2,317 research outputs found
Recommended from our members
Checklist for One Health Epidemiological Reporting of Evidence (COHERE).
One Health is defined as the intersection and integration of knowledge regarding humans, animals, and the environment, yet as the One Health scientific literature expands, there is considerable heterogeneity of approach and quality of reporting in One Health studies. In addition, many researchers who publish such studies do not include or integrate data from all three domains of human, animal, and environmental health. This points to a critical need to unify guidelines for One Health studies. This report details the Checklist for One Health Epidemiological Reporting of Evidence (COHERE) to guide the design and publication format of future One Health studies. COHERE was developed by a core writing team and international expert review group that represents multiple disciplines, including human medicine, veterinary medicine, public health, allied professionals, clinical laboratory science, epidemiology, the social sciences, ecohealth and environmental health. The twin aims of the COHERE standards are to 1) improve the quality of reporting of observational or interventional epidemiological studies that collect and integrate data from humans, animals and/or vectors, and their environments; and 2) promote the concept that One Health studies should integrate knowledge from these three domains. The 19 standards in the COHERE checklist address descriptions of human populations, animal populations, environmental assessment, spatial and temporal relationships of data from the three domains, integration of analyses and interpretation, and inclusion of expertise in the research team from disciplines related to human health, animal health, and environmental health
TREC-Rio trial: a randomised controlled trial for rapid tranquillisation for agitated patients in emergency psychiatric rooms [ISRCTN44153243]
Agitated or violent patients constitute 10% of all emergency psychiatric treatment. Management guidelines, the preferred treatment of clinicians and clinical practice all differ. Systematic reviews show that all relevant studies are small and none are likely to have adequate power to show true differences between treatments. Worldwide, current treatment is not based on evidence from randomised trials. In Brazil, the combination haloperidol-promethazine is frequently used, but no studies involving this mix exist.
TREC-Rio (Tranquilização Rápida-Ensaio ClÃnico [Translation: Rapid Tranquillisation-Clinical Trial]) will compare midazolam with haloperidol-promethazine mix for treatment of agitated patients in emergency psychiatric rooms of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. TREC-Rio is a randomised, controlled, pragmatic and open study. Primary measure of outcome is tranquillisation at 20 minutes but effects on other measures of morbidity will also be assessed.
TREC-Rio will involve the collaboration of as many health care professionals based in four psychiatric emergency rooms of Rio as possible. Because the design of this trial does not substantially complicate clinical management, and in several aspects simplifies it, the study can be large, and treatments used in everyday practice can be evaluated
Mesoscopic structure and social aspects of human mobility
The individual movements of large numbers of people are important in many
contexts, from urban planning to disease spreading. Datasets that capture human
mobility are now available and many interesting features have been discovered,
including the ultra-slow spatial growth of individual mobility. However, the
detailed substructures and spatiotemporal flows of mobility - the sets and
sequences of visited locations - have not been well studied. We show that
individual mobility is dominated by small groups of frequently visited,
dynamically close locations, forming primary "habitats" capturing typical daily
activity, along with subsidiary habitats representing additional travel. These
habitats do not correspond to typical contexts such as home or work. The
temporal evolution of mobility within habitats, which constitutes most motion,
is universal across habitats and exhibits scaling patterns both distinct from
all previous observations and unpredicted by current models. The delay to enter
subsidiary habitats is a primary factor in the spatiotemporal growth of human
travel. Interestingly, habitats correlate with non-mobility dynamics such as
communication activity, implying that habitats may influence processes such as
information spreading and revealing new connections between human mobility and
social networks.Comment: 7 pages, 5 figures (main text); 11 pages, 9 figures, 1 table
(supporting information
Spatial correlations in attribute communities
Community detection is an important tool for exploring and classifying the
properties of large complex networks and should be of great help for spatial
networks. Indeed, in addition to their location, nodes in spatial networks can
have attributes such as the language for individuals, or any other
socio-economical feature that we would like to identify in communities. We
discuss in this paper a crucial aspect which was not considered in previous
studies which is the possible existence of correlations between space and
attributes. Introducing a simple toy model in which both space and node
attributes are considered, we discuss the effect of space-attribute
correlations on the results of various community detection methods proposed for
spatial networks in this paper and in previous studies. When space is
irrelevant, our model is equivalent to the stochastic block model which has
been shown to display a detectability-non detectability transition. In the
regime where space dominates the link formation process, most methods can fail
to recover the communities, an effect which is particularly marked when
space-attributes correlations are strong. In this latter case, community
detection methods which remove the spatial component of the network can miss a
large part of the community structure and can lead to incorrect results.Comment: 10 pages and 7 figure
CURVACE - CURVed Artificial Compound Eyes
International audienceCURVACE aims at designing, developing, and assessing CURVed Artificial Compound Eyes, a radically novel family of vision systems. This innovative approach will provide more efficient visual abilities for embedded applications that require motion analysis in low-power and small packages. Compared to conventional cameras, artificial compound eyes will offer a much larger field of view with negligible distortion and exceptionally high temporal resolution in smaller size and weight that will fit the requirements of a wide range of applications
Toward an Autonomous Lunar Landing Based on Low-Speed Optic Flow Sensors
International audienceFor the last few decades, growing interest has returned to the quite chal-lenging task of the autonomous lunar landing. Soft landing of payloads on the lu-nar surface requires the development of new means of ensuring safe descent with strong final conditions and aerospace-related constraints in terms of mass, cost and computational resources. In this paper, a two-phase approach is presented: first a biomimetic method inspired from the neuronal and sensory system of flying insects is presented as a solution to perform safe lunar landing. In order to design an au-topilot relying only on optic flow (OF) and inertial measurements, an estimation method based on a two-sensor setup is introduced: these sensors allow us to accu-rately estimate the orientation of the velocity vector which is mandatory to control the lander's pitch in a quasi-optimal way with respect to the fuel consumption. Sec-ondly a new low-speed Visual Motion Sensor (VMS) inspired by insects' visual systems performing local angular 1-D speed measurements ranging from 1.5 • /s to 25 • /s and weighing only 2.8 g is presented. It was tested under free-flying outdoor conditions over various fields onboard an 80 kg unmanned helicopter. These pre-liminary results show that the optic flow measured despite the complex disturbances encountered closely matched the ground-truth optic flow
Communities and patterns of scientific collaboration in Business and Management
This is the author's accepted version of this article deposited at arXiv (arXiv:1006.1788v2 [physics.soc-ph]) and subsequently published in Scientometrics October 2011, Volume 89, Issue 1, pp 381-396. The final publication is available at link.springer.com http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2Fs11192-011-0439-1Author's note: 17 pages. To appear in special edition of Scientometrics. Abstract on arXiv meta-data a shorter version of abstract on actual paper (both in journal and arXiv full pape
Community structure and patterns of scientific collaboration in Business and Management
This is the author's accepted version of this article deposited at arXiv (arXiv:1006.1788v2 [physics.soc-ph]) and subsequently published in Scientometrics October 2011, Volume 89, Issue 1, pp 381-396. The final publication is available at link.springer.com http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2Fs11192-011-0439-1Author's note: 17 pages. To appear in special edition of Scientometrics. Abstract on arXiv meta-data a shorter version of abstract on actual paper (both in journal and arXiv full pape
Lipid and Lipoprotein Profiles in Youth With and Without Type 1 Diabetes: The SEARCH for Diabetes in Youth Case-Control Study
OBJECTIVE—The purpose of this study was to compare the lipid profile and the prevalence of lipid abnormalities in youth with and without type 1 diabetes and explore the role of glycemic control on the hypothesized altered lipid profile in youth with type 1 diabetes
Mediterranean diet pyramid today. Science and cultural updates
Objective: To present the Mediterranean diet (MD) pyramid: a lifestyle for today.
Design: A new graphic representation has been conceived as a simplified main
frame to be adapted to the different nutritional and socio-economic contexts of
the Mediterranean region. This review gathers updated recommendations considering
the lifestyle, dietary, sociocultural, environmental and health challenges
that the current Mediterranean populations are facing.
Setting and Subjects: Mediterranean region and its populations.
Results: Many innovations have arisen since previous graphical representations
of the MD. First, the concept of composition of the ‘main meals’ is introduced
to reinforce the plant-based core of the dietary pattern. Second, frugality
and moderation is emphasised because of the major public health challenge of
obesity. Third, qualitative cultural and lifestyle elements are taken into account,
such as conviviality, culinary activities, physical activity and adequate rest,
along with proportion and frequency recommendations of food consumption.
These innovations are made without omitting other items associated with the
production, selection, processing and consumption of foods, such as seasonality,
biodiversity, and traditional, local and eco-friendly products.
Conclusions: Adopting a healthy lifestyle and preserving cultural elements should
be considered in order to acquire all the benefits from the MD and preserve this
cultural heritage. Considering the acknowledgment of the MD as an Intangible
Cultural Heritage of Humanity by UNESCO (2010), and taking into account its
contribution to health and general well-being, we hope to contribute to a much
better adherence to this healthy dietary pattern and its way of life with this new
graphic representation.peer-reviewe
- …