315 research outputs found
Ethyl 2-[(carbamoylÂamino)Âimino]ÂpropanoÂate hemihydrate
The title compound, C6H11N3O3·0.5H2O, has two independent molÂecules and one molÂecule of water in the asymmetric unit. The crystal packing is stabilized by interÂmolecular NâHâŻN, OâHâŻO, NâHâŻO and CâHâŻO hydrogen bonds. These interÂactions form a two-dimensional array in the ab plane with a zigzag motif which has an angle close to 35° between the zigzag planes. The hydrogen bonding can be best described using the graph-set notation as N
1 = C(10)R
2
2(10)R
2
2(8) and N
2 = R
6
4(20)R
2
2(8)
A STUDY USING VIRTUAL REALITY AS A SOURCE OF COMPLEMENTARY INFORMATION FOR NUCLEAR MEDICINE PATIENTS AND ITS RELATIVES
This work consists in the research, analysis and unification of the guidelines transmitted to the patients and their relatives in the radioiodine therapy procedures. The goal is to provide greater understanding of the use of nuclear radiation and better understanding of treatment, to help patients better adapt to therapy, to demystify misconceptions about radiation use, and to improve care for their protection and for people close to them. Based on written and verbal information, collected in the scientific literature and in loco accompanying the routine of the therapeutic rooms of Nuclear Medicine Services in Rio de Janeiro, the set of actions that define scenarios experienced by radioiodine therapy patients and their helpers is being generated. Based on this information, a virtual environment is being developed in the Virtual Reality Laboratory of the Institute of Nuclear Engineering (IEN / CNEN), a virtual environment that will allow the visualization of the procedures and instructions passed to the patients by the SMN1 teams. With this virtual environment, the patient will be able to perform an immersive visualization and to experience the different phases of the treatment, increasing the chances of efficiency of their participation in the process
Ethyl 2-[(carbamothioylÂamino)Âimino]ÂpropanoÂate
The title compound, C6H11N3O2S, consists of a roughly planar molÂecule (r.m.s deviation from planarity = 0.077â
Ă
for the non-H atoms) and has the S atom in an anti position to the imine N atom. This N atom is the acceptor of a strongly bent interÂnal NâHâŻN hydrogen bond donated by the amino group. In the crystal, molÂecules are arranged in undulating layers parallel to (010). The molÂecules are linked via interÂmolecular aminoâcarboxyl NâHâŻO hydrogen bonds, forming chains parallel to [001]. The chains are cross-linked by NcarbazoneâHâŻS and CâHâŻS interÂactions, forming infinite sheets
Tolerance to water deficit of cowpea genotypes
Objetivou-se, neste trabalho, avaliar o efeito do dĂ©ficit hĂdrico sobre as caracterĂsticas fisiolĂłgicas e produtivas do feijĂŁo-caupi e selecionar genĂłtipos tolerantes Ă seca. Avaliaram-se a condutĂąncia estomĂĄtica, o potencial hĂdrico foliar, a temperatura das folhas e a produtividade de grĂŁos de 20 genĂłtipos de feijĂŁo-caupi nas condiçÔes de solo e clima de Teresina, PiauĂ, no ano de 2008 e se conduziram dois experimentos em delineamento de blocos ao acaso com 20 tratamentos e quatro repetiçÔes, um sob dĂ©ficit hĂdrico durante a fase reprodutiva e outro sob irrigação plena, para fins de comparação. O dĂ©ficit hĂdrico, que foi obtido aplicando-se aproximadamente metade da lĂąmina requerida pelo feijĂŁo-caupi, reduziu em 72% a condutĂąncia estomĂĄtica, 62% o potencial de ĂĄgua nas folhas, 60% a produção de grĂŁos e aumentou em 11,7% a temperatura foliar. Nas condiçÔes de dĂ©ficit hĂdrico treze genĂłtipos produziram acima da mĂ©dia (466 kg ha-1), com destaque para o BRS-Paraguaçu, Pingo-de-ouro-1-2 e Pingo-de-ouro-2, que produziram 712 kg ha-1, 667 kg ha-1 e 642 kg ha-1, respectivamente. Em mĂ©dia, a produtividade de grĂŁos dos genĂłtipos sob irrigação plena foi 150% superior.The objective of this study was to evaluate physiological and productive characteristics of cowpea under water deficit and total irrigation, under soil and climate conditions of Teresina, PiauĂ State, in 2008. The stomatal conductance, leaf water potential, leaf temperature and grain yield of twenty cowpea cultivars were evaluated. Two experiments were carried out in a randomized block design with 20 treatments and four replications, one under water deficit during the reproductive phase and another one under total irrigation. The water deficit was obtained applying half of the water depth required by cowpea. The water deficit reduced 72% of the stomatal conductance, 40% the leaf transpiration, 62% of the leaf water potential, 60% of the grain yield and increased 11.7% the leaf temperature. Under water deficit, 13 genotypes produced above average (466 kg ha-1), and BRS-Paraguaçu, Pingo-de-ouro-1-2 and Pingo-de-ouro-2 presented the best grain yield with712 kg ha-1, 667 kg ha-1 and 642 kg ha-1, respectively. The average grain yield of the experiment under total irrigation was 150% higher
Cultivation-independent methods applied to the microbial prospection of oil and gas in soil from a sedimentary basin in Brazil
The upper parts of oil field structures may leak gas which is supposed to be indirectly detected by the soil bacterial populations. Such microorganisms are capable of consuming this gas, supporting the Microbial Prospection of Oil and Gas (MPOG) methodology. The goal of the present work was to characterize microbial communities involved in short-chain alkane metabolism, namely methane, ethane and propane, in samples from a petroliferous (P) soil through clone libraries of the 16S rRNA gene of the Domains Bacteria and Archaea and the catabolic gene coding for the soluble di-iron monooxygenase (SDIMO) enzyme alpha subunit. The microbial community presented high abundance of the bacterial phylum Actinobacteria, which represented 53% of total clones, and the Crenarchaeota group I.1b from the Archaea Domain. The analysis of the catabolic genes revealed the occurrence of seven Operational Protein Families (OPF) and higher richness (Chao = 7; Ace = 7.5) and diversity (Shannon = 1.09) in P soil when compared with a non-petroliferous (Np) soil (Chao = 2; Ace = 0, Shannon = 0.44). Clones related to the ethene monooxygenase (EtnC) and methane monooxygenase (MmoX) coding genes occurred only in P soil, which also presented higher levels of methane and lower levels of ethane and propane, revealed by short-chain hydrocarbon measures. Real-time PCR results suggested that the SDIMO genes occur in very low abundance in the soil samples under study. Further investigations on SDIMOs genes in natural environments are necessary to unravel their still uncharted diversity and to provide reliable tools for the prospection of degrading populations
Agreement between BMI and body fat obesity definitions in a physically active population
Body mass index (BMI) is a widely used proxy of body composition (BC). Concerns exist regarding possible BMI misclassification among active populations. We compared the prevalence of obesity as categorized by BMI or by skinfold estimates of body fat percentage (BF%) in a physically active population. Subjects and methods 3,822 military firefighters underwent a physical fitness evaluation including cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) by the 12 min-Cooper test, abdominal strength by sit-up test (SUT) and body composition (BC) by BF% (as the reference), as well as BMI. Obesity was defined by BF% > 25% and BMI ℠30 kg/m2. Agreement was evaluated by sensitivity and specificity of BMI, positive and negative predictive values (PPV/NPV), positive and negative likelihood (LR+/LR-), receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves and also across age, CRF and SUT subgroups. Results The prevalence of obesity estimated by BMI (13.3%) was similar to BF% (15.9%). Overall agreement was high (85.8%) and varied in different subgroups (75.3-94.5%). BMI underestimated the prevalence of obesity in all categories with high specificity (℠81.2%) and low sensitivity (†67.0). All indices were affected by CRF, age and SUT, with better sensitivity, NPV and LR- in the less fit and older groups; and higher specificity, PPV and LR+ among the fittest and youngest groups. ROC curves showed high area under the curve (℠0.77) except for subjects with CRF ℠14 METs (= 0.46). Conclusion Both measures yielded similar obesity prevalences, with high agreement. BMI did not overestimate obesity prevalence. BMI ℠30 was highly specific to exclude obesity. Because of systematic under estimation, a lower BMI cut-off point might be considered in this population
IncĂȘndios florestais no entorno de Unidades de Conservação â estudo de caso na Estação EcolĂłgica de Ăguas Emendadas, Distrito Federal.
This study aimed to analyze aspects of fire use on urban areas around Ăguas Emendadas Ecological Station (ESECAE), in Distrito Federal, and to evaluate the foremost fire occurrences, equipment availability and tools for combatants and beyond decreasing forest fire incidences. The local population in town region around it (considering three kilometers as ray from the station), fire crew members units of conservation and the garrison body of firemen were interviewed in a representative form. Results had shown that most inclined areas to forest fire occurrence (33.4% highways edges and secondary roads) had their localization related to urban environment, in which 34% of residents used fire as land cleanness. Machines availability, tools and equipment for execution of the activities on prevention and combat exist; however, there is not any equipment for individual protection for all fire crew members. As a solution, educative campaigns to emphasize the negative consequences of using fire (as a tool land) and also to alert people for the risks caused by it should be done.Esta pesquisa foi desenvolvida com objetivo de analisar aspectos sobre o uso do fogo nas circunvizinhanças urbanas da Estação EcolĂłgica de Ăguas Emendadas (ESECAE), no Distrito Federal, avaliar as principais ocorrĂȘncias de incĂȘndios, disponibilidade de mĂĄquinas, equipamentos e ferramentas para a brigada de combate e fornecer subsĂdios para diminuição da incidĂȘncia de incĂȘndios florestais. A população residente nas ĂĄreas urbanas do entorno (num raio de trĂȘs quilĂŽmetros) e os brigadistas da unidade de conservação e da guarnição do Corpo de Bombeiros foram entrevistados. Os resultados mostraram que existem ĂĄreas mais propensas Ă ocorrĂȘncia de incĂȘndios florestais (margens de rodovias e estradas vicinais - 33,4%) em conseqĂŒĂȘncia da sua localização e a interação com o meio urbano, onde o fogo era usado na limpeza de terrenos por 34% da população. Existe disponibilidade de mĂĄquinas, equipamentos e ferramentas para a execução das atividades de prevenção e combate, porĂ©m, nĂŁo existem equipamentos de proteção individual (EPI's) para todos os brigadistas. Para a população urbana, as campanhas educativas devem enfatizar as consequĂȘncias negativas do uso do fogo e os riscos dos incĂȘndios florestais
Synergism in the antibacterial action of ternary mixtures involving silver nanoparticles, chitosan and antibiotics
The investigations of the antibacterial actions, observed in ternary associations involving silver nanoparticles (AgNPs), chitosan and the antibiotics azithromycin (AZ), levofloxacin (LE) or tetracycline (TE), against Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacterial strains, were performed by in vitro antimicrobial susceptibility testing and checkerboard assays. The pH impact in the culture medium was carefully discarded, but preserving the best conditions for solubilizing chitosan. The synergistic antibacterial effects were observed in the most combinations of AgNPs, chitosan and antibiotic, leading to a reduction from 37 to 97% in the minimum inhibitory concentration of the drugs. The mechanisms for the enhanced antimicrobial effects were proposed based on the investigations of the adsorptions of the drugs on the silver surfaces through surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) spectroscopy.
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