Análise do comportamento do indicador da arroba do boi gordo LAPBOV/UFPR e formação de índice de paridade de janeiro de 2014 à janeiro de 2015

Orientador : João Batista Padilha juniorMonografia (especialização) - Universidade Federal do Paraná, Setor de Ciências Agrárias, Curso de Especialização em MBA em Gestão do Agronegócio.Inclui referência

Evolutionary history of the SARS-CoV-2 Gamma variant of concern (P.1): a perfect storm

Our goal was to describe in more detail the evolutionary history of Gamma and two derived lineages (P.1.1 and P.1.2), which are part of the arms race that SARS-CoV-2 wages with its host. A total of 4,977 sequences of the Gamma strain of SARS-CoV-2 from Brazil were analyzed. We detected 194 sites under positive selection in 12 genes/ORFs: Spike, N, M, E, ORF1a, ORF1b, ORF3, ORF6, ORF7a, ORF7b, ORF8, and ORF10. Some diagnostic sites for Gamma lacked a signature of positive selection in our study, but these were not fixed, apparently escaping the action of purifying selection. Our network analyses revealed branches leading to expanding haplotypes with sites under selection only detected when P.1.1 and P.1.2 were considered. The P.1.2 exclusive haplotype H_5 originated from a non-synonymous mutational step (H3509Y) in H_1 of ORF1a. The selected allele, 3509Y, represents an adaptive novelty involving ORF1a of P.1. Finally, we discuss how phenomena such as epistasis and antagonistic pleiotropy could limit the emergence of new alleles (and combinations thereof) in SARS-COV-2 lineages, maintaining infectivity in humans, while providing rapid response capabilities to face the arms race triggered by host immuneresponses

El recien nacido con dolor: el papel del equipo de enfermeria

It's a quantitative, descriptive and cross study conducted with the nurse team working in the field of neonatology at the three hospitals, Alfenas-MG. Aimed to describe the forms of pain assessment of the newborn used by nurse team and analyze the practice of nursing as pain management of neonates. Data were collected through a semi-structured formulary, from August to September 2008, of 42 nurses working. The analyze was performed using SPSS software using descriptive statistics and correlation test. It was observed that the respondents recognize that the newborn is capable of feeling pain and evaluated by physiological and behavioral changes and that there isn't pain assessment scales standardized in the institutions. For the management, carry out pharmacological and nonpharmacological interventions. There is need to train professionals contributing to the assessment and management of pain, promoting of holistic care of the neonate.Estudio cuantitativo, descriptivo y transversal realizado con profesionales de Enfermería que actúan en el área de Neonatología en los tres hospitales de Alfenas, Minas Gerais. Se objetivó describir las formas de evaluación del dolor del recién nacido utilizados por el personal de enfermería y analizar la práctica de la enfermería como el manejo del dolor del neonato. La recolección de datos fue hecha por medio de un formulario semiestructurado, entre agosto y septiembre de 2008, con 42 profesionales. El análisis fue hecho con el software SPSS, utilizando la estadística descriptiva y la prueba de correlación. Los entrevistados reconocen que el neonato es capaz de sentir dolor y esto se evalúa a través de alteraciones fisiológicas y de comportamiento, no hay utilización de escalas de evaluación del dolor estandarizadas en las instituciones. Para el manejo, realizan intervenciones farmacológicas y no farmacológicas. Hay necesidad de capacitar profesionales contribuyendo para la evaluación y manejo del dolor, para la promoción del cuidado integral al neonato.Estudo quantitativo, descritivo e transversal realizado com profissionais de enfermagem que atuam em neonatologia nos três hospitais de Alfenas-MG. Objetivou descrever as formas de avaliação de dor do recém-nascido utilizadas pela equipe de enfermagem e analisar a prática da enfermagem quanto ao manejo da dor do neonato. A coleta de dados foi feita por meio de formulário semiestruturado, de agosto a setembro de 2008, com 42 profissionais. A análise foi feita pelo software SPSS utilizando estatística descritiva e teste de correlação. Os entrevistados acreditam que o recém-nascido é capaz de sentir dor e a avaliam por meio de alterações fisiológicas e comportamentais, e que não há utilização de escalas de avaliação álgica padronizadas nas instituições. Para o manejo, realizam intervenções farmacológicas e não farmacológicas. Há necessidade de capacitar os profissionais, contribuindo para a avaliação e o manejo da dor, e promovendo o cuidado integral ao neonato.Universidade de São Paulo Escola de Enfermagem de Ribeirao Preto Departamento de Enfermagem Materno-infantil e Saude PublicaUniversidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP) Departamento de Enfermagem Pediatrica Escola Paulista de EnfermagemUniversidade Federal de Alfenas Escola de Enfermagem Programa de Pos-graduacao em EnfermagemUniversidade de São Paulo Escola de Enfermagem de Ribeirao Preto Departamento de Enfermagem Geral e EspecializadaUniversidade Federal de Alfenas Escola de EnfermagemPrograma de Pos-graduacao em Enfermagem Programa de Pos-graduacao em EnfermagemEscola de Enfermagem Escola de EnfermagemUniversidade de São PauloUNIFESP, Depto. de Enfermagem Pediatrica Escola Paulista de Enfermagem (EPE)SciEL

Estudo anatomico do ligamento popliteo obliquo

OBJECTIVE:To study the anatomy of the oblique popliteal ligament, as regards its dimensions, expansion and anatomical relationships.METHODS:Eleven cadaver knees were dissected in order to study the anatomy and take mea-surements of anatomical structures and relationships of the oblique popliteal ligament. The dissection was for posterior access to the proper exposure of the oblique popliteal ligament, the semimembranosus muscle and its expansions. For measurement of dimensions, 40 × 12 needles were used for marking the specific points and a caliper. The angles were calculated using the software ImagePro Plus(r) .RESULTS:The distance from the origin of the oblique popliteal ligament to the tibial plateau was 7.4 mm, the thickness at its origin was 7.3 mm, length was 33.6 mm and the tibial plateau angle 34.8°. The length of the expansion of the proximal oblique popliteal ligament was 39.2 mm, thickness 7.8 mm and angle of the oblique popliteal ligament with its expansion 32.2°.CONCLUSION:The oblique popliteal ligament is thick, rises in the semimembranosus and protrudes proximally forming an acute angle with the joint interline, crossing the popliteal fossa. In some cases it has a proximal expansion.OBJETIVO:Estudar a anatomia do ligamento poplíteo oblíquo no que se refere às suas dimensões, expansões e relações anatômicas.MÉTODOS:Onze joelhos de cadáveres foram dissecados com o intuito de se estudar a anatomia e fazer medições das estruturas e das relações anatômicas do ligamento poplíteo oblíquo. A dissecção foi por acesso posterior até a exposição adequada do ligamento poplíteo oblíquo, do músculo semimembranoso e de suas expansões. Para aferição das medidas, foram usados agulhas 40x12 na marcação dos pontos específicos e um paquímetro. Os ângulos foram calculados com o auxílio do software ImagePro Plus(r).RESULTADOS:A distância da origem do ligamento poplíteo oblíquo ao platô tibial foi de 7,4 mm, a espessura na sua origem foi de 7,3 mm, o comprimento foi de 33,6 mm e o ângulo com o platô tibial foi de 34,8°. O comprimento da expansão proximal do ligamento poplíteo oblíquo foi de 39,2 mm, a espessura foi de 7,8 mm e o ângulo do ligamento poplíteo oblíquo com sua expansão foi de 32,2°.CONCLUSÃO:O ligamento poplíteo oblíquo é espesso, nasce no músculo semimembranoso, projeta-se proximalmente, forma um ângulo agudo com a interlinha articular e cruza a fossa poplítea. Em alguns casos apresenta uma expansão proximal.Universidade Federal do ParanaUniversidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP) Escola Paulista de MedicinaPontificia Universidade Catolica do ParanaUNIFESP, EPMSciEL

PERFIS HEMATOLÓGICOS, BIOQUÍMICOS E PROTEÍNA PLASMÁTICA TOTAL DE GATOS INFECTADOS COM O VÍRUS DA LEUCEMIA FELINA

A leucemia viral felina (FeLV) é causada por um retrovírus E pode provocar várias alterações no organismo, como distúrbios de proliferação celular (linfoma ou doenças mieloproliferativas) e de supressão celular (imunodeficiência e mielosupressão). Considerando a importância dos resultados laboratoriais no diagnóstico, avaliação clínica e determinação do prognóstico de gatos infectados, os objetivos do estudo foram descrever as alterações hematológicas, bioquímicas e de proteína plasmática total de gatos infectados com o vírus da leucemia. Foram coletadas amostras de sangue de 48 gatos infectados com FeLV e avaliados os valores de hematócrito, hemoglobina, contagem de hemácias, leucócitos, plaquetas, análise citomorfológica e contagem diferencial de leucócitos e proteína plasmática total. Os valores de alanina aminotransferase (ALT), gama-glutamiltransferase (GGT), ureia e creatinina também foram avaliados. A linfopenia foi a alteração hematológica mais comum, em 31,25% dos gatos, seguida pela presença de linfócitos reativos ou atípicos (27,1%). Houve  anemia em 16,66% dos gatos; leucocitose em 16,66%; leucopenia em 14,58%; linfocitose em 8,33%, monocitose em 14,58%, eosinofilia em 4,17%, neutrofilia em 16,66%, neutropenia em 16,66%, desvio nuclear de neutrófilos à esquerda em 14,58% e presença de neutrófilos tóxicos em 16,66%. No perfil bioquímico, em 3,16% dos animais verificou-se azotemia; no perfil hepático, as alterações foram: aumento da GGT em 18,52%, aumento da ALT em 33,33% e aumento de ambas em 7,40%. No presente estudo, constatou-se que em 78,95% dos animais houve alguma alteração no hemograma. O estudo ressalta a importância do hemograma no diagnóstico, monitoramento e determinação do prognóstico de gatos infectados com FeLV

IMPACT OF ROUX-EN-Y GASTRIC BYPASS SURGERY (RYGB) ON METABOLIC SYNDROME COMPONENTS AND ON THE USE OF ASSOCIATED DRUGS IN OBESE PATIENTS

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND The prevalence of obesity and metabolic syndrome is increasing worldwide and both behavior modification and drug therapy have low adherence. Gastric bypass has shown effective results in both reducing weight and improving comorbidities. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the impact of Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass Surgery (RYGB) on both metabolic syndrome components and the use of associated drugs in obese patients. METHODS Historical cohort of patients subjected to Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass Surgery (RYGB) between January 2007 and March 2014 in a private clinic. The sample consisted of 273 obese class II and III individuals, 86.4% of whom were female, with age ≥20 years, followed up for 2 months after surgery. Sociodemographic, anthropometric, biochemical, clinical, and drug-use data were collected from patients’ medical records. RESULTS Significant differences were found in weight, body mass index and waist circumference, after 60 postoperative days. Components for metabolic syndrome diagnosis (hypertension P=0.001; hyperglycemia P<0.001; hypertriglyceridemia P=0.006) were reduced after 60 days of postoperative, with the exception HDL-c (P=0.083). There was a significant reduction in the use of antihypertensive (P<0.001), hypoglycemic (P=0.013), lipid lowering (P<0.001), and antiobesity (P=0.010) drugs and increased use of gastroprotective drugs, vitamins, and minerals (P<0.001) after 60 postoperative days. CONCLUSION Patients subjected to Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass Surgery exhibited both weight loss and significant improvement not only in metabolic syndrome components (except for HDL-c) but in the use of drugs associated with obesity and metabolic syndrome

Genetic parameters for faecal egg count, packed-cell volume and body-weight in Santa Inês lambs

Worm infection is one of the main factors responsible for economic losses in sheep breeding in Brazil. Random regression analysis was used to estimate genetic parameters for the factors faecal egg-count (FEC), packed-cell volume (PCV) and body weight (BW) in Santa Inês lambs. Data from 119 female, offspring of nine rams, were collected between December, 2005 and December, 2006, from the experimental flock of Embrapa Tabuleiros Costeiros, the Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation located in Frei Paulo, SE, Brazil. After weaning, females were drenched until the faecal egg count had dropped to zero. Two natural challenges were undertaken. FEC heritability was extremely variable, this increasing from 0.04 to 0.27 in the first challenge and from 0.01 to 0.52 during the second. PCV heritability peaks were 0.31 and 0.12 in the first and second challenges, respectively. In the second challenge, BW heritability was close to 0.90. The genetic correlations among these traits did not differ from zero. There is the possibility of increasing parasite resistance in Santa Inês by selecting those animals with lower FEC. Selection to increase resistance will not adversely affect lamb-growth, although lambs with a slow growth-rate may be more susceptible to infection

Characterization of the genetic diversity of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in São Paulo city, Brazil

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Tuberculosis is a major health problem in São Paulo, Brazil, which is the most populous and one of the most cosmopolitan cities in South America. To characterize the genetic diversity of <it>Mycobacterium tuberculosis </it>in the population of this city, the genotyping techniques of spoligotyping and MIRU were applied to 93 isolates collected in two consecutive years from 93 different tuberculosis patients residing in São Paulo city and attending the Clemente Ferreira Institute (the reference clinic for the treatment of tuberculosis).</p> <p>Findings</p> <p>Spoligotyping generated 53 different spoligotype patterns. Fifty-one isolates (54.8%) were grouped into 13 spoligotyping clusters. Seventy- two strains (77.4%) showed spoligotypes described in the international databases (SpolDB4, SITVIT), and 21 (22.6%) showed unidentified patterns. The most frequent spoligotype families were Latin American Mediterranean (LAM) (26 isolates), followed by the T family (24 isolates) and Haarlem (H) (11 isolates), which together accounted for 65.4% of all the isolates. These three families represent the major genotypes found in Africa, Central America, South America and Europe. Six Spoligo-International-types (designated SITs by the database) comprised 51.8% (37/72) of all the identified spoligotypes (SIT53, SIT50, SIT42, SIT60, SIT17 and SIT1). Other SITs found in this study indicated the great genetic diversity of <it>M. tuberculosis</it>, reflecting the remarkable ethnic diversity of São Paulo city inhabitants. The MIRU technique was more discriminatory and did not identify any genetic clusters with 100% similarity among the 93 isolates. The allelic analysis showed that MIRU loci 26, 40, 23 and 10 were the most discriminatory. When MIRU and spoligotyping techniques were combined, all isolates grouped in the 13 spoligotyping clusters were separated.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>Our data indicated the genomic stability of over 50% of spoligotypes identified in São Paulo and the great genetic diversity of <it>M. tuberculosis </it>isolates in the remaining SITs, reflecting the large ethnic mix of the São Paulo city inhabitants. The results also indicated that in this city, <it>M. tuberculosis </it>isolates acquired drug resistance independently of genotype and that resistance was more dependent on the selective pressure of treatment failure and the environmental circumstances of patients.</p