Migración intrapélvica (cut-in) en un clavo Gamma. Caso Clínico

Una de las complicaciones de los clavos intramedulares es sin duda la implantación central del tornillo cérvico-cefálico. Aún así, la confluencia de diversos factores (osteoporosis, trazo de la fractura, reducción insuficiente del foco, motorización reiterada, etc.) pueden precipitar la salida de éste (cut-out) que viene a evidenciar una prevalencia del 2 al 4% de las diversas series y, ulterior aflojamiento del montaje. La presencia del cut-in, supone una eventualidad muy ocasional por debajo del 0,3% de la literatura. En este caso se ilustra una consolidación definitiva afortunada, tras un abanico de factores mecánicos y estructurales que encaminaron a una doble cirugía terapéutica. Se analizan los factores biomecánicos implicados en la génesis del cut-in.One common complication of intramedullary nails is the central implantation of the cervico-cephalic screw. However, the confluence of some factors (osteoporosis, fracture line, inadequate focus reduction, repeated motorizing, etc.) can hasten a cut-out, showing a prevalence of 2 to 4% of the diverse series, and further assembly loosening. The presence of cut-in is an infrequent eventuality under the 0.3% of literature. The present case illustrates a fortunate definite consolidation, after a range of mechanical an structural factors leading to a double therapeutic surgery. The biomechanical factors affecting the cut-in origin are analysed.Peer Reviewe

Property rights for grazing: study case from summer grazing in laguna del Maule (Chile)

Through contingent appraisal method, it is developed a simulation of prairies use rights in summer grazing in mountain. Three operating systems were analyzed: a) Current system, without contingency, with two winners short-ter, breeders and Administration, but changing long-term. b) Quotas system and contingency in livestock auction by batchs with what environmentaal soustenability is kept up and upheld, although paid cost is neither fairy distributed, nor is the most efficient, and c) Contingent system with rights market, the most efficient and with wich economic productivity, environmental soustenability and socila optimum are kept up.Se encuesta a ganaderos trashumantes que aprovechan pastos estivales de la Montaña del Maule, para intentar regular su uso ante el deterioro de los mismos por exceso de carga ganadera. Se aplica el método de valoración contingente para simular el establecimiento de derechos de uso de estos pastizales. El resultado de los tres sistemas de funcionamiento que se analizan es el siguiente: a) Sistema actual, sin contingentación, con dos ganadores a corto: ganaderos y administración, situación que se modifica a largo plazo. b) Sistema de cuotas y contingentación en subastas por lotes, con lo que se defiende y mantiene la sostenibilidad del ecosistema, aunque el coste pagado no es equidistribuitivo ni es el más eficiente. c) Sistema contingente con mercado de derechos, que es el más eficiente y en el que a la defensa de la productividad económica se une la sustentabilidad ambiental y el óptimo social

PENGARUH MEDIA PEMBELAJARAN MIND MAPPING TERHADAP MINAT BELAJAR PESERTA DIDIK PADA PELAJARAN EKONOMI KELAS XI IPS 1 di SMA NEGERI 27 BANDUNG

Judul penelitian ini adalah pengaruh media pembelajaran mind mapping terhadap minat belajar peserta didik pada pelajaran ekonomi kelas XI IPS 1 di SMA Negeri 27 Bandung tahun ajaran 2016-2017. Berdasarkan tinjauan langsung di SMA Negeri 27 Bandung kelas XI IPS 1, Pembelajaran konvensional (ceramah) hanya membuat peserta didik kurang aktif dan malas dalam menerima materi yang ada, karena pembelajaran hanya terpusat pada apa yang disampaikan sehingga tidak dapat dimengerti secara maksimal. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah: (1) Mengetahui penggunaan media mind mapping pada mata pelajaran ekonomi kelas XI IPS 1 di SMA Negeri 27 Bandung. (2) Mengetahui minat belajar peserta didik pada mata pelajaran ekonomi kelas XI IPS 1 di SMA Negeri 27 Bandung. (3) Mengetahui seberapa besar pengaruh media mind mapping terhadap minat belajar peserta didik pada mata pelajaran ekonomi kelas XI IPS 1 di SMA Negeri 27 Bandung. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah survei. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan yaitu observasi dan angket dengan teknik pengolahan data uji validitas, uji reliabilitas, uji normalitas data, analisis regresi linier sederhana dan koefisien determinasi, Hipotesis penelitian berbunyi “Terdapat pengaruh antara media pembelajaran mind mapping (X) terhadap minat belajar peserta didik (Y) pada mata pelajaran ekonomi. Hasil penelitian ini adalah terdapat pengaruh antara variabel X dan Variabel Y sebesar 0,336 atau 33,60%. Untuk mengetahui hubungan fungsional antara variabel X dan variabel Y maka digunakan analisis regresi linier sederhana dengan hasil perhitungan sebagai berikut : Y = 9.915 + 0.537 X artinya bahwa setiap media pembelajaran mind mapping bertambah 9,915 maka minat belajar meningkat sebesar 0,537. Untuk mengetahui seberapa besar pengaruh variabel X (media pembelajaran mind mapping) terhadap variabel Y (minat belajar), maka digunakan koefisien determinasi dengan hasil perhitungan sebesar 33,60% maka sebagian lainnya ditentukan oleh faktor lain yang tidak diteliti. Kesimpulan hipotesis penelitian dapat diterima, sebagai akhir penelitian penulis menyampaikan saran kepada guru agar sebaiknya guru menggunakan variasi media pembelajaran yang menarik berkaitan dengan materi pelajaran yang akan disampaikan, karena cara ini dapat membuat peserta didik aktif dan kreatif untuk belajar. Kepada para praktisi atau peneliti lain di bidang pendidikan dapat melakukan penelitian serupa dengan media pembelajaran dan metode yang berbeda agar diperoleh berbagai alternatif untuk peningkatan pemahaman pembelajaran pada pokok bahasan selanjutnya dan kepada pihak sekolah sebagai bahan kajian bagi sekolah dan menyarankan guru untuk menggunakan media pembelajaran yang mampu meningkatkan prestasi belajar peserta didik untuk mendukung pendekatan saintifik dan media pembelajaran yang baik. Kata Kunci : media pembelajaran mind mapping, minat Belajar

Major Challenges in clinical management of TB/HIV coinfected patients in Eastern Europe compared with Western Europe and Latin America

Objectives: rates of TB/HIV coinfection and multi-drug resistant (MDR)-TB are increasing in Eastern Europe (EE). We aimed to study clinical characteristics, factors associated with MDR-TB and predicted activity of empiric anti-TB treatment at time of TB diagnosis among TB/HIV coinfected patients in EE, Western Europe (WE) and Latin America (LA). Design and methods: between January 1, 2011, and December 31, 2013, 1413 TB/HIV patients (62 clinics in 19 countries in EE, WE, Southern Europe (SE), and LA) were enrolled. Results: significant differences were observed between EE (N = 844), WE (N = 152), SE (N = 164), and LA (N = 253) in the proportion of patients with a definite TB diagnosis (47%, 71%, 72% and 40%, p<0.0001), MDR-TB (40%, 5%, 3% and 15%, p<0.0001), and use of combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) (17%, 40%, 44% and 35%, p<0.0001). Injecting drug use (adjusted OR (aOR) = 2.03 (95% CI 1.00-4.09), prior anti-TB treatment (3.42 (1.88-6.22)), and living in EE (7.19 (3.28-15.78)) were associated with MDR-TB. Among 585 patients with drug susceptibility test (DST) results, the empiric (i.e. without knowledge of the DST results) anti-TB treatment included ≥3 active drugs in 66% of participants in EE compared with 90-96% in other regions (p<0.0001). Conclusions: in EE, TB/HIV patients were less likely to receive a definite TB diagnosis, more likely to house MDR-TB and commonly received empiric anti-TB treatment with reduced activity. Improved management of TB/HIV patients in EE requires better access to TB diagnostics including DSTs, empiric anti-TB therapy directed at both susceptible and MDR-TB, and more widespread use of cART

A model of neutrino mass and dark matter with large neutrinoless double beta decay

We propose a model where neutrino masses are generated at three loop order but neutrinoless double beta decay occurs at one loop. Thus we can have large neutrinoless double beta decay observable in the future experiments even when the neutrino masses are very small. The model receives strong constraints from the neutrino data and lepton flavor violating decays, which substantially reduces the number of free parameters. Our model also opens up the possibility of having several new scalars below the TeV regime, which can be explored at the collider experiments. Additionally, our model also has an unbroken Z2 symmetry which allows us to identify a viable Dark Matter candidate

High major histocompatibility complex class I polymorphism despite bottlenecks in wild and domesticated populations of the zebra finch ()

Background Two subspecies of zebra finch, Taeniopygia guttata castanotis and T. g. guttata are native to Australia and the Lesser Sunda Islands, respectively. The Australian subspecies has been domesticated and is now an important model system for research. Both the Lesser Sundan subspecies and domesticated Australian zebra finches have undergone population bottlenecks in their history, and previous analyses using neutral markers have reported reduced neutral genetic diversity in these populations. Here we characterize patterns of variation in the third exon of the highly variable major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I α chain. As a benchmark for neutral divergence, we also report the first mitochondrial NADH dehydrogenase 2 (ND2) sequences in this important model system. Results Despite natural and human-mediated population bottlenecks, we find that high MHC class I polymorphism persists across all populations. As expected, we find higher levels of nucleotide diversity in the MHC locus relative to neutral loci, and strong evidence of positive selection acting on important residues forming the peptide-binding region (PBR). Clear population differentiation of MHC allele frequencies is also evident, and this may be due to adaptation to new habitats and associated pathogens and/or genetic drift. Whereas the MHC Class I locus shows broad haplotype sharing across populations, ND2 is the first locus surveyed to date to show reciprocal monophyly of the two subspecies. Conclusions Despite genetic bottlenecks and genetic drift, all surveyed zebra finch populations have maintained high MHC Class I diversity. The diversity at the MHC Class I locus in the Lesser Sundan subspecies contrasts sharply with the lack of diversity in previously examined neutral loci, and may thus be a result of selection acting to maintain polymorphism. Given uncertainty in historical population demography, however, it is difficult to rule out neutral processes in maintaining the observed diversity. The surveyed populations also differ in MHC Class I allele frequencies, and future studies are needed to assess whether these changes result in functional immune differences

Parental socialization and its relationship to child adjustment and maladjustment in socialization and beyond

Introduction: This study analyzes the relationship between the four parental socialization styles (authoritative, indulgent, authoritarian and neglectful) with five indicators of children's psychosocial adjustment, considering three indicators of adjustment and two of maladjustment. Methods: The sample included 2125 Spanish participants, divided into four age groups, 609 persons aged 12-18 years (adolescents), 603 aged 19-35 years (young adults), 509 aged 36-39 years (middle-aged adults) and 406 aged 60 years and older (older adults). Psychosocial adjustment was measured with family self-concept, self-esteem and empathy, and maladjustment with personal insecurity and hostility. Results: The indulgent style obtained better scores, even than the authoritative style, when related to positive psychosocial values such as family self-concept, self-esteem and empathy as opposed to parental styles such as authoritarian or neglectful which have been positively related to psychosocial values of psychosocial maladjustment such as personal insecurity and hostility. Conclusions: Taking into account the contextual differences that may influence parental socialization style, it is considered that in the European environment the psychosocial development of children is better when it is based on warmth without strictness (indulgent parenting style

Unraveling the Autism spectrum heterogeneity: Insights from ABIDE I Database using data/model-driven permutation testing approaches

Autism Spectrum Condition (ASC) is a neurodevelopmental condition characterized by impairments in communication, social interaction and restricted or repetitive behaviors. Extensive research has been conducted to identify distinctions between individuals with ASC and neurotypical individuals. However, limited attention has been given to comprehensively evaluating how variations in image acquisition protocols across different centers influence these observed differences. This analysis focuses on structural magnetic resonance imaging (sMRI) data from the Autism Brain Imaging Data Exchange I (ABIDE I) database, evaluating subjects' condition and individual centers to identify disparities between ASC and control groups. Statistical analysis, employing permutation tests, utilizes two distinct statistical mapping methods: Statistical Agnostic Mapping (SAM) and Statistical Parametric Mapping (SPM). Results reveal the absence of statistically significant differences in any brain region, attributed to factors such as limited sample sizes within certain centers, noise effects and the problem of multicentrism in a heterogeneous condition such as autism. This study indicates limitations in using the ABIDE I database to detect structural differences in the brain between neurotypical individuals and those diagnosed with ASC. Furthermore, results from the SAM mapping method show greater consistency with existing literature.Comment: 54 pages, 14 figure

Use of Schizosaccharomyces strains for wine fermentation? Effect on the wine composition and food safety

Schizosaccharomyceswas initially considered as a spoilage yeast because of the production of undesirable metabolites such as acetic acid, hydrogen sulfide, or acetaldehyde, but it currently seems to be of great value in enology.o ced Nevertheless, Schizosaccharomyces can reduce all of the malic acid in must, leading to malolactic fermentation. Malolactic fermentation is a highly complicated process in enology and leads to a higher concentration of biogenic amines, so the use of Schizosaccharomyces pombe can be an excellent tool for assuring wine safety. Schizosaccharomyces also has much more potential than only reducing the malic acid content, such as increasing the level of pyruvic acid and thus the vinylphenolic pyranoanthocyanin content. Until now, few commercial strains have been available and little research on the selection of appropriate yeast strains with such potential has been conducted. In this study, selected and wild Sc. pombe strains were used along with a Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain to ferment red grape must. The results showed significant differences in several parameters including non-volatile and volatile compounds, anthocyanins, biogenic amines and sensory parameters