Оксид азота и нитритные ионы в энергетике нейронов мозжечка

Зниження вмісту АТФ в нейронах при гіпоксії мозку і гіперстимуляції глутаматних рецепторів здатне порушити систему внутри і міжклітинної сигналізації в нейронах мозку, зокрема іонний обмін, активність ферментів гліколізу і окислювального фосфорилірування, захоплення Са2+ мітохондріями і синтез білків. В даній роботі вивчали дію ендогенного глутамат індукованого NO і дію екзогенний доданих донорів NO – нітриту натрію (NaNO2) і нітрозоцистеїну (SNOC) на вміст АТФ в 7-8 денних культивованих нейронах мозочка.Decrease of content ATPA in neurones at a hypoxia of a brain and a hyperstimulation глутаматных receptors is capable to break system inside and the intercellular signal ystem in neurones of a brain, in particular an ion exchange, activity of enzymes of glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation, seizure Са 2+ mitochondrions and synthesis of proteins. In the given work studied action endogenic glutamate inducted NO and action of exogenous padding donors NO diazotizing salt (NaNO2) and нитрозоцистеина (SNOC) on content ATPA in 7 8 diurnal cultivated{incubated} neurones of a cerebellum

Herd immunity to Newcastle disease virus in poultry by vaccination

Newcastle disease is an economically important disease of poultry for which vaccination is applied as a preventive measure in many countries. Nevertheless, outbreaks have been reported in vaccinated populations. This suggests that either the vaccination coverage level is too low or that vaccination does not provide perfect immunity, allowing the virus to spread in partially vaccinated populations. Here we study the requirements of an epidemiologically effective vaccination program against Newcastle disease in poultry, based on data from experimental transmission studies. The transmission studies indicate that vaccinated birds with low or undetectable antibody titres may be protected against disease and mortality but that infection and transmission may still occur. In fact, our quantitative analyses show that Newcastle disease virus is highly transmissible in poultry with low antibody titres. As a consequence, herd immunity can only be achieved if a high proportion of birds (>85%) have a high antibody titre (log2 haemagglutination inhibition titre ≥3) after vaccination. We discuss the implications for the control of Newcastle disease in poultry by vaccination

Explicitly symmetrical treatment of three-body phase space

We derive expressions for three-body phase space that are explicitly symmetrical in the masses of the three particles. We study geometrical properties of the variables involved in elliptic integrals and demonstrate that it is convenient to use the Jacobian zeta function to express the results in four and six dimensions.Comment: 20 pages, latex, 2 postscript figure

Breaking Of Conformal Invariance And Electromagnetic Field Generation In The Universe

It is shown that the breaking of the conformal invariance in quantum electrodynamics due to the trace anomaly results in the generation of long wave electromagnetic fields during inflationary stage of the universe evolution. If the coefficient of the logarithmic charge renormalization is large (due to a large number of charged particles species), these primordial electromagnetic fields can be strong enough to create the observed galactic magnetic fields.Comment: 6 pages, UM - TH - 93 - 0

Split-Brain: what we know now and why this is important for understanding consciousness

Recently, the discussion regarding the consequences of cutting the corpus callosum (“split-brain”) has regained momentum (Corballis, Corballis, Berlucchi, & Marzi, 2018; Pinto et al., 2017; Pinto, Lamme, & de Haan, 2017; Volz & Gazzaniga, 2017; Volz, Hillyard, Miller, & Gazzaniga, 2018). This collective review paper aims to summarize the empirical common ground, to delineate the different interpretations, and to identify the remaining questions. In short, callosotomy leads to a broad breakdown of functional integration ranging from perception to attention. However, the breakdown is not absolute as several processes, such as action control, seem to remain unified. Disagreement exists about the responsible mechanisms for this remaining unity. The main issue concerns the first-person perspective of a split-brain patient. Does a split-brain harbor a split consciousness or is consciousness unified? The current consensus is that the body of evidence is insufficient to answer this question, and different suggestions are made to how future studies might address this paucity. In addition, it is suggested that the answers might not be a simple yes or no but that intermediate conceptualization need to be considered

Common-path interferometric label-free protein sensing with resonant dielectric nanostructures

Research toward photonic biosensors for point-of-care applications and personalized medicine is driven by the need for high-sensitivity, low-cost, and reliable technology. Among the most sensitive modalities, interferometry offers particularly high performance, but typically lacks the required operational simplicity and robustness. Here, we introduce a common-path interferometric sensor based on guided-mode resonances to combine high performance with inherent stability. The sensor exploits the simultaneous excitation of two orthogonally polarized modes, and detects the relative phase change caused by biomolecular binding on the sensor surface. The wide dynamic range of the sensor, which is essential for fabrication and angle tolerance, as well as versatility, is controlled by integrating multiple, tuned structures in the field of view. This approach circumvents the trade-off between sensitivity and dynamic range, typical of other phase-sensitive modalities, without increasing complexity. Our sensor enables the challenging label-free detection of procalcitonin, a small protein (13 kDa) and biomarker for infection, at the clinically relevant concentration of 1 pg mL−1, with a signal-to-noise ratio of 35. This result indicates the utility for an exemplary application in antibiotic guidance, and opens possibilities for detecting further clinically or environmentally relevant small molecules with an intrinsically simple and robust sensing modality

FastJet user manual

FastJet is a C++ package that provides a broad range of jet finding and analysis tools. It includes efficient native implementations of all widely used 2-to-1 sequential recombination jet algorithms for pp and e+e- collisions, as well as access to 3rd party jet algorithms through a plugin mechanism, including all currently used cone algorithms. FastJet also provides means to facilitate the manipulation of jet substructure, including some common boosted heavy-object taggers, as well as tools for estimation of pileup and underlying-event noise levels, determination of jet areas and subtraction or suppression of noise in jets.Comment: 69 pages. FastJet 3 is available from http://fastjet.fr

Submarine canyon dynamics - Executive Summary

Discussing submarine canyons dynamics through a multidisciplinary approach allowed to identify both advances in knowledge and remaining gaps concerning the controlling factors underlying the formation, development, ecological functioning and vulnerability of canyons at various time scales. As a result, we identified a number of recommendations for future research and actions that the interested reader will discover in this synthetic chapter, drafted as a collective effort in the months following our meeting. The subsequent chapters, each written by a workshop participant, detail the specificities and dynamics of of submarine canyons within and beyond the Mediterranean domain

Potential for CT dose reduction based on QA phantom and human cadaver images

Purpose: CT centres having higher radiation doses when compared to many CT centres locally and internationally have been identified through a nationwide dose survey carried in Nigeria for CT examinations of the brain, chest and abdomen. This provides a basis for dose reduction methods to be explored. This study proposes a methodology using a quality assurance (QA) phantom and human cadaver images.Materials and methods: The study proposes a methodology consisting of three phases. Phase I: Manipulation of scan parameters to monitor their effect on radiation dose indices and psycho-physical parameters using a GE QA phantom, leading to determination of the optimal parameter settings. Phase II: Application of the identified optimal QA phantom protocols on the human cadaver as a starting point for further optimisation, which was followed with analysis of results based on VGA, VGC and VGR from evaluation of cadaveric images. Phase III: Clinical implementation of the finally optimised protocols and further image quality evaluation based on VGA, VGC and VGR.Results: Fifteen adult QA optimised protocols were established in five CT centres. Of the 15 QA phantom protocols, nine protocols from three centres were tested on cadaver as two of the centres did not give permission for cadaver scanning. Of the nine protocols, six were further optimised as three protocols could not be further optimised due to severe loss of image quality. Furthermore, two of the six cadaver optimised protocols, were not implemented due to the radiologists preference of image quality, rather the established QA optimised protocols were retained which still achieved dose reduction when compared to standard protocols. The implemented optimised protocols in two of the three CT centre showed evidence of dose reductions based on the new CTDIvol DRLs as follows: 36% for brain; 18% for chest and 21% for abdomen, whilst the DLPs were: 44% for brain, 54% for chest and 30% for abdomen with acceptable image quality based on the VGA, VGC and VGR. Conclusion: The study established optimised protocols in selected CT centres providing acceptable image quality based on the VGA, VGC and VGR using a methodology with a lot of advantages such as low cost resources (QA phantom and human cadaver) which is ideal for countries lacking expensive equipment (Catphan and anthropometric phantoms).peer-reviewe