The Role of Motivation in the Batter Learning of Students

Psychological research has shown that among various factors influencing learning and academic progress, students’ motivation plays a prominent and perhaps the most important role. Proper recognition and analysis of students’ motivation are crucial for the effectiveness and efficiency of teaching and learning activities. Motivation is a factor that stimulates and directs specific behavior, or it refers to the internal states of living beings that lead to guiding or sustaining their behavior towards a certain goal. It is, in essence, an answer to the question of what the basis of scientific learning is. Even psychologists consider motivation more important than intelligence, and teachers still need motivated and enthusiastic students to achieve successful and effective learning, and they demand such students. The aim of this article is to enhance the reader’s knowledge and understanding of the importance and influencing factors of motivation and to assist in applying this knowledge in the field of teaching and learning. To this end, some relevant scientific sources have been studied, and the content of this article has been gathered and summarized from them. This article begins with the concepts of motivation, incentives, learning motivation, and progress, emphasizing the importance of motivation in the learning process, and concludes with a brief description of techniques for creating motivation in students

The relationship between the leadership style of principals and school climate in private secondary schools in Mauritius

Leadership styles of principals and school climate are two factors that vary greatly in different private secondary schools in Mauritius. They also contribute immensely in the making of a school a peaceful and happy work place for both staff and students. This study first presented a literature review on leadership styles of principals and school climate. References were made from many sources in order to have a clear overview on these two factors. A qualitative research based on interviews and observations was conducted on teachers and principals from nine private secondary schools in order to fulfill three aims of the study. Firstly, the types of leadership styles adopted by principals in private secondary schools in Mauritius were assessed. Secondly the types of school climate that prevailed in these private secondary schools were evaluated. Lastly, the relationship between the leadership styles of principals and school climate in the private secondary schools was investigated. The results revealed that when the democratic style of the `power' concept of leadership was used alone or with other styles but was more prevalent, the principals of these schools scored `high' in both the initiating structure and consideration items of the `relational' concept of leadership and, the climate of these schools was classified in the category of `others' but was more `open' than `closed'. However, when the authoritarian style of the `power' concept of leadership was used with other styles but was more prevalent, the principals either scored `low' in both the initiating structure and the consideration items or `low' in the consideration items only of the `relational' concept of leadership and the climate was more `closed' than `open'.Educational StudiesM. Ed. (Education Management

Les Déterminants De L’accès Aux Services De Santé À Grand Bassam

State of complete physical, mental and social well-being, health is fundamental for man. Yet global figures for access to health are alarming. According to Gijs (2011) 2.5 billion people in the world do not have access to basic health care. In Côte d'Ivoire, the State has made population access a priority. Thus, sanitary infrastructures were built and equipped (PNDS, 2016). However, the problem of access to health services remains. The city of GrandBassam, located in the south-east of Côte d'Ivoire, has a wide range of health structures. Yet there are still people who still do not have access to health care. According to the RASS (2015), 25% of the population of Grand-Bassam still does not use health services. The purpose of this article is to identify the determinants of the access of the population of Grand-Bassam to health services. The methodological approach adopted to conduct this study took into account a bibliographic synthesis and the administration of a questionnaire. This study shows that perception of distance, income of head of household, perception of cost of care, household size, educational level, and age of households are the factors that determine access health services in the city of Grand-Bassam

Evaluation Des Caracteristiques Physico-Chimiques Et Microbiologiques D’un Beignet Traditionnel A Base De Mil Fermente (Gnomy) Commercialise Dans La Ville De Yamoussoukro (Cote D’ivoire)

Food craft is very active in Ivory Coast. It is mainly sold in the street and show a large variety of products, among them gnomy, a traditional donut prepared from fermented and deep fried millet. Evaluation of physical, chemical and microbiological characteristics of this food was the main theme of this study. The results demonstrate that gnomy is an acid food with a pH around 5.88 and protein content of 4.7 g/100 g. The absence of Salmonella and enumeration of aerobic mesophilic bacteria, Coliforms and Streptococci in the final product show that the gnomy produced at the laboratory following good hygiene practices is a food of satisfactory sanitary quality

Microbiological quality of maize flour sold in the markets of Abidjan city

La qualité microbiologique des farines de maïs commercialisées sur les marchés de 9 communes d’Abidjan a été évaluée dans ce travail. 60 échantillons constitués de farine blanche et de farine jaune avec potasse ont été soumis à des analyses physico-chimiques et microbiologiques. Les résultats ont montré des teneurs en eau et en cendres largement inférieures aux normes alimentaires. Au niveau microbiologique, les résultats ont montré une grande variation entre les échantillons. Tous les germes d’intérêt hygiénique ont été retrouvés dans toutes les farines avec des charges maximales respectives de 1,8 x 109; 1,3 x 106; 7 x 105; 1,1 x 106; 5,6 x 106 et 1,9 x 108 UFC/g pour les germes aérobies mésophiles, les coliformes totaux, les coliformes thermo-tolérants, les levures, les moisissures et les entérocoques. L’évaluation de la qualité sanitaire des farines a mis en évidence la présence de Salmonella dans 2 échantillons (Koumassi et Marcory). Les charges des aérobies sulfito-réducteurs, d’Escherichia coli et Staphylococcus aureus ont été conformes aux différents critères microbiologiques. Mots Clés : Abidjan, farine de maïs, qualité microbiologique, marché  The microbiological quality of corn flour sold in the markets of 9 municipalities of Abidjan was evaluated in this work. 60 samples of white flour and yellow flour with potash were subjected to physicochemical and microbiological analyzes. The results showed that moisture and ash contents were widely lower than standards. The microbiological analysis showed large variations between samples. All germs of hygienic interest were found in all flours with respective maximum loads of 1.8 x 109, 1.3 x 106, 7 x 105, 1.1 x 106, 5 x 106 and 1.9 x 108 CFU/g for mesophilic aerobic germs, total coliforms, thermo-tolerant coliforms, yeasts, molds and enterococci. The evaluation of the sanitary quality of the flours revealed the presence of Salmonella in 2 samples (Koumassi and Marcory). The sulfato-reducing aerobics, Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus charges were in accordance with the various microbiological criteria. Keyword (s): Abidjan, corn flour, microbiological quality, market

Caractérisation Qualitative Et Quantitative De La Consommation De Différents Groupes D’aliments En Côte d’Ivoire

Qualitative and quantitative study of food is essential to highlight causes of nutritional problems in order to evaluate and propose relevant interventions. To achieve this objective, a transversal survey requiring tools to estimate the quantity of food consumed per person was carried out. 417 people were interviewed in seven districts of Côte d 'Ivoire. The results of the survey showed that the average individual dietary diversity score of the respondents was 4.4. Food groups daily consumed by nearly 50 % of the population are : spices, condiments, beverages (100%); fish and seafood (93.95%), oils and fats (93.83%), cereals (89.97%), roots and tubers (87.27%) and other vegetables (54.07%). Staple foods were consumed at an average of 450.00 ± 225.00 and 562.50 ± 290.50 g per meal per person. Rice (33.66 ± 6.06%) and cassava (23.09 ± 5.28%) were the most consumed staple foods. In sum, the choice of the type and quantity of staple foods to be consumed per individual should be guided by the activity perfomed, at the risk of increasing the morbidity and mortality rate related to metabolic diseases

Förbifart Stockholm– ur ett annat perspektiv. En analys av stadsbyggnadsmöjligheter inom ett aktuellt stadsutvecklingsprojekt

Den kontinuerliga samhällssträvan mot en mer hållbar utveckling är en av de svårasteutmaningarna som människan har bemött under modern tid. Dess innebörd medför att våralevnadsvanor på alla plan måste anpassa sig efter de nya förutsättningarna som vi förr ellersenare måste bemöta. Inom infrastrukturella termer medför detta en allt mer pressad situationför både transport, logistik, kommunikation och trafiksektorn. Även den levande stadenutsätts för hårda påfrestningar där stadsutvecklingen måste ske i samklang med den hållbarautvecklingen. För att nämna några konkreta exempel är Stockholms region en av tusentalsandra storstadsregioner i världen som ämnar till att utvecklas till en storstadsmetropol ochalltid sträva mot att vara konkurrenskraftig från alla perspektiv gentemot andra storstäder. Föratt Stockholm skall kunna representera Skandinaviens huvudstaden måste infrastrukturenfungera som den ska. Förbifart Stockholm är därmed en vital del i den långa processen.Syftet med detta arbete är att belysa alternativa sätt att bygga förbifarten i hopp om att kunnafrämja stadsbyggande i samband med etableringen av förbifarten. Lovön, en ö beläget cirkaen mil väster om Stockholm, står mycket i fokus under arbetets gång och diskuteras i arbetetsom en potentiell plats att utveckla just denna typ av stadsbyggande. Teorin om denna typ avstadsutveckling, närmare bestämt Transit Oriented Development (TOD), används för attanalysera närmare hur denna typ av stadsbyggande kan utveckla Stockholms region.Sustainable urban development is one the most central subjects in modern time within urbanplanning. It uncovers many untold stories in different fields of science such as regionalplanning and architecture among many other. Bypass Stockholm (Förbifart Stockholm) is oneof many big road projects within the region of Stockholm that has an enormous significancefor many stake-holders. The project is planned to commence in 2012 and will approximatelytake eight to ten years to finish and involves directly 3 municipalities. The bypass will span21 kilometer of new build highway by 17 kilometers under tunnel. It simplifies for millions ofinhabitants and affects the nation on an environmental level.The purpose of this thesis is to collect as much knowledge as possible and to analyze anddiscuss the possible outcome of Bypass Stockholm within other alternatives that may improveit. The most central subject in this report is the possible urban development that might occuron the island of Lovön. In order to achieve this, responsible planners have been interviewed.The main theory in the report is based upon the common knowledge of transit orienteddevelopment. Other stakeholders such as the Swedish Transport Administration have beeninterviewed as well in order to reach a wider range of apprehension

Pembinaan disiplin lingkungan masyarakat kotamadya Medan

xiv, 127 p. : il.; 23 cm