Исследование зон усталостного разрушения шнеков

Шнек - основной рабочий орган машин для переработки отходов - экструдеров. От качества его изготовления зависит производительность цеха и целостность корпуса машины. При переработке многокомпонентного сырья, которым является Refuse Derived Fuel - это общее название альтернативных видов топлива, получаемых при переработке отходов. В качестве сырья используется практически любой органический материал: целлюлоза, резина, пластик, кожа, дерево, пищевые заменители. В исследовании использован пример на базе работы с RDF-сырьем Мусороперерабатывающего комбината "Янино", Ленинградская область. Именно при работе с такими высокоабразивными отходами возникает необходимость многократно повышать ресурс шнеков за счет использования новых технологий обработки металлов, так как в составе данного сырья могут встречаться металлические компоненты и трудно размалываемые силикаты.Screw - the main working organ of machines for processing waste - extruders. From the quality of its production depends the productivity of the shop and the integrity of the machine body. When refining a multicomponent raw material, which is Refuse Derived Fuel - this is the general name for alternative fuels obtained from recycling. As raw material, almost any organic material is used: cellulose, rubber, plastic, leather, its substitutes. The study used an example based on work with RDF-raw materials of the Janino Refuse Processing Plant. Leningrad region. It is when working with such highly abrasive waste that it becomes necessary to increase the service life of screw augmentedly by using new processing technologies, since metal components and hard-to-break silicates can occur in the composition of this raw material

Collaborative European NeuroTrauma Effectiveness Research in Traumatic Brain Injury (CENTER-TBI): A Prospective Longitudinal Observational Study

BACKGROUND: Current classification of traumatic brain injury (TBI) is suboptimal, and management is based on weak evidence, with little attempt to personalize treatment. A need exists for new precision medicine and stratified management approaches that incorporate emerging technologies. OBJECTIVE: To improve characterization and classification of TBI and to identify best clinical care, using comparative effectiveness research approaches. METHODS: This multicenter, longitudinal, prospective, observational study in 22 countries across Europe and Israel will collect detailed data from 5400 consenting patients, presenting within 24 hours of injury, with a clinical diagnosis of TBI and an indication for computed tomography. Broader registry-level data collection in approximately 20 000 patients will assess generalizability. Cross sectional comprehensive outcome assessments, including quality of life and neuropsychological testing, will be performed at 6 months. Longitudinal assessments will continue up to 24 months post TBI in patient subsets. Advanced neuroimaging and genomic and biomarker data will be used to improve characterization, and analyses will include neuroinformatics approaches to address variations in process and clinical care. Results will be integrated with living systematic reviews in a process of knowledge transfer. The study initiation was from October to December 2014, and the recruitment period was for 18 to 24 months. EXPECTED OUTCOMES: Collaborative European NeuroTrauma Effectiveness Research in TBI should provide novel multidimensional approaches to TBI characterization and classification, evidence to support treatment recommendations, and benchmarks for quality of care. Data and sample repositories will ensure opportunities for legacy research. DISCUSSION: Comparative effectiveness research provides an alternative to reductionistic clinical trials in restricted patient populations by exploiting differences in biology, care, and outcome to support optimal personalized patient management

Severe hypernatremia. Case report, pathophysiology and therapy

The case of a female patient with a suprasellar optic glioma is reported, who was admitted to the intensive care unit due to decompensated diabetes insipidus with hypernatremia of 194 mmol/l. The sodium concentration was reduced slowly over 4 days and the patient recovered without sequelae. Based on this case the article deals with the pathophysiology and therapy of hypernatremia. An increase in extracellular osmolarity leads to augmented production of intracellular osmolytes in order to maintain the cell volume constant. Due to this counterregulation correction of the sodium concentration must be done with caution

Evacuation of a neonatal intensive care and intermediate care unit

Background The evacuation of an intensive care unit, or even an entire hospital, is a rare event. Nevertheless, due to multiple challenging logistical efforts, intensive preliminary planning for such a scenario is obligatory since, in the event of an occurrence, it presents a high potential risk for the patients. Evacuation of a neonatal intensive unit is particularly vulnerable to risks and, due to the lack of alternatives, much more difficult to manage. Action In the late evening of 19 September 2014, serious water damage on the third floor of the obstetrics department of the University Hospital of Cologne took place. The most severely affected ward was the neonatal intensive care unit with 10 beds, together with the immediate care unit (premature ward) with 16 beds, both located directly below. The whole area was so severely affected by the flow of water that the entire area had to be evacuated. Fortunately, all 26 patients were able to be moved within the campus of the university hospital. Of these, 6 children were moved to the infant station located in the same building on the 6th floor. The remaining 20 patients had to be transferred to other buildings on the campus via underground passages, which are not normally used. All transfers of patients took place without incident. Conclusion Evacuation scenarios must be an essential part of a hospital emergency plan. In particular for high-risk areas, e.& x202f;g. intensive care stations, such a scenario should be planned in advance. In case of an emergency, it is important to have a predefined management structure

Prioritization of intensive medical treatment places - Concept proposal

In the situation of a shortage of ventilation beds, ethically justifiable, transparent and comprehensible decisions must be made. This concept proposes that all patients are first intubated depending on necessity and then assessed by a triage team afterwards. In this situation newly admitted COVID patients compete with newly admitted Non-COVID patients as well as patients already treated in intensive care units for a ventilator. The combination of short-term and long-term prognoses should enable the interprofessional triage team to make comprehensible decisions. The aim of the prioritization concept is to save as many human lives as possible and to relieve the treatment team of the difficult decision on prioritization