Maori identity within whanau: A review of literature.

The study of identities is an enormous and complex undertaking. Research on identity formation has revealed a clear link between family practices and identity development. In traditional Maori times, the whanau was the place where initial teaching and socialisation of things Maori took place. While there is no single exact measure of what constitutes Maori identity (Durie, 1994), that Maori identity is still being asserted today means that the shaping of Maori identity is still occurring. Rather than attempt to cover all aspects of how Maori shape their identities, I have chosen to focus on the shaping of Maori identity within whanau. Given that this paper is about both Maori identity and whanau identity it seemed logical to review and examine the literature surrounding these two notions. In this paper I also discuss the ecological threats and supports that influenced Maori and whanau identity. Then I review literature on whanau identity from traditional and contemporary works, and explore the concept of whanau identity as a management framework. The literature on whanau does not vary from what Maori authors have expressed regarding their conceptualisations of Maori identity. The tribal structures, descent and cultural practices provide integral pathways through which whanau and Maori identity can be developed and maintained. What is of significance, is that the formation of a secure whanau identity is likely to contribute toward an overall stable Maori identity. Creating an environment where a sense of secure wellbeing among members of a whanau is nurtured, leads to members constructing a whanau and Maori identity that is meaningful to them in their lives

Te Whiuwhiu o te Hau Maori Counselling Certificate Programme: Agency placements and supervision. Summary of and evaluation

Three major characteristics in determining a potentially successful practicum were identified. Firstly, the importance of determining early on whether an agency can expose the student to the necessary counselling experience that enables students to meet the requirements of the course. Secondly, the importance of exposing students to information that enable them to efficiently achieve practicum placement goals. Thirdly, the need to utilise both reflective and skills based assessment to assess the development of counselling skills, as well as the completion of tasks and duties that are required of students. Further information was gleaned about the research participants' perspectives on supervision procedures, practicum contracts, benefits of having a practicum placement and suggested training areas for the proposed TWH supervision module

A Study of Cannery Row : John Steinbeck and the Old Chinaman

John　SteinbeckのCannery　Rowには何故暗い雰囲気が漂っているのか，年老いた中国人を分析しながら考察した。この中国人は作品中わずか4回しか登場しないが，非常に強い印象を残す不思議な人物なので，作品を考察するには好材料だと思ったからである。　まず，スタインベックの中国人観を探るために，スタイソペック文学に出てくる代表的な中国人2人，すなわちEast　of　EdenのLeeとCannery　RowのLeeChongについて考えてみると，彼らはいずれもアメリカ人とは一線を画していることが分かる。表面的には周囲に溶け込んでいるように見えても，心のどこかでアメリカ人は彼らを自分たちとは異質な人種だと考えているからだ。よそ者扱いされる彼らと故郷を失ったスタインベックには，共通点がある。　次に，年老いた中国人が毎日海へ行く意義であるが，スタイソベック文学にとって水はいかに大切な意味を持っているだろうか。聖書で海または深淵について書かれているところを分析すると，水は何よりもまず初めに存在していたもので，混沌としてはいるが，秩序や統一を内に宿しているものと見ることがでぎる。更に，スタイソベックは古代ギリシアの世界観に強い共感を示していること，ギリシアの自然哲学者タレスは「生命ある一切のものは水から生じた」と考えていることからも，水は大変神秘的で，全てのものが生まれ，そして帰っていくものであるといえる。　スタイソベック自身，もう故郷を失くしたことは悟っていたが，それでもなお心の拠り所を求めて故郷の町をさまよわずにはいられなかった。せめて想縁の世界だけでも，いざこざの起こる前の平和な故郷へ戻りたい，一番初めからやり直したいという思いは，こうして年老いた中国人に託された。つまり，この中国人は安らぎを求めて毎日海へと向かうスタインベック自身であり，悲しみに打ちひしがれたスタイソベックの亡霊なのである。　スタインベックは，この作品を「戦争で傷ついた兵士らを楽しませるための作品」と述べた。しかし，実際には彼は自分自身のためにこの作品を書いたのである。年老いた中国人の靴の底がぺったんぺったんと通りに響くとぎ，スタインベックの声にならない悲痛な叫びがこだましていると考える

Strengthening Indigenous Social Work in the Academy

This paper provides an account of the development of an Indigenous1 Social Work program in Sudbury, Ontario and how it was conceived, developed and implemented. It describes the transformational approaches that Aboriginal2 faculty, communities and academic allies engaged in to create a rightful space for Indigenous social work in mainstream academia. In its 25th year, this program has provided many transformational opportunities for students, faculty and Aboriginal communities. Incorporating resistance and proactive momentum, the program has become pivotal in expanding the visibility and legitimacy for Indigenous social work in practice, theory, research and pedagogies. This program is an example of how community- faculty collaborations can sustain a robust Indigenous social work program

The racial state of emergency: creating state capacity for surveillance

As the Twin Towers fell on September 11th of 2001, so fell the U.S. domestic citizenry’s Fourth Amendment right to search, seizure, and general privacy. Beyond the Fourth Amendment, various legal barriers put up to protect citizens’ rights through the advancement of surveillance technology throughout the twentieth century would also fall, succumbing to just one piece of legislation and its subsequent restructuring of government powers: the USA PATRIOT Act. This expansion was explained through the lens of state-of-emergency during war time. The precedence of states-of-emergency as a period when legal and bureaucratic boundaries can be crossed to serve the greater good allowed for the execution of drastic surveillance measures which would previously be confined by the boundaries of law, and to a grieving public and a government scrambling for some sense of national security, this seemed to be the appropriate course of action. But simple state-of-emergency or war-time operations cannot serve to explain the existing capacity for conducting surveillance that the U.S. government seemed to already have within their arsenal, ready to employ on a wide scale. The analysis of domestic surveillance history to follow raises a particular kind of state-of-emergency, a racial state-of-emergency. This notion involves domestic, racial groups and organizations, disenfranchised from legality through perceptions of race, that may serve as playgrounds for surveillance development outside of public scrutiny. It is through these instances, when the existence of racial hierarchies allows for the framing of the political nonconformity of certain racial groups as a valid threat to national safety, that surveillance capacity may be expanded; it is the culmination of instances which allow for surveillance institutions to possess the capability to enact a full-force surveillance state without delay or barrier

ASR-FANET: An adaptive SDN-based routing framework for FANET

Flying ad hoc network (FANET) is widely used in many military, commercial and civilian applications. Compared with mobile adhoc network (MANET) and vehicular ad hoc network (VANET), FANET holds unique characteristics such as high mobility, intermittent links and frequent topology changes, which cause a challenging task in the design of routing protocols. A novel adaptive software defined networking (SDN)-based routing framework for FANET called ASR-FANET is proposed in this article to solve the above challenges. The ASR-FANET framework is mainly composed of three important parts, which are the topology discovery mechanism, statistics gathering mechanism and route computation mechanism. In topology discovery mechanism, the periodic information about network topology is collected, including nodes and links. In statistics gathering mechanism, the status of the wireless network connection and flight statistics are collected. In route computation mechanism, the optimal path is calculated based on link costs. The performance of ASR-FANET framework is also has been evaluated by comprehensive simulations. The simulation results show that proposed framework is much better than other traditional protocols in packet delivery fraction, average end to end delay, normalized routing load, packet loss and throughput

Decolonisation as a social change framework and its impact on the development of Indigenous-based curricula for Helping Professionals in mainstream Tertiary Education Organisations

This research examined the social and political approaches that Indigenous peoples undertook to situate Indigenous-based education programmes in mainstream post-secondary/tertiary education organisations. Indigenous-based helping programmes assist to progress Indigenous aspirations for self-determination and are sites that center Indigenous worldviews. A decolonisation analysis framework that is embedded in the curriculum deepens students’ understanding about the impacts of imperialism, colonisation and post colonial issues. This thesis involved researching two Indigenous-based programmes that are based within mainstream tertiary institutes. The first is the Te Whiuwhiu o te Hau Maori Counselling degree programme which is based at the Waikato Institute of Technology (WINTEC) in Hamilton, Aotearoa, New Zealand. The other is the Native Human Services Social Work degree programme which is based at Laurentian University in Sudbury, Ontario, Canada