 figures, 9 Tables, MNRAS accepte
Infant lung function tests as endpoints in the ISIS multicenter clinical trial in cystic fibrosis
The Infant Study of Inhaled Saline (ISIS) in CF was the first multicenter clinical trial to utilize infant pulmonary function tests (iPFTs) as an endpoint
Lung function in children with cystic fibrosis in the USA and UK: a comparative longitudinal analysis of national registry data
RATIONALE: A previous analysis found significantly higher lung function in the US paediatric cystic fibrosis (CF) population compared with the UK with this difference apparently decreasing in adolescence and adulthood. However, the cross-sectional nature of the study makes it hard to interpret these results. OBJECTIVES: To compare longitudinal trajectories of lung function in children with CF between the USA and UK and to explore reasons for any differences. METHODS: We used mixed effects regression analysis to model lung function trajectories in the study populations. Using descriptive statistics, we compared early growth and nutrition (height, weight, body mass index), infections (Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus) and treatments (rhDnase, hypertonic saline, inhaled antibiotics). RESULTS: We included 9463 children from the USA and 3055 children from the UK with homozygous F508del genotype. Lung function was higher in the USA than in the UK when first measured at age six and remained higher throughout childhood. We did not find important differences in early growth and nutrition, or P.aeruginosa infection. Prescription of rhDNase and hypertonic saline was more common in the USA. Inhaled antibiotics were prescribed at similar levels in both countries, but Tobramycin was prescribed more in the USA and colistin in the UK. S. aureus infection was more common in the USA than the UK. CONCLUSIONS: Children with CF and homozygous F508del genotype in the USA had better lung function than UK children. These differences do not appear to be explained by early growth or nutrition, but differences in the use of early treatments need further investigation
Longest Common Prefixes with -Errors and Applications
Although real-world text datasets, such as DNA sequences, are far from being
uniformly random, average-case string searching algorithms perform
significantly better than worst-case ones in most applications of interest. In
this paper, we study the problem of computing the longest prefix of each suffix
of a given string of length over a constant-sized alphabet that occurs
elsewhere in the string with -errors. This problem has already been studied
under the Hamming distance model. Our first result is an improvement upon the
state-of-the-art average-case time complexity for non-constant and using
only linear space under the Hamming distance model. Notably, we show that our
technique can be extended to the edit distance model with the same time and
space complexities. Specifically, our algorithms run in time on average using space. We show that our
technique is applicable to several algorithmic problems in computational
biology and elsewhere
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