Prevention And Screening For Diabetes Mellitus

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Excess Consumption Effects of Aqueous Extract of Piper Guineense Fruits on the Lungs of Adult Female Wistar Rats

The present study was undertaken to investigate the excess consumption effect of aqueous extract of Piper guineense fruits on the lungs of adult female wistar rats. Piper guineense popularly known as West African black pepper, in ancient times has been known to possess a whole lot of medicinal values and also a good contractile effect on the uterus of post-natal mothers. In this experiment, twenty virgin adult female wistar rats were grouped into four of five animals each. Group 1 was the control group, group 2 were treated with 1000mg/kg of Piper guineense extract, group 3 were treated with 1500mg/kg of the extract and the group 5 were treated with 2000mg/kg of the extract all for a period of twenty-eight days. After the last administration, the animals were sacrificed and the lungs harvested for histological processing and analysis. The results from the histological analysis of this experiment exhibited extensive oedema with coalition of some of the alveolar spaces which were increasing as the experimental doses were increased. It can be concluded from this study that excessive consumption of Piper guineense fruits could cause serious damages to the lungs. Therefore this study suggests that although Piper guineense is truly medicinal, the consumption should be moderate and well regulated so as to prevent some damages to the lungs. Keywords: Consumption, Lungs, Piper guineense,Wistar rats

Deep-tissue optical imaging of near cellular-sized features

Detection of biological features at the cellular level with sufcient sensitivity in complex tissue remains a major challenge. To appreciate this challenge, this would require fnding tens to hundreds of cells (a 0.1 mm tumor has ~125 cells), out of ~37 trillion cells in the human body. Near-infrared optical imaging holds promise for high-resolution, deep-tissue imaging, but is limited by autofuorescence and scattering. To date, the maximum reported depth using second-window near-infrared (NIR-II: 1000–1700 nm) fuorophores is 3.2 cm through tissue. Here, we design an NIR-II imaging system, “Detection of Optically Luminescent Probes using Hyperspectral and difuse Imaging in Near-infrared” (DOLPHIN), that resolves these challenges. DOLPHIN achieves the following: (i) resolution of probes through up to 8 cm of tissue phantom; (ii) identifcation of spectral and scattering signatures of tissues without a priori knowledge of background or autofuorescence; and (iii) 3D reconstruction of live whole animals. Notably, we demonstrate noninvasive real-time tracking of a 0.1 mm-sized fuorophore through the gastrointestinal tract of a living mouse, which is beyond the detection limit of current imaging modalities.Untied States. National Cancer Institute. Cancer Center Support (Grant P30-CA14051)United States. National Cancer Institute. Center for Cancer Nanotechnology Excellence (Grant 5-U54-CA151884-03

Data from: Deep-tissue optical imaging of near cellular-sized features

Detection of biological features at the cellular level with sufficient sensitivity in complex tissue remains a major challenge. To appreciate this challenge, this would require finding tens to hundreds of cells (a 0.1 mm tumor has ~125 cells), out of ~37 trillion cells in the human body. Near-infrared optical imaging holds promise for high-resolution, deep-tissue imaging, but is limited by autofluorescence and scattering. To date, the maximum reported depth using second-window near-infrared (NIR-II: 1000–1700 nm) fluorophores is 3.2 cm through tissue. Here, we design an NIR-II imaging system, “Detection of Optically Luminescent Probes using Hyperspectral and diffuse Imaging in Near-infrared” (DOLPHIN), that resolves these challenges. DOLPHIN achieves the following: (i) resolution of probes through up to 8 cm of tissue phantom; (ii) identification of spectral and scattering signatures of tissues without a priori knowledge of background or autofluorescence; and (iii) 3D reconstruction of live whole animals. Notably, we demonstrate noninvasive real-time tracking of a 0.1 mm-sized fluorophore through the gastrointestinal tract of a living mouse, which is beyond the detection limit of current imaging modalities

Sample Dataset for HyperSpectral Imaging (HSC data)

This is a sample dataset, obtained using Hyperspectral Imaging of a label-free, healthy nude mouse, using the DOLPHIN imaging system, using a wavelength-tunable laser (from 690 - 1040 nm). As a sample, only the 980 nm excitation wavelength data has been provided in this archive. Details of the DOLPHIN imaging system and the image processing techniques used for Hyperspectral Imaging are described in the aforementioned paper

Sample Dataset for HyperDiffuse Imaging (HDC data)

This is a sample dataset, obtained using Hyperdiffuse Imaging of the passage of a 100 µm-sized Er-NP cluster probe through the GI tract of a healthy nude mouse, using the DOLPHIN imaging system, using a fixed wavelength of excitation (980 nm laser). Details of the DOLPHIN imaging system and the image processing techniques used for Hyperdiffuse Imaging are described in the aforementioned paper

Understanding the use of digital technology to promote human papillomavirus vaccination – A RE-AIM framework approach

The human papillomavirus virus (HPV) vaccine is effective at preventing various cancers, but coverage falls short of targets that are needed for community protection. Here, we use the RE-AIM implementation framework (Reach, Effectiveness, Adoption, Implementation, Maintenance) to understand how text, email, and electronic health record (EHR) reminders and social media campaigns can be used as part of policy and practice interventions to increase HPV vaccination. These technology-based interventions could be used together and mainstreamed into clinical and system-based practice to have the greatest impact. Of the interventions explored, text-based, email-based, and EHR reminders have the most evidence behind them to support their effectiveness. While there are several studies of promotion of the HPV vaccine on social media, more studies are needed to demonstrate their effects and better methods are needed to be able to attribute results to these interventions