A study on the amount of application of laboratory sciences courses in work place

زمینه و هدف: با استفاده از نظرات پرسنل شاغل در آزمایشگاه می توان تغییرات ارزشمندی در فرایند آموزش دانشجویان علوم آزمایشگاهی به وجود آورد. هدف از این مطالعه تعیین میزان کاربرد دروس رشته علوم آزمایشگاهی در محیط کار می باشد. روش بررسی: در این مطالعه توصیفی- مقطعی که با روش سرشماری انجام شد. پرسشنامه ای شامل دو بخش، اطلاعات دموگرافیک شامل جنس، مدرک تحصیلی و نوع استخدام و بخش نظر سنجی در زمینه برنامه های آموزش دروس مختلف تخصصی و پایه اعم از تئوری و عملی توسط 70 نفر از پرسنل شاغل در آزمایشگاه های دولتی تکمیل و میزان کاربرد دروس در محیط کار تعیین شد. یافته ها: بر اساس نتایج به دست آمده در بین دروس تخصصی، هماتولوژی عملی (3/74) و باکتری شناسی عملی (4/71) بیشترین کاربرد و دروس آسیب شناسی عملی و تئوری هر کدام با 9/2 کمترین کاربرد در محیط کار را به خود اختصاص دادند. میانگین کاربرد دروس تخصصی از نظر افراد با مدرک کاردانی به طور معنی داری از افراد با مدرک کارشناسی و کارشناسی ارشد کمتر بود (05/0>P). در بین دروس پایه، بیوشیمی عمومی عملی (3/44) و زبان (30) بیشترین کاربرد و دروس بافت شناسی تئوری و آناتومی تئوری هر کدام با فراوانی 3/4 و فیزیک عمومی تئوری با فراوانی 9/2 کمترین کاربرد را در آزمایشگاه داشته اند. نتیجه گیری: طبق نتایج این تحقیق دروس پایه کمترین کاربرد را در محیط کار داشته اند؛ لذا بازنگری این دروس در جهت کاربردی شدن آن ها، امری لازم و ضروری است

Evaluation of the Clinical and Laboratory Status of Pregnant Women with COVID-19

AbstractIntroduction: The prevalence of the COVID-19 virus has been very high, so that in a short period of time, due to its contagiousness, it has infected a large number of people around the world. Pregnant women are more sensitive to infectious diseases than the general population and are especially at risk of respiratory diseases and severe pneumonia. Considering the importance of mother and fetus management, assessment and management of pregnant women infected with COVID-19, the present study was conducted with the aim of investigating the clinical and laboratory status of pregnant women infected with SARS‐CoV‐2 referring to Imam Hassan and Bentolhoda hospital in Bojnurd.Methods: In this cross-sectional study, pregnant women with COVID-19 referred to Imam Hassan and Bentolhoda Hospital in Bojnurd between March 2020 and the beginning of Desember 2021 were studied. In order to collect information, an information form containing demographic and obstetric characteristics, evaluation of symptoms (fever, cough, abdominal pain, bloody secretions, rupture of fetal membranes in term pregnancy, chest tightness, asthma, fatigue, loss of appetite, headache, nausea and vomiting), laboratory status and outcomes pregnancy and childbirth was used. Statistical analysis was done with SPSS 24 software.Results: The age range of the studied women was 15-48 years and the average gestational age was 26.21±9.4 weeks. The type of delivery in 46.2% was normal vaginal delivery, 53.8% was cesarean section. LBW, admission to NICU, need for resuscitation, meconium-stained AF were 5.71%, 4.76%, 3.80%, 0.95%, respectively. The average number of referrals to the hospital due to COVID-19 in the studied women was 1.6 ± 1.1 times, the average number of days in the hospital was 5.1 ± 3.1 days, and the average number of days in the intensive care unit was 4.08±2.1 days. The most common clinical symptoms in the studied women were related to cough (76.19), dyspnea (72.38), fever (56.19), and myalgia (33.33).Conclusions: Based on the results obtained from this study, clinical symptoms and laboratory results in pregnant women with COVID-19 are similar to infected adults. Common symptoms of COVID-19 disease in pregnant women included fever, cough, and myalgia

Metabolic Syndrome and Cardiovascular Risk Factors in a National Sample of Adolescent Population in the Middle East and North Africa: The CASPIAN III Study

Objective. The present study was designed to investigate the prevalence of different combinations of the metabolic syndrome (MetS) risk factors among a nationally representative sample of adolescents in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA). Methods. The study sample, obtained as part of the third study of the school-based surveillance system entitled CASPIAN III, was representative of the Iranian adolescent population aged from 10 to 18 years. The prevalence of different components of MetS was studied and their discriminative value was assessed by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis. Results. The study participants consisted of 5738 students (2875 girls) with mean age of 14.7±2.4 years) living in 23 provinces in Iran; 17.4% of participants were underweight and 17.7% were overweight or obese. Based on the criteria of the International Diabetes Federation for the adolescent age group, 24.2% of participants had one risk factor, 8.0% had two, 2.1% had three, and 0.3% had all the four components of MetS. Low HDL-C was the most common component (43.2% among the overweight/obese versus 34.9% of the normal-weight participants), whereas high blood pressure was the least common component. The prevalence of MetS was 15.4% in the overweight/obese participants, the corresponding figure was 1.8% for the normal-weight students, and 2.5% in the whole population studied. Overweight/obese subjects had a 9.68 increased odds of (95% CI: 6.65–14.09) the MetS compared to their normal-weight counterparts. For all the three risk factors, AUC ranged between 0.84 and 0.88, 0.83 and 0.87, and 0.86 and 0.89 in waist circumference, abdominal obesity, and BMI for boys and between 0.78 and 0.97, 0.67 and 0.93, and 0.82 and 0.96 for girls, respectively. Conclusion. The findings from this study provide alarming evidence-based data on the considerable prevalence of obesity, MetS, and CVD risk factors in the adolescent age group. These results are confirmatory evidence for the necessity of primordial/primary prevention of noncommunicable disease should be considered as a health priority in communities facing a double burden of nutritional disorders

The global, regional, and national burden of adult lip, oral, and pharyngeal cancer in 204 countries and territories:A systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019

Importance Lip, oral, and pharyngeal cancers are important contributors to cancer burden worldwide, and a comprehensive evaluation of their burden globally, regionally, and nationally is crucial for effective policy planning.Objective To analyze the total and risk-attributable burden of lip and oral cavity cancer (LOC) and other pharyngeal cancer (OPC) for 204 countries and territories and by Socio-demographic Index (SDI) using 2019 Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors (GBD) Study estimates.Evidence Review The incidence, mortality, and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) due to LOC and OPC from 1990 to 2019 were estimated using GBD 2019 methods. The GBD 2019 comparative risk assessment framework was used to estimate the proportion of deaths and DALYs for LOC and OPC attributable to smoking, tobacco, and alcohol consumption in 2019.Findings In 2019, 370 000 (95% uncertainty interval [UI], 338 000-401 000) cases and 199 000 (95% UI, 181 000-217 000) deaths for LOC and 167 000 (95% UI, 153 000-180 000) cases and 114 000 (95% UI, 103 000-126 000) deaths for OPC were estimated to occur globally, contributing 5.5 million (95% UI, 5.0-6.0 million) and 3.2 million (95% UI, 2.9-3.6 million) DALYs, respectively. From 1990 to 2019, low-middle and low SDI regions consistently showed the highest age-standardized mortality rates due to LOC and OPC, while the high SDI strata exhibited age-standardized incidence rates decreasing for LOC and increasing for OPC. Globally in 2019, smoking had the greatest contribution to risk-attributable OPC deaths for both sexes (55.8% [95% UI, 49.2%-62.0%] of all OPC deaths in male individuals and 17.4% [95% UI, 13.8%-21.2%] of all OPC deaths in female individuals). Smoking and alcohol both contributed to substantial LOC deaths globally among male individuals (42.3% [95% UI, 35.2%-48.6%] and 40.2% [95% UI, 33.3%-46.8%] of all risk-attributable cancer deaths, respectively), while chewing tobacco contributed to the greatest attributable LOC deaths among female individuals (27.6% [95% UI, 21.5%-33.8%]), driven by high risk-attributable burden in South and Southeast Asia.Conclusions and Relevance In this systematic analysis, disparities in LOC and OPC burden existed across the SDI spectrum, and a considerable percentage of burden was attributable to tobacco and alcohol use. These estimates can contribute to an understanding of the distribution and disparities in LOC and OPC burden globally and support cancer control planning efforts

Global, regional, and national burden of colorectal cancer and its risk factors, 1990–2019: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019

Funding: F Carvalho and E Fernandes acknowledge support from Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia, I.P. (FCT), in the scope of the project UIDP/04378/2020 and UIDB/04378/2020 of the Research Unit on Applied Molecular Biosciences UCIBIO and the project LA/P/0140/2020 of the Associate Laboratory Institute for Health and Bioeconomy i4HB; FCT/MCTES through the project UIDB/50006/2020. J Conde acknowledges the European Research Council Starting Grant (ERC-StG-2019-848325). V M Costa acknowledges the grant SFRH/BHD/110001/2015, received by Portuguese national funds through Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia (FCT), IP, under the Norma Transitória DL57/2016/CP1334/CT0006.proofepub_ahead_of_prin

Burden of tracheal, bronchus, and lung cancer in North Africa and Middle East countries, 1990 to 2019: Results from the GBD study 2019

ObjectiveTo provide estimates on the regional and national burden of tracheal, bronchus, and lung (TBL) cancer and its attributable risk factors from 1990 to 2019 in the North Africa and Middle East (NAME) region.Methods and materialsThe Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2019 data were used. Disability-adjusted life years (DALYs), death, incidence, and prevalence rates were categorized by sex and age groups in the NAME region, in 21 countries, from 1990 to 2019. Decomposition analysis was performed to calculate the proportion of responsible factors in the emergence of new cases. Data are presented as point estimates with their 95% uncertainty intervals (UIs).ResultsIn the NAME region, TBL cancer caused 15,396 and 57,114 deaths in women and men, respectively, in 2019. The age-standardized incidence rate (ASIR) increased by 0.7% (95% UI -20.6 to 24.1) and reached 16.8 per 100,000 (14.9 to 19.0) in 2019. All the age-standardized indices had a decreasing trend in men and an increasing trend in women from 1990 to 2019. Turkey (34.9 per 100,000 [27.6 to 43.5]) and Sudan (8.0 per 100,000 [5.2 to 12.5]) had the highest and lowest age-standardized prevalence rates (ASPRs) in 2019, respectively. The highest and lowest absolute slopes of change in ASPR, from 1990 to 2019, were seen in Bahrain (-50.0% (-63.6 to -31.7)) and the United Arab Emirates (-1.2% (-34.1 to 53.8)), respectively. The number of deaths attributable to risk factors was 58,816 (51,709 to 67,323) in 2019 and increased by 136.5%. Decomposition analysis showed that population growth and age structure change positively contributed to new incident cases. More than 80% of DALYs could be decreased by controlling risk factors, particularly tobacco use.ConclusionThe incidence, prevalence, and DALY rates of TBL cancer increased, and the death rate remained unchanged from 1990 to 2019. All the indices and contribution of risk factors decreased in men but increased in women. Tobacco is still the leading risk factor. Early diagnosis and tobacco cessation policies should be improved

Effect of Reversible Inactivation of the Kolliker Fuse Nucleus on Basal Blood Pressure and Heart Rate in Anesthetized Rat

Introduction: Several supra spinal areas such as rostral ventrolateral medulla (RVLM) area are involved in basic cardiovascular regulation. The Kolliker— Fuse nucleus (KF) is located in pons and is heavily connected with RVLM. The cardiovascular effect of KF nucleus has been shown and it is suggested that KF is involved in sympathetic vasomotor tone and basic cardiovascular regulation. Therefore, in the present study, the effects of KF on basic cardiovascular values were evaluated. Materials & Methods: After induction of anesthesia, a polyethylene catheter (PE-50) filled with heparinized saline was inserted into the femoral artery of rats. Animals were then placed in a stereotaxic apparatus and KF nucleus was inactivated by microinjection of cobalt chloride (CoCl2). Blood pressure and heart rate (HR) were continuously recorded pre and post inactivation. Results: Our result showed that inactivation of KF slightly changed mean arterial blood pressure (MAP) (92.3 ± 2.45 mmHg vs. 90.86 ± 1.7 mmHg) and HR (343.8 ± 4.6 beats/min vs. 350.7 ± 8.32 beats /min). However, these effects were not significant in comparison to the control group. Discussion: We concluded that synapses in the KF nucleus have no effect on regulation of basal blood pressure and heart rate, because CoCl2 is a synaptic blocker

Brain tissue oxidative damage as a possible mechanism for the deleterious effect of a chronic high dose of estradiol on learning and memory in ovariectomized rats Dano oxidativo ao tecido cerebral como possível mecanismo de efeito deletério da alta dose crônica de estradiol no aprendizado e memória de ratas ooforectomizadas

In addition to antioxidative effects, estrogens also exert pro-oxidative actions. The effect of chronic administration of a high dose of estradiol valerate on Morris water maze tasks and brain tissues oxidative damage was investigated. The Sham-Est and OVX-Est groups were treated with estradiol valerate (4 mg/kg) for 12 weeks. Escape latency and traveled path in the Sham-Est and OVX-Est groups were significantly higher than in the Sham and OVX groups (p&#8810;0.01 and p&#8810;0.001). In the probe trial, the animals of the Sham-Est and OVX-Est groups spent lower time in Q1 compared to Sham and OVX groups (p&#8810;0.05 and p&#8810;0.001). In Sham-Est and OVX-Est groups, the brain tissue total thiol concentration was significantly lower, and malondialdehyde (MDA) concentrations were higher than in the Sham and OVX groups (p&#8810;0.05 and p&#8810;0.001). It is concluded that administration of high exogenous levels of estradiol impairs performance and enhances oxidative stress.<br>Al&#233;m dos efeitos antioxidantes, os estr&#243;genos tamb&#233;m t&#234;m a&#231;&#227;o pr&#243;-oxidativa. Foi investigado o efeito da administra&#231;&#227;o cr&#244;nica de alta dose de valereato de estradiol no desempenho do labirinto aqu&#225;tico de Morris e o dano oxidativo ao tecido cerebral. Os grupos Sham-Est e OVX-Est foram tratados com valereato de estradiol (4 mg/kg) por 12 semanas. O tempo de lat&#234;ncia para escapada e o caminho percorrido foram significativamente maiores nos grupos Sham-Est e OVX-Est em rela&#231;&#227;o aos grupos Sham e OVX (p&#8810;0,01 e p&#8810;0,001). No estudo probe, os animais dos grupos Sham-Est e OVX-Est levaram menos tempo no Q1 em compara&#231;&#227;o aos grupos Sham e OVX (p&#8810;0,05 e p&#8810;0,001). Nos grupos Sham-Est e OVX-Est, a concentra&#231;&#227;o total de tiol foi significativamente menor, enquanto a concentra&#231;&#227;o de malondialdehydo (MDA) for maior do que aquela dos grupos Sham e OVX (p&#8810;0,05 e p&#8810;0,001). Concluiu-se que a administra&#231;&#227;o de altas doses de estradiol ex&#243;geno compromete o desempenho e aumenta o estresse oxidativo naqueles animais

Brain tissue oxidative damage as a possible mechanism for the deleterious effect of a chronic high dose of estradiol on learning and memory in ovariectomized rats

In addition to antioxidative effects, estrogens also exert pro-oxidative actions. The effect of chronic administration of a high dose of estradiol valerate on Morris water maze tasks and brain tissues oxidative damage was investigated. The Sham-Est and OVX-Est groups were treated with estradiol valerate (4 mg/kg) for 12 weeks. Escape latency and traveled path in the Sham-Est and OVX-Est groups were significantly higher than in the Sham and OVX groups (p≪0.01 and p≪0.001). In the probe trial, the animals of the Sham-Est and OVX-Est groups spent lower time in Q1 compared to Sham and OVX groups (p≪0.05 and p≪0.001). In Sham-Est and OVX-Est groups, the brain tissue total thiol concentration was significantly lower, and malondialdehyde (MDA) concentrations were higher than in the Sham and OVX groups (p≪0.05 and p≪0.001). It is concluded that administration of high exogenous levels of estradiol impairs performance and enhances oxidative stress