Study Of Faculty Instructors In Undergraduate Classroom And Planetarium Learning Environments

A mixed-methods study exploring the undergraduate planetarium learning environment was conducted during the 2019--2020 academic year at a western American university. Survey responses from university faculty, observational data using the Classroom Observation Protocol for Undergraduate STEM (COPUS), and faculty interview responses were collected and analyzed to investigate how and why collegiate undergraduates were being instructed in a planetarium environment and how this environment compared to a traditional classroom counterpart. Results suggest that planetarium use is viewed by instructors as an integrated learning experience with the classroom environment, with affective learning outcomes in the planetarium complemented by cognitive learning outcomes in the classroom. COPUS observations of planetarium instruction show broad similarity to classroom instruction; however, reductions in active-learning behavior archetypes measured in the planetarium environment suggest a trade-off between interactive learning strategies and visually immersive content presentation. Implications concerning the collegiate planetarium environment and future work are discussed.</p

COVID-19 symptoms at hospital admission vary with age and sex: results from the ISARIC prospective multinational observational study

Background: The ISARIC prospective multinational observational study is the largest cohort of hospitalized patients with COVID-19. We present relationships of age, sex, and nationality to presenting symptoms. Methods: International, prospective observational study of 60 109 hospitalized symptomatic patients with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 recruited from 43 countries between 30 January and 3 August 2020. Logistic regression was performed to evaluate relationships of age and sex to published COVID-19 case definitions and the most commonly reported symptoms. Results: ‘Typical’ symptoms of fever (69%), cough (68%) and shortness of breath (66%) were the most commonly reported. 92% of patients experienced at least one of these. Prevalence of typical symptoms was greatest in 30- to 60-year-olds (respectively 80, 79, 69%; at least one 95%). They were reported less frequently in children (≤ 18 years: 69, 48, 23; 85%), older adults (≥ 70 years: 61, 62, 65; 90%), and women (66, 66, 64; 90%; vs. men 71, 70, 67; 93%, each P &lt; 0.001). The most common atypical presentations under 60 years of age were nausea and vomiting and abdominal pain, and over 60 years was confusion. Regression models showed significant differences in symptoms with sex, age and country. Interpretation: This international collaboration has allowed us to report reliable symptom data from the largest cohort of patients admitted to hospital with COVID-19. Adults over 60 and children admitted to hospital with COVID-19 are less likely to present with typical symptoms. Nausea and vomiting are common atypical presentations under 30 years. Confusion is a frequent atypical presentation of COVID-19 in adults over 60 years. Women are less likely to experience typical symptoms than men

Untersuchung des Einflusses von Integrin Alpha 2 Beta 1 auf den nativen Knochen im Alterungsprozess und die Frakturheilung anhand der Integrin-Alpha2-Knock-out-Maus

In der Arbeit wurden histomorphologische und biomechanische Eigenschaften des nativen Knochens von Wildtyp- und Integrin a2-defizienten Maeusen im Alterungsprozess untersucht, sowie biomechanische Eigenschaften des frakturierten Knochens von 4 Monate alten Tieren im Verlauf der Frakturheilung nach 28 Tagen. Die Ergebnisse zeigen u. a. eine verminderte mineralisierte Flaeche der LWK der Knock-out Tiere bei schnellerer altersabhaengiger Abnahme der Werte bei den Wildtyp-Tieren. Weiterhin ergab sich im Femur der Knock-out Tiere ein geringerer Ausgangswert des Torsionswinkels bei fehlendem altersabhaengigen Anstieg und eine im Verlauf erhoehte Steifigkeit. Die biomechanischen Eigenschaften der frakturierten Femura waren bei den Genotypen vergleichbar. Der Knochen Integrin a2-defizienter Tiere weist osteoporotische Eigenschaften, eine reduzierte Remodelling Rate, sowie geringere Flexibilität auf. Im frakturierten Femur nehmen andere Proteine wichtige Schluesselrollen ein oder gleichen die Defizienz des Integrin a2ß1 aus

Union rates and functional outcome of double plating of the femur: systematic review of the literature

Background!#!The optimal treatment strategy for the surgical management of femur fractures and non-unions remains unknown. The aim of this study is to assess union rates, complications and outcome after femoral double plating. Treatment of shaft, distal, periprosthetic fractures and pathological proximal femur fractures as well as femoral non-unions with double plating were evaluated.!##!Methods!#!A systematic review according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) statement was conducted. Published literature reporting on the treatment and clinical outcome of femoral fractures and non-unions with double plating was identified. In total, 24 studies with 436 cases of double plating, 64 cases of single plating, 84 cases of intramedullary nailing (IM), and 1 interfragmentary screw treatment met the inclusion criteria of this systematic review. The evaluated literature was published between 1991 and 2020.!##!Results!#!Double plating of femoral fractures achieved high healing rates and few complications were reported. It displayed significantly less intraoperative haemorrhage, shorter surgery time reduced risk of malunion in polytraumatised patients when compared to IM. Fracture healing rate of double-plating distal femoral fractures was 88.0%. However, there were no significant differences regarding fracture healing, complication or functional outcome when compared to single plating. Treatment of periprosthetic fractures with double plating displayed high healing rates (88.5%). Double plating of non-unions achieved excellent osseous union rates (98.5%).!##!Conclusions!#!The literature provides evidence for superior outcomes when using double plating in distal femoral fractures, periprosthetic fractures and femoral non-unions. Some evidence suggests that the use of double plating of femoral fractures in polytraumatised patients may be beneficial over other types of fracture fixation.!##!Level of evidence!#!IV