The distance-time relationship and oxygen uptake kinetics in swimming

Trabalho apresentado no 19th Annual Congress of the European College of Sport Science, 2-5 julho, Amesterdão, Holand

Kinematic parameters and oxygen uptake kinetics during sub-maximal exercise in swimming

Trabalho apresentado no 19 th Annual Congress of the European College of Sport Science, 2-5 julho 2014, Amesterdão, Holand

Using Item Response Theory to Improve Locally-Constructed Multiple Choice Tests: Measuring Knowledge Gains and Curricular Effectiveness

Current science education reform efforts emphasize teaching K-12 science using hands-on, inquiry activities. For maximum learning and probability of implementation among inservice teachers, these strategies must be modeled in college science courses for preservice teachers. About a decade ago, Morehead State University revised their science content courses to follow an inquiry approach. As part of the courses’ assessment, a locally-made, diagnostic pre- and post-test was prepared. The main purpose of this “ex post facto” study was to demonstrate how concepts from Item Response Theory can be used to detect and remove psychometrically faulty items, and how the remaining items can be used by teachers to determine science learning gains in an inquiry-based physical science course that implemented two different curricula, “Physics and Everyday Thinking” and “Interactions in Physical Science”

ALLSMOG: an APEX Low-redshift Legacy Survey for MOlecular Gas. I - molecular gas scaling relations, and the effect of the CO/H2 conversion factor

We present ALLSMOG, the APEX Low-redshift Legacy Survey for MOlecular Gas. ALLSMOG is a survey designed to observe the CO(2-1) emission line with the APEX telescope, in a sample of local galaxies (0.01 < z < 0.03), with stellar masses in the range 8.5 < log(M*/Msun) < 10. This paper is a data release and initial analysis of the first two semesters of observations, consisting of 42 galaxies observed in CO(2-1). By combining these new CO(2-1) emission line data with archival HI data and SDSS optical spectroscopy, we compile a sample of low-mass galaxies with well defined molecular gas masses, atomic gas masses, and gas-phase metallicities. We explore scaling relations of gas fraction and gas consumption timescale, and test the extent to which our findings are dependent on a varying CO/H2 conversion factor. We find an increase in the H2/HI mass ratio with stellar mass which closely matches semi-analytic predictions. We find a mean molecular gas fraction for ALLSMOG galaxies of MH2/M* = (0.09 - 0.13), which decreases with stellar mass. We measure a mean molecular gas consumption timescale for ALLSMOG galaxies of 0.4 - 0.7 Gyr. We also confirm the non-universality of the molecular gas consumption timescale, which varies (with stellar mass) from ~100 Myr to ~2 Gyr. Importantly, we find that the trends in the H2/HI mass ratio, gas fraction, and the non-universal molecular gas consumption timescale are all robust to a range of recent metallicity-dependent CO/H2 conversion factors.Comment: 25 pages, 15 figures. Accepted for publication in MNRA

10 pc Scale Circumnuclear Molecular Gas Imaging of Nearby AGNs

We present the images and kinematics of circumnuclear molecular gas from 100 pc scale down to 10 pc scale in nearby active galactic nuclei (AGNs) using the Submillimeter Array (SMA) and the Plateau de Bure Interferometer (PdBI). We have observed several nearby galaxies that host AGNs, such as the nearest radio galaxy Centaurus A (NGC 5128), the Seyfert 2 galaxy M51 (NGC 5194), the Seyfert 2 galaxy NGC 1068, the Seyfert 1 galaxy NGC 1097, and the Seyfert 2 / starburst composite galaxy NGC 4945, in CO lines to see whether the molecular gas distribution, kinematics, and physical conditions at 10 - 100 pc scale follows the AGN unified model or not. In 100 pc scale, most of the circumnuclear molecular gas shows smooth velocity gradient, suggesting a regular rotating feature, and also shows abnormal line ratios, suggesting the existence of active sources to make the circumnuclear molecular gas dense and/or warm conditions or abnormal chemical compositions. In 10 pc scale, on the other hand, the molecular gas kinematics shows various characteristics, some shows very disturbed kinematics such as a jet-entrained feature in the galaxies that have jets, but some still shows regular rotation feature in a galaxy that does not have obvious jets. These results indicate that the kinematics and physical/chemical conditions of the circumnuclear molecular gas at the scale less than 100 pc is highly affected by the AGN activities, and at this scale, there is no clear evidence of any unified feature seen in the circumnuclear molecular gas.Comment: 7 pages, 3 figures; Proceedings of "the Central Kiloparsec in Galactic Nuclei - Astronomy at High Angular Resolution 2011," to be appear in Journal of Physics: Conference Series (IOP Publishing

Disentangling the Circumnuclear Environs of Centaurus A: III. An Inner Molecular Ring, Nuclear Shocks and the CO to warm H2 interface

We present the distribution and kinematics of the molecular gas in the circumnuclear disk (CND, 400 pc x 200 pc) of Centaurus A with resolutions of ~5 pc (0.3 arcsec) and shed light onto the mechanism feeding the Active Galactic Nucleus (AGN) using CO(3-2), HCO+(4-3), HCN(4-3), and CO(6-5) observations obtained with ALMA. Multiple filaments or streamers of tens to a hundred parsec scale exist within the CND, which form a ring-like structure with an unprojected diameter of 9 x 6 arcsec (162pc x 108pc) and a position angle PA = 155deg. Inside the nuclear ring, there are two leading and straight filamentary structures with lengths of about 30-60pc at PA = 120deg on opposite sides of the AGN, with a rotational symmetry of 180deg and steeper position-velocity diagrams, which are interpreted as nuclear shocks due to non-circular motions. Along the filaments, and unlike other nearby AGNs, several dense molecular clumps present low HCN/HCO+(4-3) ratios (~0.5). The filaments abruptly end in the probed transitions at r = 20pc from the AGN, but previous near-IR H2 (J=1-0) S(1) maps show that they continue in an even ~1000 K), winding up in the form of nuclear spirals, and forming an inner ring structure with another set of symmetric filaments along the N-S direction and within r = 10pc. The molecular gas is governed primarily by non-circular motions, being the successive shock fronts at different scales where loss of angular momentum occurs, a mechanism which may feed efficiently powerful radio galaxies down to parsec scales.Comment: 46 pages. Accepted for publication in Ap

Optimización de cultivos primarios de células de carcinoma renal de células claras como modelo “in vitro” para estudios metabólicos y determinantes de progresión neoplásica

El objetivo del presente estudio fue optimizar la implementación de cultivos primarios a partir de muestras de carcinoma renal de células claras (CRCC) para comprobar la conservación del fenotipo lipogénico contra cortes fijados del mismo origen. Se utilizaron muestras de pacientes con CRCC, evaluándose diversas metodologías y condiciones experimentales de digestión de muestras, adherencia y despegue celular, fenotipo lipogénico, potencial de clonación, proliferación y capacidad de migración. El mayor rendimiento y viabilidad celular se verificó mediante digestión con colagenasa. La adherencia inicial se logró a las 24 hs de incubación, utilizando placas plásticas de cultivo, recubiertas con colágeno comercial y gelatina 0,2% en la mayoría de las muestras analizadas (60% de los casos). Se obtuvieron monocapas, con potencial de migración, en un 40% de los casos, tras 5 ± 1 días de incubación. El promedio de subcultivos fue de 3 ± 1. Este estudio permitió estandarizar cultivos primarios de CRCC comprobándose la conservación de la fenotipia lipogénica, logrando de dicha manera una herramienta importante y útil para el estudio de la biología tumoral y el ensayo de nuevas terapéuticas

High-resolution mapping of the physical conditions in two nearby active galaxies based on 12CO(1-0), (2-1) and (3-2) lines

We present a detailed analysis of high resolution observations of the three lowest CO transitions in two nearby active galaxies, NGC4569 and NGC4826. The CO(1-0) and (2-1) lines were observed with the Plateau de Bure Interferometer and the CO(3-2) line with the Submillimeter Array. Combining these data allows us to compare the emission in the three lines and to map the line ratios, R21=I_{CO(2-1)}/I_{CO(1-0)} and R32=I_{CO(3-2)}/I_{CO(1-0)} at a resolution of ~2", i.e., a linear resolution of 160 pc for NGC4569 and 40 pc for NGC4826. In both galaxies the emission in the three lines is similarly distributed spatially and in velocity, and CO is less excited (R32<0.6) than in the Galactic Center or the centers of other active galaxies studied so far. According to a pseudo-LTE model the molecular gas in NGC4569 is cold and mainly optically thick in the CO(1-0) and (2-1) lines; less than 50% of the gas is optically thin in the CO(3-2) line. LVG modeling suggests the presence of an elongated ring of cold and dense gas coinciding with the ILR of the stellar bar. More excited gas is resolved in the circumnuclear disk of NGC4826. According to our pseudo-LTE model this corresponds to warmer gas with a ~50% of the CO(3-2) emission being optically thin. LVG modeling indicates the presence of a semicircular arc of dense and cold gas centered on the dynamical center and ~70 pc in radius. The gas temperature increases and its density decreases toward the center. A near side/far side asymmetry noticeable in the CO, R32 and Pa-alpha maps suggests that opacity effects play a role. Examining published CO maps of nearby active galaxies we find similar asymmetries suggesting that this could be a common phenomenon in active galaxies. These mainly qualitative results open new perspectives for the study of active galaxies with the future Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array.Comment: accepted for publication in A&

ALMA Observations of Asteroid 3 Juno at 60 Kilometer Resolution

We present Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA) 1.3 mm continuum images of the asteroid 3 Juno obtained with an angular resolution of 0.042 arcseconds (60 km at 1.97 AU). The data were obtained over a single 4.4 hr interval, which covers 60% of the 7.2 hr rotation period, approximately centered on local transit. A sequence of ten consecutive images reveals continuous changes in the asteroid's profile and apparent shape, in good agreement with the sky projection of the three-dimensional model of the Database of Asteroid Models from Inversion Techniques. We measure a geometric mean diameter of 259pm4 km, in good agreement with past estimates from a variety of techniques and wavelengths. Due to the viewing angle and inclination of the rotational pole, the southern hemisphere dominates all of the images. The median peak brightness temperature is 215pm13 K, while the median over the whole surface is 197pm15 K. With the unprecedented resolution of ALMA, we find that the brightness temperature varies across the surface with higher values correlated to the subsolar point and afternoon areas, and lower values beyond the evening terminator. The dominance of the subsolar point is accentuated in the final four images, suggesting a reduction in the thermal inertia of the regolith at the corresponding longitudes, which are possibly correlated to the location of the putative large impact crater. These results demonstrate ALMA's potential to resolve thermal emission from the surface of main belt asteroids, and to measure accurately their position, geometric shape, rotational period, and soil characteristics.Comment: 8 pages, 3 figures, 2 tables, accepted for publication in the Astrophysical Journal Letter