A Logic with Reverse Modalities for History-preserving Bisimulations

We introduce event identifier logic (EIL) which extends Hennessy-Milner logic by the addition of (1) reverse as well as forward modalities, and (2) identifiers to keep track of events. We show that this logic corresponds to hereditary history-preserving (HH) bisimulation equivalence within a particular true-concurrency model, namely stable configuration structures. We furthermore show how natural sublogics of EIL correspond to coarser equivalences. In particular we provide logical characterisations of weak history-preserving (WH) and history-preserving (H) bisimulation. Logics corresponding to HH and H bisimulation have been given previously, but not to WH bisimulation (when autoconcurrency is allowed), as far as we are aware. We also present characteristic formulas which characterise individual structures with respect to history-preserving equivalences.Comment: In Proceedings EXPRESS 2011, arXiv:1108.407

Blueberry Advisory Committee Research Report

The 1984 edition of the Blueberry Progress Reports was prepared for the Maine Blueberry Commission and the University of Maine Blueberry Advisory Committee by researchers with the Maine Agricultural Experiment Station and Maine Cooperative Extension Service at the University of Maine, Orono. Projects in this report include: 1. Control, biology, and ecology of insects affecting lowbush blueberries . 2. Chemical control of mummyberry disease (Monilinia vaccinii-corymbosi) 3. New Fungicides for control of Botrytis blossom blight 4. Nutritional survey of selected lowbush blueberry fields 5. Interaction of fertility and pruning practices on soil characteristics and lowbush blueberry growth and yield 6. Long term effects of N and NPK fertilizer on plant growth and yield 7. The effect of N fertilization on clonal spread 8. Nutritional responses of the lowbush blueberry in new plantings as related to early establishment 9. The effect of several mulches on frost heaving, soil moisture, soil temperature and rhizome development 10. Effectiveness of mulches and planted lowbush blueberry seedlings for stabilizing soils and increasing plant cover 11. Effect of surface mulches on stabilizing lowbush blueberry soil in barren areas 12. Frequency of fertility application for establishment of lowbush blueberry seedlings 13. Slow release vs liquid fertilizer for establishment of lowbush blueberry seedlings 14. Comparison of rooted cuttings and tissue culture propagated lowbush blueberry plants 15. The effect of growth regulator formulations on growth and rhizome production of the lowbush blueberry 16. Unburned, mowed fields 17. Blueberry concentrate 18. Blueberry product development 19. Dehydrated blueberries 20. Low-calorie blueberry jellies 21. Hexazinone and terbacil mixture for weed control 22. Hexazinone and atrazine mixture for weed control 23. Effect of hexazinone and nitrogen or nitrogen-phosphorus fertilizer on lowbush blueberry plants 24. Hand-wiper applications of herbicides on birch, maple and willow 25. Glyphosate applied after leaf drop for bunchberry control 26. Napropamide for seedling weed control 27. PP333 plant growth regulator 28. Dichlobenil for bunchberry control 29. Effect of hexazinone on weed and blueberry populations 30. Fluazifop-butyl for grass control 31. Hand-wiping and cutting treatments for dogbane 32. Evaluation of airblast sprayer application of asulam for bracken fern control 33. Evaluation of spot treatment of woody weeds with 2,4-D in oil 34. Steam heat as a control of mummyberry diseas

Blueberry Advisory Committee Research Report

The 1985 edition of the Blueberry Progress Reports was prepared for the Maine Blueberry Commission and the University of Maine Blueberry Advisory Committee by researchers with the Maine Agricultural Experiment Station and Maine Cooperative Extension Service at the University of Maine, Orono. Projects in this report include: 1. Control of secondary blueberry pest insects 2. Effect of pruning practices on blueberry insect abundance 3. Effect of hexazinone on species distribution in lowbush blueberry fields 4. Dichlobenil for control of bunchberry 5. Evaluation of postemergence herbicides for grass control 6. Hand-wiper applications of herbicides on woody weeds 7. Evaluation of steam as a pruning practice for lowbush blueberry fields 8. Evaluation of glyphosate and 2,4-D applied with a commercial weed roller to control woody weeds 9. Hand-wiping and cutting treatments for dogbane 9. Evaluation of airblast-sprayer application of asulam for bracken fern control 10. Spot treatment of woody weeds with 2,4-D in oil 11. Chemical control of Botrytis blossom blight 12. Evaluation of preliminary steam treatments (1984) at Blueberry Hill Farm 13. Long term effects of N and NPK fertilizer on plant growth and yield 14. Nutritional survey of selected lowbush blueberry fields 15. Interaction of fertility and pruning practices on soil characteristics and lowbush blueberry growth and yield 16. Frequency of fertility application for establishment of lowbush blueberry seedlings 17. Slow release vs. liquid fertilizer for establishment of lowbush blueberry seedlings 18. The effect of several mulches on frost heaving, soil moisture, soil temperature and rhizome development 19. Blueberry product development: raisin-type blueberries 20. Blueberry product development: blueberry puree 21. Addendum: 1985 Report from Moody Trevet

Blueberry Progress Reports

The 1982 edition of the Blueberry Progress Reports was prepared for the Maine Blueberry Commission and the University of Maine Blueberry Advisory Committee by researchers with the Maine Life Sciences and Agriculture Experiment Station and Maine Cooperative Extension Service at the University of Maine, Orono. Projects in this report include: 1. Introduction 2. Blueberry IPM Program 3. Guthion Drift Study 4. Control, Biology, and Ecology of Insects 5. Blueberry Diseases: Incidence and Control 6. Physiology and Culture of the Lowbush Blueberry 7. Weed Control in Lowbush Blueberries 8. Pruning Blueberrie

Individual variation in hunger, energy intake and ghrelin responses to acute exercise

Purpose: To characterise the immediate and extended impact of acute exercise on hunger, energy intake and circulating acylated ghrelin concentrations using a large dataset of homogenous experimental trials; and to describe the variation in responses between individuals. Methods: Data from 17 of our group’s experimental crossover trials were aggregated yielding a total sample of 192 young, healthy, males. In these studies, single bouts of moderate to high-intensity aerobic exercise (69 ± 5% VO2 peak; mean ± SD) were completed with detailed participant assessments occurring during and for several hours post-exercise. Mean hunger ratings were determined during (n = 178) and after (n = 118) exercise from visual analogue scales completed at 30 min intervals whilst ad libitum energy intake was measured within the first hour after exercise (n = 60) and at multiple meals (n = 128) during the remainder of trials. Venous concentrations of acylated ghrelin were determined at strategic time points during (n = 118) and after (n = 89) exercise. Results: At group-level, exercise transiently suppressed hunger (P < 0.010; Cohen’s d = 0.77) but did not affect energy intake. Acylated ghrelin was suppressed during exercise (P < 0.001; Cohen’s d = 0.10) and remained significantly lower than control (no exercise) afterwards (P < 0.024; Cohen’s d = 0.61). Between participants, there were notable differences in responses however a large proportion of this spread lay within the boundaries of normal variation associated with biological and technical assessment error. Conclusion: In young men, acute exercise suppresses hunger and circulating acylated ghrelin concentrations with notable diversity between individuals. Care must be taken to distinguish true inter-individual variation from random differences within normal limits

Blueberry Progress Reports

The 1983 edition of the Blueberry Progress Reports was prepared for the Maine Blueberry Commission and the University of Maine Blueberry Advisory Committee by researchers with the Maine Agricultural Experiment Station and Maine Cooperative Extension Service at the University of Maine, Orono. Projects in this report include: 1. Introduction 2. Forest Tent Caterpillar in Blueberries 3. Control, Biology, and Ecology of Insects Affecting Lowbush Blueberries 4. Blueberry Diseases: Incidence and Control 5. Physiology and Culture of the Lowbush Blueberry 6. Weed Control in Lowbush Blueberry Fields 7. Product Development of Lowbush Blueberrie

Weak Sequential Composition in Process Algebras

n this paper we study a special operator for sequential composition, which is defined relative to a dependency relation over the actions of a given system. The idea is that actions which are not dependent (intuitively because they share no common resources) do not have to wait for one another to proceed, even if they are composed sequentially. Such a notion has been studied before in a linear-time setting, but until recently there has been no systematic investigation in the context of process algebras. We give a structural operational semantics for a process algebraic language containing such a sequential composition operator, which shows some interesting interplay with choice. We give a complete axiomatisation of strong bisimilarity and we show consistency of the operational semantics with an event-based denotational semantics developed recently by the second author. The axiom system allows to derive the communication closed layers law, which in the linear time setting has been shown to be a very useful instrument in correctness preserving transformations. We conclude with a couple of examples

First results from the Cassini radio occultations of the Titan ionosphere

Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/95691/1/jgra19260.pd

African tropical rainforest net carbon dioxide fluxes in the twentieth century

The African humid tropical biome constitutes the second largest rainforest region, significantly impacts global carbon cycling and climate, and has undergone major changes in functioning owing to climate and land-use change over the past century. We assess changes and trends in CO2 fluxes from 1901 to 2010 using nine land surface models forced with common driving data, and depict the inter-model variability as the uncertainty in fluxes. The biome is estimated to be a natural (no disturbance) net carbon sink (−0.02 kg C m−2 yr−1 or −0.04 Pg C yr−1, p < 0.05) with increasing strength fourfold in the second half of the century. The models were in close agreement on net CO2 flux at the beginning of the century (σ1901 = 0.02 kg C m−2 yr−1), but diverged exponentially throughout the century (σ2010 = 0.03 kg C m−2 yr−1). The increasing uncertainty is due to differences in sensitivity to increasing atmospheric CO2, but not increasing water stress, despite a decrease in precipitation and increase in air temperature. However, the largest uncertainties were associated with the most extreme drought events of the century. These results highlight the need to constrain modelled CO2 fluxes with increasing atmospheric CO2 concentrations and extreme climatic events, as the uncertainties will only amplify in the next century