Clima social familiar y problemas de conducta en alumnos de secundaria de una institución educativa privada

El presente estudio de investigación se propuso como objetivo general determinar la relación que existe entre las variables clima social familiar y problemas de conducta. La población quedó definida por 102 estudiantes adolescentes del primer al quinto año de educación secundaria de una institución educativa privada en el distrito del Rímac, cuyas edades oscilaron entre los 12 y 17 años. La investigación tuvo un diseño no experimental, transversal y correlacional. Como instrumentos de recojo de información se tuvieron en cuenta: una ficha sociodemográfica de datos, la escala de Clima Social Familiar de Moos y Trickett y el Inventario de Problemas de conducta de Achenbach. Los resultados más relevantes señalaron que existe una relación inversa y significativa entre las variables de estudio (rs: -0.287** y p˂0.01), y entre los problemas de conducta y las dimensiones del clima social familiar: desarrollo (rs: -0.260** y p˂0.01) y estabilidad (rs: -0.290** y p˂0.01). No se halló una asociación significativa con la dimensión relación (rs: -0.174 y p>0.01). El nivel de clima social familiar predominante en los estudiantes fue el de categoría promedio (51%), asimismo, se percibe un nivel patológico de la muestra en relación a los problemas de conducta (60.8%), presentando un mayor índice de dificultad el sexo femenino (68%) en comparación con el sexo masculino (53.8%)

Digital food and beverage marketing appealing to children and adolescents: An emerging challenge in Mexico.

Background:Digital food marketing is increasing and has an impact on children's behaviour. Limited research has been performed in Latin America. Objectives:To determine the extent and nature of Mexican children's and adolescents' exposure to digital food and beverage marketing during recreational internet use. Methods:A crowdsourcing strategy was used to recruit 347 participants during the COVID-19 lockdown. Participants completed a survey and recorded 45 minutes of their device's screen time using screen-capture software. Food marketing was identified and nutrition information for each marketed product was collected. Healthfulness of products was determined using the Pan-American Health Organization and the Mexican Nutrient Profile Model (NPM). A content analysis was undertaken to assess marketing techniques. Results:Overall, 69.5% of children and adolescents were exposed to digital food marketing. Most frequently marketed foods were ready-made foods. Children and adolescents would typically see a median of 2.7 food marketing exposures per hour, 8 daily exposures during a weekday and 6.7 during a weekend day. We estimated 47.3 food marketing exposures per week (2461 per year). The most used marketing technique was brand characters. Marketing was appealing to children and adolescents yet most of the products were not permitted for marketing to children according to the NPMs (>90%). Conclusions:Mexican children and adolescents were exposed to unhealthy digital food marketing. The Government should enforce evidence-based mandatory regulations on digital media

A qualitative study on the social representations of populism and democracy in Peru

The purpose of this paper is to describe and analyze the social representations of democracy, populism and the relationship between both concepts in a sample of citizens from different regions of Peru (n = 76). To this end, a qualitative research design was proposed, using in-depth interviews, which were analyzed from a discursive approach. The results show that democracy and populism are two closely related concepts in tension. On the one hand, the social representation of democracy is semantically poor, closely related to electoral behavior and is seen as a political system that, ideally, is positively valued. Populism, on the other hand, is seen as a political strategy based on the manipulation of citizens' needs in order to reach power using the democratic process of elections. The representation of populism in general is negative, and it is mentioned that it appears and acquires strength in the face of citizen dissatisfaction with democracy, when it cannot solve problems of poverty, corruption or exclusion. The representations of populism take up the constitutive components proposed by different authors on the topic (people, elites and democracy as a product of popular will), but the participants do not necessarily structure the relationships between these components as proposed in the academic literature. Finally, the results shows that respondents' experiences with democracy and populism in Peru act as important socializing forces that will frame how citizens relate to politics and the public

Clima social familiar y problemas de conducta en alumnos de secundaria de una institución educativa privada

El presente estudio de investigación se propuso como objetivo general determinar la relación que existe entre las variables clima social familiar y problemas de conducta. La población quedó definida por 102 estudiantes adolescentes del primer al quinto año de educación secundaria de una institución educativa privada en el distrito del Rímac, cuyas edades oscilaron entre los 12 y 17 años. La investigación tuvo un diseño no experimental, transversal y correlacional. Como instrumentos de recojo de información se tuvieron en cuenta: una ficha sociodemográfica de datos, la escala de Clima Social Familiar de Moos y Trickett y el Inventario de Problemas de conducta de Achenbach. Los resultados más relevantes señalaron que existe una relación inversa y significativa entre las variables de estudio (rs: -0.287** y p˂0.01), y entre los problemas de conducta y las dimensiones del clima social familiar: desarrollo (rs: -0.260** y p˂0.01) y estabilidad (rs: -0.290** y p˂0.01). No se halló una asociación significativa con la dimensión relación (rs: -0.174 y p>0.01). El nivel de clima social familiar predominante en los estudiantes fue el de categoría promedio (51%), asimismo, se percibe un nivel patológico de la muestra en relación a los problemas de conducta (60.8%), presentando un mayor índice de dificultad el sexo femenino (68%) en comparación con el sexo masculino (53.8%)

The NSL Chromatin-Modifying Complex Subunit KANSL2 Regulates Cancer Stem-like Properties in Glioblastoma That Contribute to Tumorigenesis.

KANSL2 is an integral subunit of the nonspecific lethal (NSL) chromatin-modifying complex that contributes to epigenetic programs in embryonic stem cells. In this study, we report a role for KANSL2 in regulation of stemness in glioblastoma (GBM), which is characterized by heterogeneous tumor stem-like cells associated with therapy resistance and disease relapse. KANSL2 expression is upregulated in cancer cells, mainly at perivascular regions of tumors. RNAi-mediated silencing of KANSL2 in GBM cells impairs their tumorigenic capacity in mouse xenograft models. In clinical specimens, we found that expression levels of KANSL2 correlate with stemness markers in GBM stem-like cell populations. Mechanistic investigations showed that KANSL2 regulates cell self-renewal, which correlates with effects on expression of the stemness transcription factor POU5F1. RNAi-mediated silencing of POU5F1 reduced KANSL2 levels, linking these two genes to stemness control in GBM cells. Together, our findings indicate that KANSL2 acts to regulate the stem cell population in GBM, defining it as a candidate GBM biomarker for clinical use.Fil: Ferreyra Solari, Nazarena Eugenia. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Parque Centenario. Instituto de Investigación en Biomedicina de Buenos Aires - Instituto Partner de la Sociedad Max Planck; ArgentinaFil: Belforte, Fiorella Sabrina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Parque Centenario. Instituto de Investigación en Biomedicina de Buenos Aires - Instituto Partner de la Sociedad Max Planck; ArgentinaFil: Canedo, Lucía. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Parque Centenario. Instituto de Investigación en Biomedicina de Buenos Aires - Instituto Partner de la Sociedad Max Planck; ArgentinaFil: Videla Richardson, Guillermo. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Fundación para la Lucha contra las Enfermedades Neurológicas de la Infancia; ArgentinaFil: Espinosa, Joaquín M.. University of Colorado School of Medicine; Estados UnidosFil: Rossi, Mario. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Parque Centenario. Instituto de Investigación en Biomedicina de Buenos Aires - Instituto Partner de la Sociedad Max Planck; ArgentinaFil: Serna, Eva. Universidad de Valencia; EspañaFil: Riudavets, Miguel Angel. Fundación para la Lucha contra las Enfermedades Neurológicas de la Infancia; Argentina. Corte Suprema de Justicia de la Nación. Cuerpo Médico Forense; ArgentinaFil: Martinetto, Horacio Enrique. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Fundación para la Lucha contra las Enfermedades Neurológicas de la Infancia; ArgentinaFil: Sevlever, Gustavo. Fundación para la Lucha contra las Enfermedades Neurológicas de la Infancia; ArgentinaFil: Perez Castro, Carolina Ines. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Parque Centenario. Instituto de Investigación en Biomedicina de Buenos Aires - Instituto Partner de la Sociedad Max Planck; Argentin

Whole genome deconvolution unveils Alzheimer’s resilient epigenetic signature

Abstract Assay for Transposase Accessible Chromatin by sequencing (ATAC-seq) accurately depicts the chromatin regulatory state and altered mechanisms guiding gene expression in disease. However, bulk sequencing entangles information from different cell types and obscures cellular heterogeneity. To address this, we developed Cellformer, a deep learning method that deconvolutes bulk ATAC-seq into cell type-specific expression across the whole genome. Cellformer enables cost-effective cell type-specific open chromatin profiling in large cohorts. Applied to 191 bulk samples from 3 brain regions, Cellformer identifies cell type-specific gene regulatory mechanisms involved in resilience to Alzheimer’s disease, an uncommon group of cognitively healthy individuals that harbor a high pathological load of Alzheimer’s disease. Cell type-resolved chromatin profiling unveils cell type-specific pathways and nominates potential epigenetic mediators underlying resilience that may illuminate therapeutic opportunities to limit the cognitive impact of the disease. Cellformer is freely available to facilitate future investigations using high-throughput bulk ATAC-seq data

Tocilizumab for patients with COVID-19 pneumonia. The single-arm TOCIVID-19 prospective trial

BackgroundTocilizumab blocks pro-inflammatory activity of interleukin-6 (IL-6), involved in pathogenesis of pneumonia the most frequent cause of death in COVID-19 patients.MethodsA multicenter, single-arm, hypothesis-driven trial was planned, according to a phase 2 design, to study the effect of tocilizumab on lethality rates at 14 and 30 days (co-primary endpoints, a priori expected rates being 20 and 35%, respectively). A further prospective cohort of patients, consecutively enrolled after the first cohort was accomplished, was used as a secondary validation dataset. The two cohorts were evaluated jointly in an exploratory multivariable logistic regression model to assess prognostic variables on survival.ResultsIn the primary intention-to-treat (ITT) phase 2 population, 180/301 (59.8%) subjects received tocilizumab, and 67 deaths were observed overall. Lethality rates were equal to 18.4% (97.5% CI: 13.6-24.0, P=0.52) and 22.4% (97.5% CI: 17.2-28.3, P<0.001) at 14 and 30 days, respectively. Lethality rates were lower in the validation dataset, that included 920 patients. No signal of specific drug toxicity was reported. In the exploratory multivariable logistic regression analysis, older age and lower PaO2/FiO2 ratio negatively affected survival, while the concurrent use of steroids was associated with greater survival. A statistically significant interaction was found between tocilizumab and respiratory support, suggesting that tocilizumab might be more effective in patients not requiring mechanical respiratory support at baseline.ConclusionsTocilizumab reduced lethality rate at 30 days compared with null hypothesis, without significant toxicity. Possibly, this effect could be limited to patients not requiring mechanical respiratory support at baseline.Registration EudraCT (2020-001110-38); clinicaltrials.gov (NCT04317092)