Environmental effects of shrimp culture on Tiab Creek, Hormozgan Province, south Iran

Shrimp fanning industry has rapidly expanded in the south of Iran especially in Hormozgan Province over the past decade. In 2001, nitrate, nitrite, ammonia, total inorganic nitrate, reactive phosphate and total phosphate were assessed monthly in Tiab creek to evaluate the environmental effects of the industry. During the study period, nitrate varied between 4.06-23.58pm/1 where as variation for nitrite was measured as 0.21-2.23ml/l. Variation for ammonia was 0.07-2.04m/1, for total inorganic nitrate was 4.46-25.131.ml/l and for reactive phosphate and total phosphate were 0.114-2.35ml/l and 1.3-22.731ml/l respectively. Results of this study showed that concentration of nutrients in the outlet effluents and creek mouth were higher than other stations. Also, comparison of concentration of nutrients between stations showed that there were significant differences between effluent water and other stations (P<0.05)

Environmental impacts of shrimp farms on coastal waters in Tiab area, Hormozgan province, south of Iran

Shrimp farming industry has rapidly expanded in the south of Iran and in particular in Honnozgan Province along the coastal line during the past decade. A survey was conducted for evaluation of environmental impacts of effluents from the shrimp farms during culture season (July-December 2003) of Tiab area in Hormozgan Province. The physicochemical parameters such as air and water temperature, salinity, pH, dissolved oxygen, BOD5, nitrite, nitrate, total ammonia, inorganic phosphorus and total phosphorus were recorded monthly from 9 stations. The stations consisted of two inlets (stations 13 3), two outlets of effluents (stations 2, 4) and the remaining 5 stations were located along the coastal lines. The parameters were measured at 21-40°C, 22on39°C, 37-54ppt, 7.85-8.38, 4-8.1mg/L, 0.2-8.5mg/L, 0.11-0 .186mg/L, 0.001-0.029mg/L, 0- 0.016mg/L, Ome0.043mg/L and 0.014-1.4mg/L) respectively. The results showed that the range of most of the measured parameters such as water temperature, salinity, BOD5, ammonia, nitrate, phosphate and TP in the outflow waters (2, 4) were higher than inflow (1, 3) and coastal waters (5, 6, 7, 8 ,9). Statistical analysis of variance (ANOVA) demonstrated a significant difference between outlet effluent and other stations (P<0.05). We also concluded that the nutrients in the culture effluents are somewhat used by fauna of the Tiab creek, hence decreasing the pollutant load of the effluent

The GALNTL6 Gene rs558129 Polymorphism Is Associated With Power Performance

Diaz, J, alvarez Herms, J, Castaneda, A, Larruskain, J, Ramirez de la Piscina, X, Borisov, OV, Semenova, EA, Kostryukova, ES, Kulemin, NA, Andryushchenko, ON, Larin, AK, Andryushchenko, LB, Generozov, EV, Ahmetov, II, and Odriozola, A. The GALNTL6 gene rs558129 polymorphism is associated with power performance. J Strength Cond Res 34(11): 3031-3036, 2020-The largest genome-wide association study to date in sports genomics showed that endurance athletes were 1.23 times more likely to possess the C allele of the single nucleotide polymorphism rs558129 of N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase-like 6 gene (GALNTL6), compared with controls. Nevertheless, no further study has investigated GALNTL6 gene in relation to physical performance. Considering that previous research has shown that the same polymorphism can be associated with both endurance and power phenotypes (ACTN3, ACE, and PPARA), we investigated the association between GALNTL6 rs558129 polymorphism and power performance. According to this objective we conducted 2 global studies regarding 2 different communities of athletes in Spain and Russia. The first study involved 85 Caucasian physically active men from the north of Spain to perform a Wingate anaerobic test (WAnT). In the second study we compared allelic frequencies between 173 Russian power athletes (49 strength and 124 speed-strength athletes), 169 endurance athletes, and 201 controls. We found that physically active men with the T allele of GALNTL6 rs558129 had 5.03-6.97% higher power values compared with those with the CC genotype (p < 0.05). Consistent with these findings, we have shown that the T allele was over-represented in power athletes (37.0%) compared with endurance athletes (29.3%; OR = 1.4, p = 0.032) and controls (28.6%; OR = 1.5, p = 0.015). Furthermore, the highest frequency of the T allele was observed in strength athletes (43.9%; odds ratio [OR] = 1.9, p = 0.0067 compared with endurance athletes; OR = 2.0, p = 0.0036 compared with controls). In conclusion, our data suggest that the GALNTL6 rs558129 T allele can be favorable for anaerobic performance and strength athletes. In addition, we propose a new possible functional role of GALNTL6 rs558129, gut microbiome regarding short-chain fatty acid regulation and their anti-inflammatory and resynthesis functions. Nevertheless, further studies are required to understand the mechanisms involved.The authors would like to thank all the staff and athletes who participated in the study and the ZuOK Center where sports testing were performed. J. Larruskain was supported by a PhD Studentship from the Vice-Chancellorship for Basque of the University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU (EuskararenarlokoErrektoreordetza). J. Diaz and J. Alvarez Herms have contributed equally to this manuscrip

Avaliação Qualitativa da Água Engarrafada e Armazenadas em Frascos de Tereftalato de Polietileno com Base Compostos Químicos Orgânicos

Polyethylene terephtalate (PET) is commonly used for bottling drinking water. PET must be harmless in the sense of the migration potentially unsafe materials into its content. The quality determination of migrated organic chemicals in 15 bottled water stored in PET was performed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry technique. Most of the organic chemical compounds including phthalate, alkyl phenol, higher alkene and organic acid were detected in the samples. However, no carcinogens and hormones were recognized in the analyzed waters. The most migrated compounds identified between 13 to 100% of bottled water. The findings of present study could be alarming for the food safety legislative establishments in Iran due to the existence of some organic compounds with adverse influence on human wellbeing. Further investigation is recommended to evaluate the risk assessment of the public health arising from the presence of these toxic contaminants in the bottled water consumed by the people.Tereftalato de Polietileno (PET) é comumente usado para engarrafamento de água potável. PET deve ser inofensivo no sentido da migração materiais potencialmente inseguros em seu conteúdo. A determinação da qualidade de produtos químicos orgânicos que migraram em 15 garrafas de água armazenada em PET foi realizada pela técnica de cromatografia gasosa acoplada a espectrometria de massa. A maior parte dos compostos químicos orgânicos, incluindo ftalato, alquil fenol, alceno de maior peso molecular e ácido orgânico foram detectados nas amostras. No entanto, não há agentes cancerígenos e hormônios foram detectados nas águas analisadas. Os compostos migraram identificados entre 13 a 100% de água engarrafada. As conclusões do presente estudo poderia ser alarmante para os estabelecimentos legislativos de segurança alimentar no Irã devido à existência de alguns compostos orgânicos com influência negativa no bem-estar humano. Outras investigações é recomendado para avaliar a avaliação de risco da saúde pública decorrente da presença desses contaminantes tóxicos na água engarrafada consumida pelas pessoas

Beyond cardiovascular medicine: potential future uses of icosapent ethyl

The REDUCE-IT trial demonstrated that icosapent ethyl, an ethyl ester of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), reduced cardiovascular events in an at-risk population by a substantial degree. While the cardiovascular protective properties of this compound are now proven, several other potential uses are being actively explored in clinical studies. These areas of investigation include cancer, inflammatory bowel disease, infections, Alzheimer’s disease, dementia, and depression. The next decade promises to deepen our understanding of the beneficial effects that EPA may offer beyond cardiovascular risk reduction

International Society of Sports Nutrition Position Stand: Probiotics.

Position statement: The International Society of Sports Nutrition (ISSN) provides an objective and critical review of the mechanisms and use of probiotic supplementation to optimize the health, performance, and recovery of athletes. Based on the current available literature, the conclusions of the ISSN are as follows: 1)Probiotics are live microorganisms that, when administered in adequate amounts, confer a health benefit on the host (FAO/WHO).2)Probiotic administration has been linked to a multitude of health benefits, with gut and immune health being the most researched applications.3)Despite the existence of shared, core mechanisms for probiotic function, health benefits of probiotics are strain- and dose-dependent.4)Athletes have varying gut microbiota compositions that appear to reflect the activity level of the host in comparison to sedentary people, with the differences linked primarily to the volume of exercise and amount of protein consumption. Whether differences in gut microbiota composition affect probiotic efficacy is unknown.5)The main function of the gut is to digest food and absorb nutrients. In athletic populations, certain probiotics strains can increase absorption of key nutrients such as amino acids from protein, and affect the pharmacology and physiological properties of multiple food components.6)Immune depression in athletes worsens with excessive training load, psychological stress, disturbed sleep, and environmental extremes, all of which can contribute to an increased risk of respiratory tract infections. In certain situations, including exposure to crowds, foreign travel and poor hygiene at home, and training or competition venues, athletes' exposure to pathogens may be elevated leading to increased rates of infections. Approximately 70% of the immune system is located in the gut and probiotic supplementation has been shown to promote a healthy immune response. In an athletic population, specific probiotic strains can reduce the number of episodes, severity and duration of upper respiratory tract infections.7)Intense, prolonged exercise, especially in the heat, has been shown to increase gut permeability which potentially can result in systemic toxemia. Specific probiotic strains can improve the integrity of the gut-barrier function in athletes.8)Administration of selected anti-inflammatory probiotic strains have been linked to improved recovery from muscle-damaging exercise.9)The minimal effective dose and method of administration (potency per serving, single vs. split dose, delivery form) of a specific probiotic strain depends on validation studies for this particular strain. Products that contain probiotics must include the genus, species, and strain of each live microorganism on its label as well as the total estimated quantity of each probiotic strain at the end of the product's shelf life, as measured by colony forming units (CFU) or live cells.10)Preclinical and early human research has shown potential probiotic benefits relevant to an athletic population that include improved body composition and lean body mass, normalizing age-related declines in testosterone levels, reductions in cortisol levels indicating improved responses to a physical or mental stressor, reduction of exercise-induced lactate, and increased neurotransmitter synthesis, cognition and mood. However, these potential benefits require validation in more rigorous human studies and in an athletic population

Physical activity as a modulator of intestinal health and its implications in inflammatory bowel diseases

The interactions between humans, the environment, and intestinal microbiota form a tripartite relationship that is fundamental to the overall health of the host. Disruptions in this delicate balance between the microbiota and host immunity are implicated in various chronic diseases including inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). IBD encompassing ulcerative colitis and Crohn’s disease are idiopathic, relapsing chronic inflammatory disorders of the intestinal tract with annual health care burdens of over $1.8 billion in Canada. There is no known cure for IBD, as so, novel therapeutic in its prevention and management are of great interest. Recently, physical activity (PA) has been proposed as a potential therapy in combating IBD. Here we show that higher aerobic fitness in humans is associated with increased bacterial diversity in the gut and higher abundances of butyrate, a type of short-chain fatty acid produced by resident bacteria with known anti-inflammatory properties. We confirm these findings in animal models showing that voluntary wheel running (VWR) in mice increases butyrate production. Additionally, VWR mice show increased microbial diversity, decreased expression of pro-inflammatory (TNF-α, TGF-β, and IFN-γ) and increased expression of anti-inflammatory (IL-10) cytokines suggestive of the potential to be primed against the damaging effects of chronic inflammation. These enhancements however were absent in a life-long model of mucin2 deficient (MUC2-/-) murine colitis and VWR offered no protection in these mice against disease symptoms. Taken together, these suggest that the benefits of PA against IBD are preventative in nature and cannot reverse existing disease states like those found in IBD. We further showed that certain PA-derived changes in the intestines such as microbial community changes, upregulation of IL-10, and attenuation of IFN-γ are dependent on the amount of PA while reduction of anti-inflammatory cytokines TNF-α and TGF-β can occur even under low running conditions. In summary, we showed that PA can beneficially modulate the intestinal environment in healthy hosts, leading to a primed anti-inflammatory state likely effective in IBD management during remission.Arts and Sciences, Irving K. Barber School of (Okanagan)Biology, Department of (Okanagan)Graduat

Determination of Nutrients, BOD and COD in Manured Polyculture Ponds

In experimental ponds total amonia solution, total nitrogen, phosphate and inorganic carbon varied between 0-1050), 178-1093, phosphate 0-88 and 130-5410 ug/lit ) respectively. During the growing season the total amount of nitrogen (N), phosphate (P) and carbon (C) were fluctuating between (0.7-1.9), (0.062-2.05), (49.71-130) mg/gr. The primary variation range was 0.98 and 8.9 carbon/m2 per day, COD was 11-109 and BOD was 0.4-16.35 mg/lit oxygen. The resultes showed that in spite of using inorganic manures 100-150 kg/ha Per day, the ponds still had the ability of digestion of inorganic carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus. In the majority of the ponds the rate of total sediment of inorganic C and P were increased during growing perioed. We can use also COD and BOD as the manuring rate indicator in fish pond ecosystem

stressful Chemical Factors in the Water Bodies of Parishan Lake

This research was carried out by Fishery Research Center of Parsian Gulf cooperation from July 1995 to Jun 1996 in Parishan lake situated in Fars province, and during that environmental chemical analysis such as oxygen, pH, free ammonia, nitrite, and hydrogen sulfide were investigated which results were as fallows respectivery : 0.33 - 7.58 mg/lit, 8.47 - 9.41, 6 - 409 µgr/lit Nitrogen, 2-319 µgr/lit Nitrogen and 0 – 4551 µgr/lit .In Parishan lake ecosystem the average pH in Autumn was more than 9, which this pH had some effects directly and indirectly on growth and health of fishes. The average of morning oxygen concentration was acceptable just in summer and early Autumn and during the remaining of the year it was about 1 or less than 1 mg/lit. The average of free ammonia was also more than acceptable range most of the time during the year. Just in April there was not any tension. From free ammonia and in other times concentration of this gas was high and probably influence the growth of aquatics. The results showed that Parishan lake ecosystem most of the time was influenced by unfavorable Chemical factors and so prior to fishery activities there must be a compeleted research and investigation

Environmental effects of shrimp culture on Tiab Creek, Hormozgan Province, south Iran

Shrimp fanning industry has rapidly expanded in the south of Iran especially in Hormozgan Province over the past decade. In 2001, nitrate, nitrite, ammonia, total inorganic nitrate, reactive phosphate and total phosphate were assessed monthly in Tiab creek to evaluate the environmental effects of the industry. During the study period, nitrate varied between 4.06-23.58pm/1 where as variation for nitrite was measured as 0.21••2.23im11. Variation for ammonia was 0.07-2.04m/1, for total inorganic nitrate was 4.46•w25.131.imi1 and for reactive phosphate and total phosphate were 0.114m2.35irill and 1.3-22.731/m11 respectively. Results of this study showed that concentration of nutrients in the outlet effluents and creek mouth were higher than other stations. Also, comparison of concentration of nutrients between stations showed that there were significant differences between effluent water and other stations (P<0.05).....