Reise des Entomologen Hermann Loew nach Kleinasien in den Jahren 1841–1842: [Entomologist Hermann Loew’s trip to Asia Minor in the years 1841–1842]

Die Reise des Lehrers und Naturforschers Hermann Loew (1807–1879) in das Osmanische Reich in den Jahren 1841 und 1842 wird rekonstruiert. Sie führte ihn in die heutige westliche Türkei und auf die östlichen griechischen Inseln. Loew ist vor allem als Dipterologe bekannt geworden. Seine wissenschaftlich sehr wertvolle und typenreiche Zweiflügler-Sammlung wird hauptsächlich im Museum für Naturkunde in Berlin aufbewahrt. Sie enthält auch das von ihm auf dieser Expedition nach Kleinasien gesammelte Material. Da diese Reise nie zusammenfassend publiziert wurde und das Sammlungsmaterial nur unzureichend dokumentiert ist, bestand die Notwendigkeit durch entsprechende Recherchen zur Klärung des Typenmaterials beizutragen. Im Abschnitt Material und Methoden werden die verwendeten Informationsquellen genannt und die Arbeit mit dem Archivmaterial wird beschrieben. Anhand der verfügbaren Unterlagen wurde der Reiseverlauf in vier Abschnitten rekonstruiert: 3.1 Vorbereitung und Anreise bis Constantinopel. – 3.2 Von Constantinopel quer durch das Land bis Adalia und Rhodus (Spätsommer und Herbst 1841). – 3.3 Von Rhodus via Smyrna durch die Gebirge und Küstenländer und zurück nach Rhodus (Winter und Frühjahr 1842). – 3.4 Abschluss der Expedition im Sommer 1842 und Heimreise. Die Reiseroute wird auf zwei Karten getrennt für die Jahre 1841 und 1842 dargestellt. Die erwähnten topographischen Namen und Ortsbezeichnungen (einschließlich aller Typenfundorte), werden lokalisiert und tabellarisch zusammengestellt. Den historischen Namen werden ihre modernen Entsprechungen zugeordnet und die heutige administrative und politische Zugehörigkeit dieser Orte sowie ihre geographischen Koordinaten werden genannt. Die verwendeten historischen Quellen sind in einem separaten Verzeichnis aufgeführt. Aus dem von Loew während dieser Reise gesammelten zoologischen Material wurden 254 Arten beschrieben. Sie werden mit den dazugehörigen Literaturstellen genannt. Es folgt eine Übersicht zur vorgefundenen historischen Etikettierung des von der Reise mitgebrachten Materials in der Dipterensammlung Loew.The journey of the teacher and naturalist Hermann Loew (1807–1879) to the Ottoman Empire (today’s western Turkey and eastern Greek islands) in 1841 and 1842 is reconstructed. Loew is best known as a dipterologist. His scientifically very valuable and type-rich collection of two-winged flies is kept primarily in the Museum of Natural History in Berlin. It also contains the material he collected on this expedition to Asia Minor. Since the account of this trip has never been published and the collection material is only insufficiently documented, there was a need to contribute to the clarification of the type material by doing appropriate research.In the Material and Methods section, the studied information sources are listed and the work with the archival material is described. Based on the available documents, the itinerary was reconstructed in four sections: 3.1 Preparation and arrival to Constantinople. – 3.2 From Constantinople across the country to Adalia and Rhodus (late summer and autumn 1841). – 3.3 From Rhodus via Smyrna through the mountains and coastal countries, and back to Rhodus (winter to spring 1842). – 3.4 Completion of the expedition in summer 1842 and the journey home. The route is shown separately on two maps for the years 1841 and 1842. The mentioned topographical names and place names (including all type localities) were pinpointed and compiled in a table. The historical names are assigned their modern equivalents and the current administrative and political assignment of these places as well as their geographical coordinates are given. The historical sources are listed in a separate directory. The 254 species described from the zoological material collected by Loew during this journey are also named with their associated literature. The following is an overview of the historical labeling found on the material brought back from the trip in the Loew Diptera collection

Taxonomy Based on Science Is Necessary for Global Conservation [Formal comment]

Taxonomy is a scientific discipline that has provided the universal naming and classification system of biodiversity for centuries and continues effectively to accommodate new knowledge. A recent publication by Garnett and Christidis expressed concerns regarding the difficulty that taxonomic changes represent for conservation efforts and proposed the establishment of a system to govern taxonomic changes. Their proposal to “restrict the freedom of taxonomic action” through governing subcommittees that would “review taxonomic papers for compliance” and their assertion that “the scientific community\u27s failure to govern taxonomy threatens the effectiveness of global efforts to halt biodiversity loss, damages the credibility of science, and is expensive to society” are flawed in many respects. They also assert that the lack of governance of taxonomy damages conservation efforts, harms the credibility of science, and is costly to society. Despite its fairly recent release, Garnett and Christidis\u27 proposition has already been rejected by a number of colleagues. Herein, we contribute to the conversation between taxonomists and conservation biologists aiming to clarify some misunderstandings and issues in the proposition by Garnett and Christidis. Placing governance over the science of taxonomy blurs the distinction between taxonomy and nomenclature. Garnett and Christidis\u27s proposal is far-reaching but represents a narrow perspective of taxonomy, as utilized by conservation, and reflects an increasingly broad misunderstanding throughout biology of the scientific basis of taxonomy, formalized nomenclature, and the relationship between them. This trend may have resulted from the attenuation of instruction in taxonomic principles and, in particular, nomenclature at many universities, in part because of a shift in research priorities away from taxonomy

Taxonomy based on science is necessary for global conservation

Peer reviewe

Fauna Europaea: Diptera -Brachycera

Link to publication Citation for published version (APA): Pape, T., Beuk, P., Pont, A. C., Shatalkin, A. I., Ozerov, A. L., Woźnica, A. J., ... de Jong, Y. (2015). Fauna Europaea: 3, [e4187]. https://doi.org/10.3897/BDJ.3.e4187 General rights It is not permitted to download or to forward/distribute the text or part of it without the consent of the author(s) and/or copyright holder(s), other than for strictly personal, individual use, unless the work is under an open content license (like Creative Commons). Disclaimer/Complaints regulations If you believe that digital publication of certain material infringes any of your rights or (privacy) interests, please let the Library know, stating your reasons. In case of a legitimate complaint, the Library will make the material inaccessible and/or remove it from the website. Please Ask the Library: https://uba.uva.nl/en/contact, or a letter to: Library of the University of Amsterdam, Secretariat, Singel 425, 1012 WP Amsterdam, The Netherlands. You will be contacted as soon as possible. Abstract Fauna Europaea provides a public web-service with an index of scientific names (including important synonyms) of all extant multicellular European terrestrial and freshwater animals and their geographical distribution at the level of countries and major islands (east of the Urals and excluding the Caucasus region). The Fauna Europaea project comprises about 230,000 taxonomic names, including 130,000 accepted species and 14,000 accepted subspecies, which is much more than the originally projected number of 100,000 species. Fauna Europaea represents a huge effort by more than 400 contributing taxonomic specialists throughout Europe and is a unique (standard) reference suitable for many user communities in science, government, industry, nature conservation and education. The Diptera-Brachycera is one of the 58 Fauna Europaea major taxonomic groups, and data have been compiled by a network of 55 specialists. Within the two-winged insects (Diptera), the Brachycera constitute a monophyletic group, which is generally given rank of suborder. The Brachycera may be classified into the probably paraphyletic 'lower brachyceran grade' and the monophyletic Eremoneura. The latter contains the Empidoidea, the Apystomyioidea with a single Nearctic species, and the Cyclorrhapha, which in turn is divided into the paraphyletic 'aschizan grade' and the monophyletic Schizophora. The latter is traditionally divided into the paraphyletic 'acalyptrate grade' and the monophyletic Calyptratae. Our knowledge of the European fauna of Diptera-Brachycera varies tremendously among families, from the reasonably well known hoverflies (Syrphidae) to the extremely poorly known scuttle flies (Phoridae). There has been a steady growth in our knowledge of European Diptera for the last two centuries, with no apparent slow down, but there is a shift towards a larger fraction of the new species being found among the families of the nematoceran grade (lower Diptera), which due to a larger number of small-sized species may be considered as taxonomically more challenging. Most of Europe is highly industrialised and has a high human population density, and the more fertile habitats are extensively cultivated. This has undoubtedly increased the extinction risk for numerous species of brachyceran flies, yet with the recent re-discovery of Thyreophora cynophila (Panzer), there are no known cases of extinction at a European level. However, few national Red Lists have extensive information on Diptera. For the Diptera-Brachycera, data from 96 families containing 11,751 species are included in this paper

The National Early Warning Score and its subcomponents recorded within ±24 hours of emergency medical admission are poor predictors of hospital-acquired acute kidney injury

YesBackground: Hospital-acquired Acute Kidney Injury (H-AKI) is a common cause of avoidable morbidity and mortality. Aim: To determine if the patients’ vital signs data as defined by a National Early Warning Score (NEWS), can predict H-AKI following emergency admission to hospital. Methods: Analyses of emergency admissions to York hospital over 24-months with NEWS data. We report the area under the curve (AUC) for logistic regression models that used the index NEWS (model A0), plus age and sex (A1), plus subcomponents of NEWS (A2) and two-way interactions (A3). Likewise for maximum NEWS (models B0,B1,B2,B3). Results: 4.05% (1361/33608) of emergency admissions had H-AKI. Models using the index NEWS had the lower AUCs (0.59 to 0.68) than models using the maximum NEWS AUCs (0.75 to 0.77). The maximum NEWS model (B3) was more sensitivity than the index NEWS model (A0) (67.60% vs 19.84%) but identified twice as many cases as being at risk of H-AKI (9581 vs 4099) at a NEWS of 5. Conclusions: The index NEWS is a poor predictor of H-AKI. The maximum NEWS is a better predictor but seems unfeasible because it is only knowable in retrospect and is associated with a substantial increase in workload albeit with improved sensitivity.The Health Foundatio

Serendipidae Evenhuis, 1994 (Insecta: Diptera) and Serendipidae Brooks and Barriga, 1995 (Platyhelminthes: Eucestoda): Proposed Removal of Homonymy

Homonymy between names in the family group may result from similarity, but not identity of the names of their type genera. Such a case involves Serendipa Evenhuis, 1994 and Serendip Brooks and Barriga, 1995. Evenhuis (1994) proposed Serendipa to replace Paratendipes Hong and Wang, 1990 and the Paratendipedidae Hong and Wang, 1990, which had been proposed for P. laiyangensis, a fossil dipteran from Upper Jurassic deposits in China. Evenhuis (1994) reported that Paratendipes Hong and Wang, 1990 was preoccupied by Paratendipes Kieffer, 1911, necessitating the change. Consequently, Paratendipedidae Hong and Wang, 1990 became Serendipidae Evenhuis, 1994

Campsicnemus

Campsicnemus oo Evenhuis, new species (Fig. 26) Diagnosis. Most similar in appearance to C. ii, n. sp. but can be separated from it by the apical process of the mid tibia with an tibial comb and fine hairs at tip (tibial comb and apical hairs absent in C. ii) and the swollen mid tibia with rows of black spines (mid tibia not swollen in C. ii). Description. Male. Body length: 2.5 mm. Wing length: 2.9 mm. Head. Black, face dark brown to black with reddish highlights, dark brown near clypeus; oc and vt black, about one-third length of antennal arista; front, occiput, and vertex black with blue highlights; face constricted at middle, almost holoptic, eyes separated below antennae by width of 1–2 ommatidia; palp small, dark brown; proboscis brown, extending slightly below eye in lateral view; scape and pedicel dark brown; scape length 2 x pedicel; postpedicel and arista broken off and missing. Thorax: Mesoscutum, scutellum, and pleura dark brown to brown throughout, with a few metallic greenish highlights dorsally and dorsolaterally; thoracic setae black: 4 dc; 2 np; 2 ph; 1 pa; 1 + 1 sc; ac absent; halter stem and knob white. Legs: CI yellowish, CII and CIII brown; remainder of legs yellowish; femora unmodified, without MSSC; TiI with large pad-like process apically, length of pad-like process subequal to width of tibia, ventral surface with short stiff spicule-like setae, apical pad-like process with tibial comb (pecten) and small patch of short minute hairs at tip (MSSC), remainder of foreleg unmodified; TiII slightly thicker medially, with 4 strong setae on mesal surface, 7 strong spiky setae on dorsal surface (MSSC) admixed with short fine hairs. TiIII unmodified. Remainder of leg segments without MSSC. Wing: pale smoky throughout; posterior crossvein perpendicular to vein M. Abdomen. Dark brown with short black hairs dorsally on each tergite; sternites brown. Hypopygium dark brown with paler brown cerci, not dissected. Female. Unknown. Types. Holotype ɗ (BPBM Type 16,657) [BPBM 101253] from FRENCH POLYNESIA: Marquesas: NUKU HIVA: Matauuna, 3760 ft [1146 m], 1 Aug 1929, sweeping, Mumford & Adamson, Pacific Entomological Survey. Holotype in BPBM. Etymology. Derives from the Marquesan ‘o‘o = “rubbed, grated”; referring to the incomplete nature of the holotype with broken setae and hairs on the mesonotum and tergites. The name is treated as a noun in apposition.Published as part of Evenhuis, Neal L., 2009, Review of Campsicnemus (Diptera: Dolichopodidae) of the Marquesas, French Polynesia, with description of four new species groups, pp. 25-48 in Zootaxa 2004 on pages 46-47, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.18564