Perencanaan Prototipe Steer by Wire Pada Mobil

Di era mobilitas ini, perkembangan teknologi kendaraan bermotor terutama mobil terus berkembang. Perkembangannya menuju pada penggantian sistem mekanik menjadi elektro-mekanik sehingga dapat dipantau dan dikoreksi oleh electronic control unit (ECU). Salah satu sistem pada mobil yang dikembangkan adalah kemudi, yang disebut steer by wire. Penggunaan mekanikal poros penghubung digantikan oleh perangkat elektronik seperti sensor, motor, dan modul kontrol. Tujuannya adalah untuk meningkatkan aspek keamananan dan Kenyamanan dalam berkendara. Teknologi ini masih baru diproduksi massal pada satu merk mobil, maka dari itu perlu adanya pembelajaran dan pengembangan terhadap steer by wire. Tidak adanya alat peraga teknologi steer by wire membuat Program Studi Teknik Mesin – Program Otomotif tidak dapat ikut serta berperan dalam pengembangannya.Sebagai penyelesaian dari masalah tersebut, dibuat prototipe steer by wire sebagai bahan studi dan sarana pengembangan teknologi sistem kemudi dan stabilitas kendaraan di Program Studi Teknik Mesin – Program Otomotif. Setelah dibuat, prototipe steer by wire ini mampu menyimulasikan sistem kemudi pada mobil tanpa menggunakan poros kemudi atau steering shaft

Time to revise the paradigm of hantavirus syndromes? Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome caused by European hantavirus

Hantaviruses have previously been recognised to cause two separate syndromes: hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome in Eurasia, and hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (HPS) in the Americas. However, increasing evidence suggests that this dichotomy is no longer fruitful when recognising human hantavirus disease and understanding the pathogenesis. Herein are presented three cases of severe European Puumala hantavirus infection that meet the HPS case definition. The clinical and pathological findings were similar to those found in American hantavirus patients. Consequently, hantavirus infection should be considered as a cause of acute respiratory distress in all endemic areas worldwide

PENYU DAN WARGA PULAU SIAU

The study of the perception residents of the Siau island regarding the existence of sea turtles was carried out from June to December 2018. The survey method and direct observation were applied in data collection. The data collected then were analyzed descriptively. The results showed that 88 % of the residents are well acquainted with the life of sea turtles followed by 80 % of the residents knew of the sea turtles’ status as the protected animals through government regulations and international conventions. However, the proportion of residents involved in violating regulations are quite worrying to the survival of sea turtles. For it was found that 29% of the residents were catching sea turtles, 20 % were selling sea turtle meat and eggs, and 82 % were consuming sea turtle meat and eggs. Thefefore, law enforcement and conservation education are absolutely neccesary for the sustainability of sea turtles in North Sulawesi Indonesia. Keywords: Sea turtle, Siau Island, resident’s perception, law enforment. Conservation education  AbstrakTelaah presepsi warga pulau Siau terhadap keberadaan penyu laut telah dilaksanakan pada Juni-Desember 2018.  Metode survey dan observasi langsung diaplikasikan dalam pengumpulan data, dan data dianalisa secara deskripsif. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa warga mengenal dengan baik kehidupan penyu (88%) dan statusnya sebagai satwa yang dilindungi melalui regulasi pemerintah dan konvensi Internasional (80%). Namun proporsi warga yang terlibat dalam pelanggaran terhadap peraturan cukup mengkuartirkan akan keberlangsungan hidup penyu, yakni menangkap penyu (29%), menjual daging dan telur penyu (28%), mengkonsumsi daging dan telur penyu (82%). Penegakkan hukum dan edukasi diperlukan demi kelestarian penyu di Sulawesi Utara dan Indonesia pada umumnya.Kata kunci: Penyu laut, Pulau Siau, persepsi warga, penegakan hokum, pendidikan konservasi 

Pengaruh Likuiditas, Pajak,Profitabilitas terhadap Struktur Modal pada Sektor Aneka Industri yang terdaftar di BEI

Penelitian ini dilakukan pada perusahaan Sektor Aneka Industri yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia dengan tujuan untuk menguji pengaruh Likuiditas, Pajak, dan Profitabilitas Terhadap Struktur Modal. Pendekatan penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian adalah pendekatan kuantitatif. Jenis penelitian yang dipakai adalah deskriptif kuantitatif dan sifat penelitian ini adalah bersifat kausal. Metode pengumpulan data yang diperlukan adalah data sekunder pada laporan keuangan. Penentuan sampel penelitian dengan menggunakan metode purposive sampling. Jumlah populasi sejumlah 42 perusahaan sehingga total jumlah sampel yang akan diteliti sebanyak 19 perusahaan sehingga total jumlah sampel yang akan diteliti sebanyak 57 pengamatan (19×3).Teknik analisis data yang digunakan adalah analisis linear berganda. Berdasarkan hasil analisis ditemukan bahwa Likuiditas secara parsial  berpengaruh negatif dan signifikan terhadap Struktur Modal, Pajak  secara parsial tidak berpengaruh dan tidak signifikan terhadap Struktur Modal, Profitabilitas secara parsial tidak berpengaruh  dan tidak signifikan terhadap Struktur Modal. Secara signifikan Likuiditas, Pajak dan Profitabilitas berpengaruh terhadap Struktur Modal.Hasil uji koefisien determinasi diperoleh nilai Adjusted R Square (R2) sebesar 0,100 atau sama dengan 10 %. Variabel independen berpengaruh terhadap Struktur Modal Pada Perusahaan Sektor Aneka Industri di Bursa Efek Indonesia Periode 2015-2017 sebesar 10 % dan sisanya 90 % dipengaruhi variabel lain seperti Stabilitas Penjualan, Kebijakan Deviden, Struktur Aktiva

Distribution and abundance of key vectors of Rift Valley fever and other arboviruses in two ecologically distinct counties in Kenya

Background Rift Valley fever (RVF) is a mosquito-borne viral zoonosis of ruminants and humans that causes outbreaks in Africa and the Arabian Peninsula with significant public health and economic consequences. Humans become infected through mosquito bites and contact with infected livestock. The virus is maintained between outbreaks through vertically infected eggs of the primary vectors of Aedes species which emerge following rains with extensive flooding. Infected female mosquitoes initiate transmission among nearby animals, which amplifies virus, thereby infecting more mosquitoes and moving the virus beyond the initial point of emergence. With each successive outbreak, RVF has been found to expand its geographic distribution to new areas, possibly driven by available vectors. The aim of the present study was to determine if RVF virus (RVFV) transmission risk in two different ecological zones in Kenya could be assessed by looking at the species composition, abundance and distribution of key primary and secondary vector species and the level of virus activity. Methodology Mosquitoes were trapped during short and long rainy seasons in 2014 and 2015 using CO2 baited CDC light traps in two counties which differ in RVF epidemic risk levels(high risk Tana-River and low risk Isiolo),cryo-preserved in liquid nitrogen, transported to the laboratory, and identified to species. Mosquito pools were analyzed for virus infection using cell culture screening and molecular analysis. Findings Over 69,000 mosquitoes were sampled and identified as 40 different species belonging to 6 genera (Aedes, Anopheles, Mansonia, Culex, Aedeomyia, Coquillettidia). The presence and abundance of Aedes mcintoshi and Aedes ochraceus, the primary mosquito vectors associated with RVFV transmission in outbreaks, varied significantly between Tana-River and Isiolo. Ae. mcintoshi was abundant in Tana-River and Isiolo but notably, Aedes ochraceus found in relatively high numbers in Tana-River (n = 1,290), was totally absent in all Isiolo sites. Fourteen virus isolates including Sindbis, Bunyamwera, and West Nile fever viruses were isolated mostly from Ae. mcintoshi sampled in Tana-River. RVFV was not detected in any of the mosquitoes. Conclusion This study presents the geographic distribution and abundance of arbovirus vectors in two Kenyan counties, which may assist with risk assessment for mosquito borne diseases

Novel Antiviral Activities of Obatoclax, Emetine, Niclosamide, Brequinar, and Homoharringtonine

Viruses are the major causes of acute and chronic infectious diseases in the world. According to the World Health Organization, there is an urgent need for better control of viral diseases. Repurposing existing antiviral agents from one viral disease to another could play a pivotal role in this process. Here, we identified novel activities of obatoclax and emetine against herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2), echovirus 1 (EV1), human metapneumovirus (HMPV) and Rift Valley fever virus (RVFV) in cell cultures. Moreover, we demonstrated novel activities of emetine against influenza A virus (FLUAV), niclosamide against HSV-2, brequinar against human immunodeficiency virus 1 (HIV-1), and homoharringtonine against EV1. Our findings may expand the spectrum of indications of these safe-in-man agents and reinforce the arsenal of available antiviral therapeutics pending the results of further in vitro and in vivo tests

A prospective study of the relationship between prediagnostic Human Papillomavirus seropositivity and HPV DNA in subsequent cervical carcinomas

Several prospective studies with invasive carcinoma as endpoint have supported Human Papillomavirus as a cause of cervical carcinoma. However, the largest study used seroepidemiology and did not analyse presence of Human Papillomavirus DNA in the subsequent tumour. Linkage of serum bank registries and cancer registries had identified 196 women with a registered cervical carcinoma after donation of a serum sample. For the present study, biopsies for 127 cases could be located, verified to contain invasive carcinoma and be amplified by PCR. Three control women who had remained alive and without cervical carcinoma during an equal length of follow-up had been matched to each of the case women and tested for HPV antibodies. Presence of Human Papillomavirus DNA in the tumours was analysed by general primer and type specific PCR. HPV16-seropositive women had a relative risk of 4.4 (95% CI: 2.2–8.8) to develop cervical carcinoma carrying HPV16 DNA. By contrast, there was no excess risk for Human Papillomavirus 16-seropositive women to develop cervical carcinoma devoid of HPV16 DNA. Prediagnostic HPV16 seropositivity was strongly correlated with later HPV16 DNA positivity of the tumour (P<0.001) and prediagnostic HPV18 seropositivity correlated with HPV18 DNA in the tumour (P<0.03). The link between prediagnostic seropositivity and type of viral DNA in the cancer implies that the carcinogenic effect of infection with these viruses is dependent on persistent presence of type-specific viral DNA

Extended duration of the detectable stage by adding HPV test in cervical cancer screening

The human papillomavirus test (HPV) test could improve the (cost-) effectiveness of cervical screening by selecting women with a very low risk for cervical cancer during a long period. An analysis of a longitudinal study suggests that women with a negative Pap smear and a negative HPV test have a strongly reduced risk of developing cervical abnormalities in the years following the test, and that HPV testing lengthens the detectable stage by 2-5 years, compared to Pap smear detection alone