Análise do conteúdo de zoologia de vertebrados em livros didáticos aprovados pelo PNLEM 2009

O livro didático é um importante material de apoio aos estudantes de instituições de ensino público do país, sendo disponibilizado através do Programa Nacional do Livro para Ensino Médio (PNLEM). Por meio de uma série de etapas formuladas pelo Fundo Nacional de Desenvolvimento da Educação (FNDE), os livros são avaliados por especialistas, objetivando disponibilizar às escolas obras isentas de conceitos ou informações incorretas. O objetivo do trabalho foi analisar o conteúdo de zoologia de vertebrados presente em três obras disponibilizadas através do PNLEM 2009, utilizadas em três instituições de ensino médio do município de Ponta Grossa, Paraná. Observamos que, mesmo com as inúmeras etapas de análise estabelecidas pelo FNDE para o PNLEM 2009, todas as obras contempladas nesta pesquisa apresentaram falhas

Validation of automated apparatus for upper limb velocity testing

The purpose of this paper was to validate the ability of automated devices to measure the velocity of the upper limbs. Thus, 144 students, from 8 to 17 years old, both sexes, participated in the study in a social project in the city of Natal/RN. The Automated Tapping Test (AATT) was developed following the dimensions of the original EUROFIT test, but built out of metal parts, so that the calibration was more accurate and could be read as an electronic signal by the integrated circuit. The upper limb velocity test was applied in three steps: before performing the original test, all participants underwent a laterality check and then motor practice similar to the original test. After 30 minutes, the first step in the pattern established by the EUROFIT test battery was performed and 30 minutes later, the third stage, with the AATT. The measurement reliability of the automated apparatus was tested through intraclass correlations and a strong intraclass interaction coefficient of r = 0.901 was found. In conclusion, the AATT was found to be accurate and efficient as to what it is proposed to evaluate, being able to minimize the intra-evaluator error and to assist professionals in the sports

Beyond instrumentalism: broadening the understanding of social innovation in socio-technical energy systems

Social innovation is an important dimension of current transformations in energy systems. It can refer to alternative business models, novel policy instruments, financing schemes, participatory governance approaches to energy questions, or new discourses. Its significance for energy systems is often considered in narrow instrumentalist terms, reducing it to a tool serving particular policy objectives. Grounding the concept in social science and humanities insights, this review essay proposes a broadened social innovation understanding. We propose 1) to open up the normative complexity of the concept; 2) to appreciate the multi-actor nature of social innovation; 3) to understand it as an analytical entry point for socio-material intertwinement; and, 4) to understand social innovation as premised on experimentalism-based intervention logics. The proposed social innovation understandings provide a broader imagination and strategizing of structural changes in energy systems

Impact of COVID-19 on cardiovascular testing in the United States versus the rest of the world

Objectives: This study sought to quantify and compare the decline in volumes of cardiovascular procedures between the United States and non-US institutions during the early phase of the coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has disrupted the care of many non-COVID-19 illnesses. Reductions in diagnostic cardiovascular testing around the world have led to concerns over the implications of reduced testing for cardiovascular disease (CVD) morbidity and mortality. Methods: Data were submitted to the INCAPS-COVID (International Atomic Energy Agency Non-Invasive Cardiology Protocols Study of COVID-19), a multinational registry comprising 909 institutions in 108 countries (including 155 facilities in 40 U.S. states), assessing the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on volumes of diagnostic cardiovascular procedures. Data were obtained for April 2020 and compared with volumes of baseline procedures from March 2019. We compared laboratory characteristics, practices, and procedure volumes between U.S. and non-U.S. facilities and between U.S. geographic regions and identified factors associated with volume reduction in the United States. Results: Reductions in the volumes of procedures in the United States were similar to those in non-U.S. facilities (68% vs. 63%, respectively; p = 0.237), although U.S. facilities reported greater reductions in invasive coronary angiography (69% vs. 53%, respectively; p < 0.001). Significantly more U.S. facilities reported increased use of telehealth and patient screening measures than non-U.S. facilities, such as temperature checks, symptom screenings, and COVID-19 testing. Reductions in volumes of procedures differed between U.S. regions, with larger declines observed in the Northeast (76%) and Midwest (74%) than in the South (62%) and West (44%). Prevalence of COVID-19, staff redeployments, outpatient centers, and urban centers were associated with greater reductions in volume in U.S. facilities in a multivariable analysis. Conclusions: We observed marked reductions in U.S. cardiovascular testing in the early phase of the pandemic and significant variability between U.S. regions. The association between reductions of volumes and COVID-19 prevalence in the United States highlighted the need for proactive efforts to maintain access to cardiovascular testing in areas most affected by outbreaks of COVID-19 infection

Doses e modos de aplicação de boro na produção de mudas de nespereira

The loquat cultivation is increasing in Brazil and in the world and is an important source of income for small farms, however, the production of seedlings can be an obstacle to its expansion. Thus the aim of this study was to evaluate Boron reflection on the quality of loquat seedlings, and the place of supply to plants parent by determining the most effective application method in this process. There were four boron doses (0, 2.5, 5.0 and 7.5 mg dm-3) and two application sites (soil and leaf). The use of boron instock plants improves the root system of plants from cuttings, the most efficient foliar application than the soil. The application of this micronutrient promotes balance between root / shoot, ensuring the formation of a balanced changes, given that the leaf supply increases the volume of the stake roots. Therefore the supply of boron to headquarters makes the process effectively, reducing cost, optimizing time and assuring the quality of fruit seedlings.O cultivo de nêsperas vem aumentando no Brasil e no mundo, sendo uma importante fonte de renda para pequenas propriedades, no entanto, a produção de mudas pode ser um gargalo de sua expansão. Dessa forma o objetivo do presente trabalho foi avaliar o reflexo do boro na qualidade das mudas de nespereira, bem como o local de seu fornecimento às plantasmães determinando-se o modo de aplicação mais eficiente neste processo. Foram utilizadas quatro doses de boro (0; 2,5; 5,0 e 7,5 mg dm-3 ) e dois locais de aplicação (no solo e foliar). A utilização de boro nas plantas-matrizes melhora o sistema radicular das mudas obtidas por estaquia, sendo a aplicação foliar mais eficiente do que via solo. A aplicação deste micronutriente promove o equilíbrio entre raiz/parte aérea, garantindo a formação de uma muda equilibrada, haja vista que o fornecimento foliar aumenta o volume de raízes da estaca. Portanto o fornecimento de boro às matrizes torna o processo eficaz, reduzindo custo, otimizando tempo e garantindo a qualidade das mudas frutíferas.Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES

HrrF Is the Fur-Regulated Small RNA in Nontypeable <i>Haemophilus influenzae</i>

<div><p>Nontypeable <i>Haemophilus influenza</i>e (NTHi) are Gram-negative commensal bacteria that reside in the nasopharynx. NTHi can also cause multiple upper and lower respiratory tract diseases that include sinusitis, conjunctivitis, bronchitis, and otitis media. In numerous bacterial species the ferric uptake regulator (Fur) acts as a global regulator of iron homeostasis by negatively regulating the expression of iron uptake systems. However in NTHi strain 86-028NP and numerous other bacterial species there are multiple instances where Fur positively affects gene expression. It is known that many instances of positive regulation by Fur occur indirectly through a small RNA intermediate. However, no examples of small RNAs have been described in NTHi. Therefore we used RNA-Seq analysis to analyze the transcriptome of NTHi strain 86-028NP<i>rpsL</i> and an isogenic 86-028NP<i>rpsL</i>Δ<i>fur</i> strain to identify Fur-regulated intergenic transcripts. From this analysis we identified HrrF, the first small RNA described in any <i>Haemophilus</i> species. Orthologues of this small RNA exist only among other <i>Pasteurellaceae</i>. Our analysis showed that HrrF is maximally expressed when iron levels are low. Additionally, Fur was shown to bind upstream of the <i>hrrF</i> promoter. RNA-Seq analysis was used to identify targets of HrrF which include genes whose products are involved in molybdate uptake, deoxyribonucleotide synthesis, and amino acid biosynthesis. The stability of HrrF is not dependent on the RNA chaperone Hfq. This study is the first step in an effort to investigate the role small RNAs play in altering gene expression in response to iron limitation in NTHi.</p></div

Aerobic fitness is associated with improved repeated sprints ability of basketball players after six weeks of training during preseason

The repeated sprints ability (RSA) is considered an important attribute for basketball, being aerobic fitness pointed out as limiting factor for repetition of sprints. The aim of the study was to verify if the change in VO2PEAK is related to the improvement of RSA after six weeks of training during preseason. Twelve male college basketball players aged 18-24 participated in the study. Players were submitted to body composition evaluation, maximum incremental treadmill test and RSA test (6x30-m) before and after six weeks of training. For the purpose of the study, the calculation of the change percentage delta was used. Paired t-test was used to verify differences after training and Pearson’s correlation and simple linear regression were used to verify the relationship between Δ%VO2PEAK and Δ%RSA. There were improvements in RSAPEAK (t (1.11) = 2.7, p = 0.023); RSAMEAN (t (1.11)= 2.8, p= 0.019); RSATOTAL (t (1.11)= 2.6, p= 0.028); RSADEC (t (1.11)= 2.9, p = 0.015); and sprints 4 (t (1.11)= 2.4, p= 0.037); 5 (t (1.11)= 3.14, p= 0.010); and 6 (t (1.11)= 3.65, p= 0.004) and VO2PEAK (t (1.11)= -5.4, p <0.001); Δ%VO2PEAK was related to Δ%RSAMEAN (r= -0.667; r2= 0.383), Δ%RSATOTAL (r= -0.673; r2= 0.393), Δ%Sprint 3 (r= -0.669; r2= 0.387), Δ%Sprint 4 (r= -0.659 ; r2 = 0.371), Δ%Sprint 5 (r= -0.689; r2 = 0.413), Δ%Sprint 6 (r= -0.678; r2 = 0.400). It is possible to conclude that ~ 39% of the improvement in variables associated with the maintenance of repeated sprints (RSAMEAN, RSATOTAL, Sprints 3,4,5 and 6) of basketball players was accompanied by an increase of ~ 7.5% in VO2PEAK

HrrF expression is iron-responsive and Fur-dependent.

<p><b>A.</b> Total RNA was purified from strains 86-028NP<i>rpsL</i>, 86-028NP<i>rpsL</i>Δ<i>fur</i>, 86-028NP<i>rpsL</i>Δ<i>fur</i>Δ<i>hrrF_L,</i> and 86-028NP<i>rpsL</i>Δ<i>fur</i>Δ<i>hfq</i> grown in DIS to mid-logarithmic phase at 37°C with shaking at 50rpm. Northern blots were performed using an RNA probe specific for HrrF. The parent strain produced low levels of the ∼97nt HrrF transcript. Strain 86-028NP<i>rpsLΔfur</i> produced HrrF transcript at a greater level than the parent strain. The ∼260nt HrrF_L transcript was only produced at detectable levels in the 86-028NP<i>rpsL</i>Δ<i>fur</i> strain. Transcript levels of HrrF produced in the 86-028NP<i>rpsL</i>Δ<i>furΔhfq</i> strain were similar to that produced in the 86-028NP<i>rpsL</i>Δ<i>fur</i> strain indicating that Hfq was not required for HrrF stability. <b>B.</b> Total RNA was collected from strains 86-028NP<i>rpsL,</i> 86-028NP<i>rpsL</i>Δ<i>hrrF_L,</i> and 86-028NP<i>rpsL</i>Δ<i>hfq</i> grown as in (<b>A</b>). At mid-logarithmic phase cultures were split in two and 2,2′-bipyridine was added to one aliquot at a final concentration of 500 µM for 15min. Total RNA was then collected and used for northern blot analysis. HrrF transcript levels increased upon iron chelation. The ∼260nt HrrF_L transcript was only detectable upon addition of 2,2′-bipyridine. HrrF transcript levels produced in the 86-028NP<i>rpsL</i>Δ<i>hfq</i> strain were similar to parental HrrF levels after iron chelation indicating that Hfq was not required for HrrF stability. HrrF transcript was not detectable in RNA from <i>the hrrF_L</i> mutant strain demonstrating the RNA probe's specificity. <b>C.</b> NTHi 86-028NP<i>rpsL</i> was chelated with 2,2′-bipyridine as in (<b>B</b>). After 15 minutes of chelation FeSO₄ was added to the chelated culture for 20 minutes. Culture aliquots were collected for total RNA extraction before chelation, after 15 minutes of chelation, and 5, 10, and 20 minutes after the addition of FeSO4. HrrF transcript levels decreased over time in response to iron addition. All blots were stripped and probed again with an RNA probe specific for the 5S rRNA to serve as a loading control.</p

The half-life of HrrF is not dependent on Hfq.

<p>The 86-028NP<i>rpsL</i>Δ<i>fur</i>(pT), 86-028NP<i>rpsL</i>Δ<i>fur</i>Δ<i>hfq</i>(pT), and 86-028NP<i>rpsL</i>Δ<i>fur</i>Δ<i>hfq</i>(pT-<i>hfq</i>) strains were grown to mid-logarithmic phase in DIS at 37°C with shaking at 50rpm. Rifampicin was then added to a final concentration of 250 µM to inhibit transcription. At 0, 2, 4, 6, 10, 20, and 30 minutes after rifampicin addition total RNA was collected. RNA was probed via northern blot with an RNA probe specific for the 5′ end of HrrF. Blots were stripped and probed again with an RNA probe specific for 5S rRNA to serve as a loading control (data not shown). The calculated half-life of HrrF was approximately seven minutes in the 86-028NP<i>rpsLΔfur</i> strain. There was no significant difference in the calculated HrrF half-life in any of the strains tested. This indicated that the stability of <i>hrrF</i> was not dependent on the RNA chaperone Hfq.</p