Epidemiologia dos acidentes com animais peçonhentos registrados no Estado de Goiás entre os anos de 2007 e 2017

Objective: To describe the epidemiological profile of accidents caused by venomous animals occurring in the state of Goiás between 2007 and 2017. Methods: This is an observational, retrospective epidemiological study that used the computerized data system for reporting accidents with venomous animals, linked to DATASUS. Results: In this period, 34,968 records of accidents with venomous animals were reported, corresponding to an annual average of 3,496.8 cases and an average of 9.5 accidents per day. Scorpions (43%) and snakes (33.3%) were the animals most frequently involved in accidents. There was predominance (61.1%) and between 20 and 59 years of age. The time elapsed between the bite and the treatment occurred more frequently between 0 and 1 h after the accident (48.2%) and between 1 and 3 hours (25.5%). Poisoning was classified according to severity in mild (68.4%), moderate (21.1%) and severe (4.6%) cases. Conclusion: In general, the results show that in Goiás, there are predominant accidents with male and economically active population, being most attended within the first hour after an accident and classified as mild severity.Objetivo: Descrever o perfil epidemiológico dos acidentes por animais peçonhentos ocorridos no Estado de Goiás entre os anos de 2007 a 2017.Métodos: Trata-se de um estudo epidemiológico observacional, retrospectivo, que utilizou o sistema informatizado de dados das notificações de acidentes com animais peçonhentos, vinculado ao DATASUS. Resultados: Foram notificados, neste período, 34.968 registros de acidentes com animais peçonhentos, correspondendo a uma média anual de 3.496,8 casos e média de 9,5 acidentes por dia. Os escorpiões (43%) e as serpentes (33,3%) foram os animais mais frequentemente envolvidos nos acidentes. Houve predominância do sexo masculino (61,1%%) e com faixa etária entre 20 e 59 anos de idade. O tempo decorrido entre a picada e o atendimento ocorreu em maior frequência entre 0 a 1 h após o acidente (48,2%) e entre 1 a 3 horas (25,5%). Os envenenamentos foram classificados, de acordo com a gravidade em casos leves (68,4%), moderado (21,1 %) e graves (4,6%). Conclusão: De modo geral, os resultados evidenciam que em Goiás, predomina acidentes com população masculina e economicamente ativa, sendo majoritariamente atendidos dentro da primeira hora após acidente e classificados como gravidade leve

Arginase 1 deficiency presenting as complicated hereditary spastic paraplegia

INTRODUCTION: Argininemia or arginase deficiency is a metabolic disorder caused by pathogenic variants in ARG1 and consists of a variable association of progressive spastic paraplegia, intellectual disability, and seizures. Hereditary spastic paraplegia (HSP) is a group of inherited diseases whose main feature is a progressive gait disorder characterized by lower limb spasticity. This study presents 7 patients with arginase 1 deficiency from 6 different families, all with an initial diagnosis of complicated HSP. METHODS: We evaluated the clinical data of 7 patients belonging to six independent families who were diagnosed with hyperargininemia in a neurogenetics outpatient clinic. RESULTS: All patients had lower limb spasticity and six had global developmental delay. Five individuals had intellectual disability and two had epilepsy. Psychiatric abnormalities were seen in two patients. In two participants of this study, MRI disclosed thinning of the corpus callosum. Molecular diagnosis was made by whole exome sequencing. All variants were present in homozygosis; we identified two novel missense variants, one novel frameshift variant, and one previously published missense variant. DISCUSSION: Clinical diagnosis of early onset complicated hereditary spastic paraplegia was made in all patients. Two patients were initially suspected of having SPG11 due to thinning of the corpus callosum. As argininemia may present with a highly penetrant phenotype of spastic paraplegia associated with additional symptoms, this disease may represent a specific entity amongst the complicated HSPs

Perfil epidemiológico da hanseníase no período de 2015 a 2018 no município de Goianésia (GO) Perfil epidemiológico da hanseníase em Goianésia, Goiás / Epidemiological profile of leprosy in the period from 2015 to 2018 in the city of Goianésia (GO) Epidemiological profile of leprosy in Goianésia, Goiás

Objetivo: Avaliar o perfil epidemiológico da hanseníase no município de Goianésia, Goiás no período de 2015 a 2018. Métodos: Trata-se de um estudo epidemiológico observacional, retrospectivo em que os dados foram extraídos do Sistema de Informação de Agravos de Notificação (SINAN). Resultados: Foram notificados 102 casos durante o recorde temporal estudado. Observou-se a predominância de casos no sexo masculino, e em indivíduos entre 35 e 49 anos, sendo que o grau zero de incapacidade foi detectado em 70,42% dos pacientes. Maior parte era multibacilar, inerentes às formas clínicas dimorfa e virchowiana. Conclusões: O alto coeficiente de detecção da hanseníase identificado demonstra a condição de área prioritária para o controle da doença. Além disso, o grande número de casos das formas multibacilares encontrado no município alertam ainda mais sobre a necessidade imediata de um efetivo controle

Position statement on nutrition therapy for overweight and obesity: nutrition department of the Brazilian association for the study of obesity and metabolic syndrome: ABESO 2022

© The Author(s) 2023. Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data.Obesity is a chronic disease resulting from multifactorial causes mainly related to lifestyle (sedentary lifestyle, inadequate eating habits) and to other conditions such as genetic, hereditary, psychological, cultural, and ethnic factors. The weight loss process is slow and complex, and involves lifestyle changes with an emphasis on nutritional therapy, physical activity practice, psychological interventions, and pharmacological or surgical treatment. Because the management of obesity is a long-term process, it is essential that the nutritional treatment contributes to the maintenance of the individual's global health. The main diet-related causes associated with excess weight are the high consumption of ultraprocessed foods, which are high in fats, sugars, and have high energy density; increased portion sizes; and low intake of fruits, vegetables, and grains. In addition, some situations negatively interfere with the weight loss process, such as fad diets that involve the belief in superfoods, the use of teas and phytotherapics, or even the avoidance of certain food groups, as has currently been the case for foods that are sources of carbohydrates. Individuals with obesity are often exposed to fad diets and, on a recurring basis, adhere to proposals with promises of quick solutions, which are not supported by the scientific literature. The adoption of a dietary pattern combining foods such as grains, lean meats, low-fat dairy, fruits, and vegetables, associated with an energy deficit, is the nutritional treatment recommended by the main international guidelines. Moreover, an emphasis on behavioral aspects including motivational interviewing and the encouragement for the individual to develop skills will contribute to achieve and maintain a healthy weight. Therefore, this Position Statement was prepared based on the analysis of the main randomized controlled studies and meta-analyses that tested different nutrition interventions for weight loss. Topics in the frontier of knowledge such as gut microbiota, inflammation, and nutritional genomics, as well as the processes involved in weight regain, were included in this document. This Position Statement was prepared by the Nutrition Department of the Brazilian Association for the Study of Obesity and Metabolic Syndrome (ABESO), with the collaboration of dietitians from research and clinical fields with an emphasis on strategies for weight loss.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

ATLANTIC-PRIMATES: a dataset of communities and occurrences of primates in the Atlantic Forests of South America

Primates play an important role in ecosystem functioning and offer critical insights into human evolution, biology, behavior, and emerging infectious diseases. There are 26 primate species in the Atlantic Forests of South America, 19 of them endemic. We compiled a dataset of 5,472 georeferenced locations of 26 native and 1 introduced primate species, as hybrids in the genera Callithrix and Alouatta. The dataset includes 700 primate communities, 8,121 single species occurrences and 714 estimates of primate population sizes, covering most natural forest types of the tropical and subtropical Atlantic Forest of Brazil, Paraguay and Argentina and some other biomes. On average, primate communities of the Atlantic Forest harbor 2 ± 1 species (range = 1–6). However, about 40% of primate communities contain only one species. Alouatta guariba (N = 2,188 records) and Sapajus nigritus (N = 1,127) were the species with the most records. Callicebus barbarabrownae (N = 35), Leontopithecus caissara (N = 38), and Sapajus libidinosus (N = 41) were the species with the least records. Recorded primate densities varied from 0.004 individuals/km 2 (Alouatta guariba at Fragmento do Bugre, Paraná, Brazil) to 400 individuals/km 2 (Alouatta caraya in Santiago, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil). Our dataset reflects disparity between the numerous primate census conducted in the Atlantic Forest, in contrast to the scarcity of estimates of population sizes and densities. With these data, researchers can develop different macroecological and regional level studies, focusing on communities, populations, species co-occurrence and distribution patterns. Moreover, the data can also be used to assess the consequences of fragmentation, defaunation, and disease outbreaks on different ecological processes, such as trophic cascades, species invasion or extinction, and community dynamics. There are no copyright restrictions. Please cite this Data Paper when the data are used in publications. We also request that researchers and teachers inform us of how they are using the data. © 2018 by the The Authors. Ecology © 2018 The Ecological Society of Americ

In vitro assessment for cytotoxicity screening of new antimalarial candidates

In antimalarial research there are no standard procedures to determine the toxicity of a drug candidate. Among the alternatives available, in vitro cytotoxicity assays are the most widely used to predict toxic effects of future therapeutic products. They have the advantage over the in vivo assays, in that they offer the possibility to restrain the number of experimental variables. The objective of the present study was to compare in vitro cytotoxic methods by testing various compounds currently used to treat malaria against different cell lines. Neutral red (NR) uptake and methylthiazoletetrazolium (MTT) colorimetric in vitro assays were used to determine preliminary toxicity of commercially available antimalarial drugs against tumor and non-tumor cells lines. Toxicity through brine shrimp lethality bioassay and hemolytic activity were also evaluated. Significant differences were observed in the tests measured by NR uptake. The tumor cell lines TOV-21G and HepG2 and non-tumor WI-26VA4 cells showed relatively uniform toxicity results, with TOV-21G being the most sensitive cell tested, presenting the lowest concentration to cause death to 50% of viable cells (CC50) values. The results of this study support the use of TOV-21G, HepG2 and WI-26VA4 cells lines as the choice for cytotoxicity tests to evaluate potential bioactive compounds

Comportamento anoréxico e percepção corporal em universitários Anorexic behavior and body self-perception on universitarians

OBJETIVO: Avaliar a percepção corporal e a prevalência de sintomas de anorexia nervosa em estudantes universitários. MÉTODOS: Estudo transversal, no qual a seleção da amostra foi realizada por conveniência. Aplicou-se o questionário teste de atitudes alimentares (EAT- 26) e teste de imagem corporal, para avaliar os sintomas de anorexia nervosa e a percepção corporal, respectivamente. Para a análise estatística dos dados utilizou-se o teste binomial para verificar a existência de associação entre as variáveis qualitativas. RESULTADOS: Participaram do estudo 149 estudantes de nutrição e 78 estudantes de educação física. Observou-se que 10,3% e 14,1% dos estudantes de educação física e nutrição, respectivamente, apresentaram fatores de risco para desenvolver anorexia nervosa e o teste de imagem corporal evidenciou proporções elevadas de insatisfação com a forma corporal, em ambos os cursos: 75,8% e 78,2% para os cursos de nutrição e educação física, respectivamente. CONCLUSÃO: Os estudantes de nutrição mostraram maior tendência de apresentar comportamento de risco para anorexia nervosa, com predominância no sexo feminino. Além disso, os resultados evidenciaram proporções elevadas de insatisfação com a imagem corporal, em ambos os cursos. Estes resultados são preocupantes, tendo em vista que são futuros profissionais que possuem papel fundamental na detecção e, no caso do nutricionista, no manejo destes distúrbios.<br>OBJECTIVE: To assess body perception and prevalence of symptoms of nervous anorexy in college students. METHODS: Cross-sectional study with convenience sample. We used the Eating Attitudes Test questionnaire (EAT-26) and the Body Image Test to evaluate symptoms of nervous anorexy and the body perception on the participants, respectively. In the statistical analysis, Binomial test was used to assess the association between qualitative variables. RESULTS: This study included 149 nutrition and 78 physical education students. The results showed that 10.3% and 14.1% of the physical education and nutrition students, respectively, presented risk factors for the development of anorexy, and the Body Image Test revealed high levels of dissatisfaction regarding body shape of students in both courses: 75.8% and 78.2% in nutrition and physical education, respectively. CONCLUSION: Students of nutrition showed greater tendency to present risk behavior for developing nervous anorexy, predominantly in females. Moreover, the results showed high proportions of dissatisfaction with body image in both courses. These results raise concern, since the physical education teachers and nutritionists are the professionals who play a key role in detecting and, in the case of a nutritionist, managing these disorders

NEOTROPICAL CARNIVORES: a data set on carnivore distribution in the Neotropics

Mammalian carnivores are considered a key group in maintaining ecological health and can indicate potential ecological integrity in landscapes where they occur. Carnivores also hold high conservation value and their habitat requirements can guide management and conservation plans. The order Carnivora has 84 species from 8 families in the Neotropical region: Canidae; Felidae; Mephitidae; Mustelidae; Otariidae; Phocidae; Procyonidae; and Ursidae. Herein, we include published and unpublished data on native terrestrial Neotropical carnivores (Canidae; Felidae; Mephitidae; Mustelidae; Procyonidae; and Ursidae). NEOTROPICAL CARNIVORES is a publicly available data set that includes 99,605 data entries from 35,511 unique georeferenced coordinates. Detection/non-detection and quantitative data were obtained from 1818 to 2018 by researchers, governmental agencies, non-governmental organizations, and private consultants. Data were collected using several methods including camera trapping, museum collections, roadkill, line transect, and opportunistic records. Literature (peer-reviewed and grey literature) from Portuguese, Spanish and English were incorporated in this compilation. Most of the data set consists of detection data entries (n = 79,343; 79.7%) but also includes non-detection data (n = 20,262; 20.3%). Of those, 43.3% also include count data (n = 43,151). The information available in NEOTROPICAL CARNIVORES will contribute to macroecological, ecological, and conservation questions in multiple spatio-temporal perspectives. As carnivores play key roles in trophic interactions, a better understanding of their distribution and habitat requirements are essential to establish conservation management plans and safeguard the future ecological health of Neotropical ecosystems. Our data paper, combined with other large-scale data sets, has great potential to clarify species distribution and related ecological processes within the Neotropics. There are no copyright restrictions and no restriction for using data from this data paper, as long as the data paper is cited as the source of the information used. We also request that users inform us of how they intend to use the data

NEOTROPICAL XENARTHRANS: a data set of occurrence of xenarthran species in the Neotropics

Xenarthrans—anteaters, sloths, and armadillos—have essential functions for ecosystem maintenance, such as insect control and nutrient cycling, playing key roles as ecosystem engineers. Because of habitat loss and fragmentation, hunting pressure, and conflicts with domestic dogs, these species have been threatened locally, regionally, or even across their full distribution ranges. The Neotropics harbor 21 species of armadillos, 10 anteaters, and 6 sloths. Our data set includes the families Chlamyphoridae (13), Dasypodidae (7), Myrmecophagidae (3), Bradypodidae (4), and Megalonychidae (2). We have no occurrence data on Dasypus pilosus (Dasypodidae). Regarding Cyclopedidae, until recently, only one species was recognized, but new genetic studies have revealed that the group is represented by seven species. In this data paper, we compiled a total of 42,528 records of 31 species, represented by occurrence and quantitative data, totaling 24,847 unique georeferenced records. The geographic range is from the southern United States, Mexico, and Caribbean countries at the northern portion of the Neotropics, to the austral distribution in Argentina, Paraguay, Chile, and Uruguay. Regarding anteaters, Myrmecophaga tridactyla has the most records (n = 5,941), and Cyclopes sp. have the fewest (n = 240). The armadillo species with the most data is Dasypus novemcinctus (n = 11,588), and the fewest data are recorded for Calyptophractus retusus (n = 33). With regard to sloth species, Bradypus variegatus has the most records (n = 962), and Bradypus pygmaeus has the fewest (n = 12). Our main objective with Neotropical Xenarthrans is to make occurrence and quantitative data available to facilitate more ecological research, particularly if we integrate the xenarthran data with other data sets of Neotropical Series that will become available very soon (i.e., Neotropical Carnivores, Neotropical Invasive Mammals, and Neotropical Hunters and Dogs). Therefore, studies on trophic cascades, hunting pressure, habitat loss, fragmentation effects, species invasion, and climate change effects will be possible with the Neotropical Xenarthrans data set. Please cite this data paper when using its data in publications. We also request that researchers and teachers inform us of how they are using these data

NEOTROPICAL ALIEN MAMMALS: a data set of occurrence and abundance of alien mammals in the Neotropics

Biological invasion is one of the main threats to native biodiversity. For a species to become invasive, it must be voluntarily or involuntarily introduced by humans into a nonnative habitat. Mammals were among first taxa to be introduced worldwide for game, meat, and labor, yet the number of species introduced in the Neotropics remains unknown. In this data set, we make available occurrence and abundance data on mammal species that (1) transposed a geographical barrier and (2) were voluntarily or involuntarily introduced by humans into the Neotropics. Our data set is composed of 73,738 historical and current georeferenced records on alien mammal species of which around 96% correspond to occurrence data on 77 species belonging to eight orders and 26 families. Data cover 26 continental countries in the Neotropics, ranging from Mexico and its frontier regions (southern Florida and coastal-central Florida in the southeast United States) to Argentina, Paraguay, Chile, and Uruguay, and the 13 countries of Caribbean islands. Our data set also includes neotropical species (e.g., Callithrix sp., Myocastor coypus, Nasua nasua) considered alien in particular areas of Neotropics. The most numerous species in terms of records are from Bos sp. (n = 37,782), Sus scrofa (n = 6,730), and Canis familiaris (n = 10,084); 17 species were represented by only one record (e.g., Syncerus caffer, Cervus timorensis, Cervus unicolor, Canis latrans). Primates have the highest number of species in the data set (n = 20 species), partly because of uncertainties regarding taxonomic identification of the genera Callithrix, which includes the species Callithrix aurita, Callithrix flaviceps, Callithrix geoffroyi, Callithrix jacchus, Callithrix kuhlii, Callithrix penicillata, and their hybrids. This unique data set will be a valuable source of information on invasion risk assessments, biodiversity redistribution and conservation-related research. There are no copyright restrictions. Please cite this data paper when using the data in publications. We also request that researchers and teachers inform us on how they are using the data