¿Hipócrates ha muerto?

pre-print2982 K

Acrometástasis en miembro inferior por adenocarcinoma pulmonar

ResumenSe presenta el caso de un paciente que refiere un cuadro de dolor en el miembro inferior izquierdo, más acusado en zona pretibial, atraumático, desde hace 6 meses. El dolor, de características no mecánicas, era refractario al tratamiento, constante, impidiendo el descanso nocturno. Se realizaron estudios complementarios cuyo primer diagnóstico fue osteomielitis, iniciándose tratamiento antibiótico. Al no ceder el cuadro, fue evaluado nuevamente con el diagnostico final de acrometástasis en el miembro inferior izquierdo como primer signo clínico de un adenocarcinoma pulmonar.Acrometástasis en miembro inferior secundaria a un caso de adenocarcinoma pulmonar es infrecuente y suele proceder de cáncer colorrectal y/o tracto urogenital. En ocasiones puede inducir a una sospecha diagnostica errónea, con el consiguiente retraso en el diagnóstico.AbstractThe case is presented of a patient who referred to a clinical history of non-traumatic pain, of six months onset, in the left lower limb, which was more intensive in pretibial region. The pain was non-mechanical in character, treatment resistant, constant, and with night rest difficulty. Several tests were performed, with osteomyelitis being the primary diagnosis, and antibiotics were started. There was no improvement, and the patient was evaluated again, with the final diagnosis of left lower limb acrometastasis as the first clinical sign of lung adenocarcinoma.Acrometastasis in lower limbs due to lung adenocarcinoma is uncommon and usually arises from colorectal or urogenital cancer. Occasionally it may be lead to an erroneous suspicion resulting in a delay in diagnosis

Ibero-American consensus on learning outcomes for the acquisition of competencies by medical students through clinical simulation.

post-print389 K

Aplicación de catalizadores de CeO₂-V₂O₅ en la desulfuración oxidativa de 4,6-dimeltil benzotiofeno como molécula modelo para remover azufre en gasolinas

La desulfuración oxidativa (ODS) es una excelente alternativa para eliminar el azufre de los combustibles y la elección precisa del catalizador es esencial para obtener una buena conversión. En este estudio, se prepararon catalizadores de V₂O₅ y CeO₂ y su mezcla por el método de impregnación incipiente a partir de metavanadato de amonio y cloruro de cerio como precursores. Los catalizadores se caracterizaron mediante diferentes técnicas fisicoquímicas. La acidez del catalizador se midió potenciométricamente por titulación con piridina y utilizando un electrodo de platino. Las propiedades catalíticas de los catalizadores sintetizados se evaluaron en el SAO de 4,6-dimetil dibenzotiofeno. La acidez aumentó con la adición de vanadio, lo que generó más variantes en el estado de oxidación del V₂O₅ y mejoró la actividad catalítica. El catalizador de vanadio con la mayor cantidad de óxido de vanadio alcanzó una tasa de conversión de casi el 100%, que lo convierte en un catalizador viable para la eliminación de azufre. Factores como la acidez y el área superficial afectan a la actividad catalítica.Oxidative desulfurization (ODS) is an excellent alternative for removing sulfur from fuels and the accurate choice of catalyst is essential in obtaining good conversion. In this study, V₂O₅ and CeO₂ catalysts and their mixture were prepared by incipient impregnation method from ammonium metavanadate and cerium chloride as precursors. The catalysts were characterized by different physicochemical techniques. The acidity of the catalyst was measured potentiometrically by titration with pyridine and using a platinum electrode. The catalytic properties of the synthesized catalysts were evaluated in the ODS of 4,6-dimethyl dibenzothiophene. Acidity increased with the addition of vanadium, which generated more variants in the oxidation state of V₂O₅ and improved the catalytic activity. The vanadium catalyst with the highest amount of vanadium oxide achieved a conversion rate of nearly 100%, renders a viable catalyst for sulfur removal. Factors such as acidity and surface area affect the catalytic activity

Desulfuración oxidativa catalítica de 2,4-dimetil dibenzotiofeno utilizando ácido fosfotúngstico soportado sobre óxidos de Al₂O₃, V₂O₅ y ZrO₂

Este trabajo reporta la síntesis, caracterización y prueba catalítica de ZrO₂, V₂O₅ y Al₂O₃ que han sido cargados con 2 cantidades de heteropoliácido H₃PW₁₂O₄₀ para la desulfuración oxidativa catalítica de 4,6-dimetil dibenzotiofeno como modelo de prueba de reacción para reducir el contenido de azufre en el diesel. Los catalizadores se sintetizaron mediante la impregnación de óxidos individuales con una solución del heteropoliácido al 3% y al 3.5% mol respecto al metal de cada óxido. Los materiales se caracterizaron mediante difracción de rayos X, espectroscopia infrarroja y Raman, técnica de adsorción-desorción de nitrógeno, microscopía electrónica de barrido y espectroscopia de fotoelectrones de rayos X. La acidez de los catalizadores se determinó por potenciometría mediante la valoración de los catalizadores con piridina. El ensayo de reacción se considera una alternativa viable, ya que se realiza a temperatura y presión ambiente. Esta reacción puede llevarse a cabo en la fase líquido-líquido, líquido-sólido o trifásica utilizando oxidantes y catalizadores. En este estudio, se utilizó el dimetil dibenzotiofeno como especie de azufre en el gasóleo y como molécula para evaluar la actividad del catalizador.This work reports the synthesis, characterization, and catalytic testing of ZrO₂, V₂O₅ and Al₂O₃ that have been loaded with 2 amounts of H₃PW₁₂O₄₀ heteropolyacid for the catalytic oxidative desulfurization of 4,6-dimethyl dibenzothiophene as a reaction test model to reduce the sulfur content in diesel. The catalysts were synthesized through the impregnation of individual oxides with a solution of the heteropolyacid to 3% and 3.5% mol with respect to the metal in each oxide. The materials were characterized by x-ray diffraction, infrared and Raman spectroscopy, nitrogen adsorption-desorption technique, scanning electron microscopy, and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The acidity of the catalysts was determined by potentiometry by titration of the catalysts with pyridine. The reaction test is considered a viable alternative, because it is performed at ambient temperature and pressure. This reaction can be conducted in the liquid-liquid, liquid-solid, or triphasic phase using oxidants and catalysts. In this study, dimethyl dibenzothiophene was used as the sulfur species in diesel and as the molecule for evaluating catalyst activity

Dibenzo[1,2,5]thiadiazepines are non-competitive GABAA receptor antagonists

"A new process for obtaining dibenzo[c,f][1,2,5]thiadiazepines (DBTDs) and their effects on GABAA receptors of guinea pig myenteric neurons are described. Synthesis of DBTD derivatives began with two commercial aromatic compounds. An azide group was obtained after two sequential reactions, and the central ring was closed via a nitrene to obtain the tricyclic sulfonamides (DBTDs). Whole-cell recordings showed that DBTDs application did not affect the holding current but inhibited the currents induced by GABA (IGABA), which are mediated by GABAA receptors. These DBTDs effects reached their maximum 3 min after application and were: (i) reversible, (ii) concentration-dependent (with a rank order of potency of 2c = 2d > 2b), (iii) mediated by a non-competitive antagonism, and (iv) only observed when applied extracellularly. Picrotoxin (which binds in the channel mouth) and DBTDs effects were not modified when both substances were simultaneous applied. Our results indicate that DBTD acted on the extracellular domain of GABAA channels but independent of the picrotoxin, benzodiazepine, and GABA binding sites. DBTDs used here could be the initial model for synthesizing new GABAA receptor inhibitors with a potential to be used as antidotes for positive modulators of these receptors or to induce experimental epilepsy.

Effects of lng Mutations on LngA Expression, Processing, and CS21 Assembly in Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli E9034A

Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) is a major cause of morbidity in children under 5 years of age in low- and middle-income countries and a leading cause of traveler's diarrhea worldwide. The ability of ETEC to colonize the intestinal epithelium is mediated by fimbrial adhesins, such as CS21 (Longus). This adhesin is a type IVb pilus involved in adherence to intestinal cells in vitro and bacterial self-aggregation. Fourteen open reading frames have been proposed to be involved in CS21 assembly, hitherto only the lngA and lngB genes, coding for the major (LngA) and minor (LngB) structural subunit, have been characterized. In this study, we investigated the role of the LngA, LngB, LngC, LngD, LngH, and LngP proteins in the assembly of CS21 in ETEC strain E9034A. The deletion of the lngA, lngB, lngC, lngD, lngH, or lngP genes, abolished CS21 assembly in ETEC strain E9034A and adherence to HT-29 cells was reduced 90%, compared to wild-type strain. Subcellular localization prediction of CS21 proteins was similar to other well-known type IV pili homologues. We showed that LngP is the prepilin peptidase of LngA, and that ETEC strain E9034A has another peptidase capable of processing LngA, although with less efficiency. Additionally, we present immuno-electron microscopy imagens to show that the LngB protein could be localized at the tip of CS21, and probably helps to control CS21 length. In conclusion, our results demonstrate that the LngA, LngB, LngC, LngD, LngH, and LngP proteins are essential for CS21 assembly, as well as for bacterial aggregation and adherence to HT-29 cells

ColoLipidGene: Signature of lipid metabolism-related genes to predict prognosis in stage-II colon cancer patients

Lipid metabolism plays an essential role in carcinogenesis due to the requirements of tumoral cells to sustain increased structural, energetic and biosynthetic precursor demands for cell proliferation. We investigated the association between expression of lipid metabolism-related genes and clinical outcome in intermediate-stage colon cancer patients with the aim of identifying a metabolic profile associated with greater malignancy and increased risk of relapse. Expression profile of 70 lipid metabolismrelated genes was determined in 77 patients with stage II colon cancer. Cox regression analyses using c-index methodology was applied to identify a metabolic-related signature associated to prognosis. The metabolic signature was further confirmed in two independent validation sets of 120 patients and additionally, in a group of 264 patients from a public database. The combined analysis of these 4 genes, ABCA1, ACSL1, AGPAT1 and SCD, constitutes a metabolic-signature (ColoLipidGene) able to accurately stratify stage II colon cancer patients with 5-fold higher risk of relapse with strong statistical power in the four independent groups of patients. The identification of a group of 4 genes that predict survival in intermediate-stage colon cancer patients allows delineation of a high-risk group that may benefit from adjuvant therapy, and avoids the toxic and unnecessary chemotherapy in patients classified as low-risk groupThis work was supported by Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación del Gobierno de España (Plan Nacional I + D + i AGL2013–48943-C2–2-R and IPT-2011–1248-060000), Comunidad de Madrid (P2013/ABI-2728. ALIBIRDCM) and European Union Structural Funds. CIBEREHD is funded by the Instituto de Salud Carlos III. This is a collaborative study between the Molecular Oncology Unit of The Institute of Advanced Studies of Madrid IMDEA Food and the Grupo Español Multidisciplinar en Cáncer Digestivo (GEMCAD

Tecnologías de la comunicación para la divulgación científica y la mejora docente

El empleo de redes sociales se ha convertido en los últimos años en una actividad cotidiana para la gran mayoría de jóvenes y, por ende, para los universitarios. Muchos docentes e instituciones están incorporado las redes sociales a sus estrategias de enseñanza y difusión de contenidos al tratarse de un espacio idóneo para intercambiar información y el conocimiento de una forma rápida, sencilla y cómoda. Este trabajo presenta el proyecto docente llevado a cabo en el Grado de Lingüística y Lenguas Aplicadas de la Universidad de Cádiz durante el curso 2017‐2018 con la finalidad de mejorar el conocimiento, expectativas y motivación del alumnado mediante el uso de nuevos medios de comunicación social: twitter, Facebook, Instagram, youtube y mailing lists