Sugar-sweetened beverages and weight gain in children and adults: a systematic review from 2013 to 2015 and a comparison with previous studies

Objective: Partly inconsistent findings from previous reviews have fueled discussions on the impact of sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs) on obesity development. The aim was to systematically review the recent evidence in children and adults. Methods: Data were retrieved from the databases MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Cochrane library for the period January 2013 to October 2015. A systematic review of prospective cohort studies and randomized controlled trials (RCTs) relating SSBs to weight measures was conducted. Results: 30 publications met the inclusion criteria. Prospective cohort studies (96%; n = 26) showed a positive association between consumption of SSBs and weight/BMI in adults and children (n = 242,352), and only one cohort study in children showed no association. Findings from three RCTs in children demonstrated that SSB consumption had an effect on BMI/BMI z-score. The one RCT in adults showed no significant effect of the intervention. 63% of the studies were of good, 30% of medium quality, and none was funded by industry. Conclusion: Recent evidence suggests that SSB consumption is positively associated with or has an effect on obesity indices in children and adults. By combining the already published evidence with the new one, we conclude that public health policies should aim to reduce the consumption of SSBs and encourage healthy alternatives such as water. (c) 2017 The Author(s) Published by S. Karger GmbH, Freibur

Differences in serum magnesium levels in diabetic and non-diabetic patients following one-anastomosis gastric bypass

Patients with obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) are regarded to have reduced serum magnesium (Mg) concentrations. We aimed to assess the changes in serum Mg concentrations at 12-month follow-up in patients, with and without T2DM, who underwent one anastomosis gastric bypass surgery. Overall, 50 patients (80% female, age 42.2 (12.5) years) with morbid obesity (mean baseline BMI 43.8 (4.3) kg/m2) were included in the analysis. Half of the included patients had T2DM diagnosed at baseline, and these patients showed lower serum Mg concentration (0.78 (0.07)) vs. 0.83 (0.05) mmol/L; p = 0.006), higher blood glucose levels (129.9 (41.3) vs. 87.6 (8.1) mg/dL; p < 0.001) as well as HbA1c concentrations (6.7 (1.4) vs. 5.3 (0.5)%; p < 0.001). During follow-up, BMI and glucose levels showed a decrease; however, serum Mg levels remained stable. At baseline 42% of patients were found to be Mg deficient, which was reduced to 33% at six months and to 30% at 12 months follow-up. Moreover, patients with T2DM had an odds ratio of 9.5 (95% CI = 3.0–29.7; p < 0.001) for magnesium deficiency when compared to patients without T2DM. Further research into the role of Mg and its role in T2DM and other obesity-related comorbidities are needed

Moderate continuous or high intensity interval exercise in heart failure with reduced ejection fraction : Differences between ischemic and non-ischemic etiology

publishedVersio

Baseline and exercise predictors of VO2peak in systolic heart failure patients : Results from SMARTEX-HF

Author's accepted version (postprint).This is an Accepted Manuscript of an article published by American College of Sports Medicine in Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise on 04/11/2019.Available online: https://journals.lww.com/acsm-msse/FullText/2020/04000/Baseline_and_Exercise_Predictors_of_V_O2peak_in.5.aspxacceptedVersio

Promotion of Food and Beverages by German-Speaking Influencers Popular with Adolescents on TikTok, YouTube and Instagram

The promotion of nutritionally poor food and beverages (F&amp;B) has a proven effect on children&rsquo;s eating preferences and, therefore, plays a significant role in today&rsquo;s childhood obesity epidemic. This study&rsquo;s objective was to assess the prevalence (exposure) and context (power) of the F&amp;B cues in influencer content across three platforms: TikTok, YouTube, and Instagram. The selected influencers were popular with adolescents, with a combined total of more than 34 million followers/subscribers. We employed the YouTube Influencer Marketing Protocol from the World Health Organization (WHO) as our basis for coding. We analysed a total of 360 videos/posts and, of these, 24% contained F&amp;B cues, which is equivalent to 18.1 F&amp;B cues/hour. In total, 77% of the cues were not permitted for children&rsquo;s advertising, according to WHO criteria, and this was stable across all platforms, with chocolate and sugary confectionery (23%) as the most frequently featured products. Not-permitted F&amp;B had a four-times higher chance of being branded, a five-times higher chance of being described positively, and received significantly more &lsquo;likes&rsquo;. In 62% of the analysed presentations, the branded product was mentioned, yet only 6% of the content was labelled as advertising. The present analysis delivers further grounds for discussion for policies and regulations of influencer marketing

Identification of the Mouse T Cell ADP-Ribosylome Uncovers ARTC2.2 Mediated Regulation of CD73 by ADP-Ribosylation

Mouse T cells express the ecto-ADP-ribosyltransferase ARTC2.2, which can transfer the ADP-ribose group of extracellular nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD$^{+}$) to arginine residues of various cell surface proteins thereby influencing their function. Several targets of ARTC2.2, such as P2X7, CD8a and CD25 have been identified, however a comprehensive mouse T cell surface ADP-ribosylome analysis is currently missing. Using the Af1521 macrodomain-based enrichment of ADP-ribosylated peptides and mass spectrometry, we identified 93 ADP-ribsoylated peptides corresponding to 67 distinct T cell proteins, including known targets such as CD8a and CD25 but also previously unknown targets such as CD73. We evaluated the impact of ADP-ribosylation on the capability of CD73 to generate adenosine from adenosine monophosphate. Our results show that extracellular NAD$^{+}$ reduces the enzymatic activity of CD73 HEK cells co-transfected with CD73/ARTC2.2. Importantly, NAD$^{+}$ significantly reduced CD73 activity on WT CD8 T cells compared to ARTC2ko CD8 T cells or WT CD8 T cells treated with an ARTC2.2-blocking nanobody. Our study provides a comprehensive list of T cell membrane proteins that serve as targets for ADP-ribosylation by ARTC2.2 and whose function may be therefore affected by ADP-ribosylation

Geriatrics & Gerontology International / Behavior changes by a buddystyle intervention including physical training, and nutritional and social support

Aim Previous research suggests that multicomponent interventions including physical training, and nutritional and social support are required to improve a person's behavior. As a prespecified secondary outcome, this analysis aimed to ascertain whether a “buddystyle” intervention could produce physical activity and nutritional behavior changes in older adults. Methods A 12week, homebased, randomized controlled trial was carried out with 80 older persons, who were randomly assigned to an intervention group (n = 39), including physical training and nutritional support, and a control group (n = 41). Trained nonprofessional volunteers visited the participants at home twice a week. Physical activity and nutritional behavior were assessed through validated questionnaires. Results In total, 36 participants in the intervention group and 26 participants in the control group completed the final questionnaire. The intervention group showed significant improvements in physical activity behavior, such as light sport activity ( = 9.13, 95% CI 0.9017.37 min/day; P = 0.030), muscle strength exercise ( = 68.18, 95% CI 46.4589.91 min/week; P < 0.001) and overall activities ( = 0.69, 95% CI 0.211.18 h/day; P = 0.006), compared with the control group. Nutritional behavior improvements for the intervention group were observed in the consumption of legumes/nuts ( = 0.18, 95% CI 0.000.35 portions/day; P = 0.047) and fluids ( = 0.48, 95% CI 0.010.98 portions/day; P = 0.050), relative to controls. Conclusions A “buddystyle” program in older adults living at home can produce effective physical activity changes and, to a lesser extent, changes in dietary behavior, and has the potential to be efficient and feasible.(VLID)510166

Wiener klinische Wochenschrift / Changes in health parameters in older lay volunteers who delivered a lifestyle-based program to frail older people at home

Objective To measure health effects in lay volunteers who made home visits consisting of social interaction, nutritional and physical exercise interventions to pre-frail and frail older people (trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT01991639). Methods After baseline, participants were followed-up at 12 (V1) and 24 (V2) weeks. A one-repetition maximum (1-RPM) and handgrip were measured with the Concept2®DYNO and a dynamometer. The Physical Activity Scale for the Elderly was used to assess physical activity, and Food Frequency Questionnaire and the Mediterranean Diet Adherence Screener for nutrition. Additionally, quality of life (QoL) was measured with the World Health Organization (WHO) quality of life brief questionnaire and anthropometric measurements were performed using bioelectrical impedance analysis. Results Handgrip values significantly increased from 32.147.94kg to 33.696.72kg at V1 and 34.366.96kg at V2. The 1RPM on the leg press showed a significant increase from 72.4725.37kg to 78.1223.77 kg and 80.8527.99kg, respectively. We observed a significant decrease of protein intake from 0.380.26g/kgBW/day to 0.320.19g/kgBW/day and 0.260.16 g/kgBW/day, respectively. There were no changes in physical activity, QoL and anthropometric measurements. Conclusion The findings indicate that projects involving aging healthy volunteers may have additional limited health benefits.(VLID)360170