Ambiente y bioenergía

El número especial “Ambiente y Bioenergía” es una compilación de 15 artículos de investigación seleccionados con estricto rigor científico a partir de más de 100 trabajos de investigación presentados durante el Simposio Ambiente y Bioenergía (SAB2020), llevado a cabo el 17 y 18 de septiembre del año 2020. Este simposio se realizó de manera virtual como consecuencia de la pandemia del SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) y fue transmitido vía Zoom, Youtube y Facebook. El simposio estuvo organizado por la Asociación de Biotecnología, Ingeniería Ambiental y Energías Renovables, Asociación Civil (ABIAER AC), una asociación sin fines de lucro y de carácter internacional con sede en Méxic

Farmacovigilancia y la relación con el regente de farmacia

Este documento recopila, documenta y resume de una manera muy concreta, la información relacionada con la Farmacovigilancia (FV), en el marco del diplomado de profundización de dicho tema. A lo largo del curso se abordaron diferentes aspectos de la FV como sus generalidades, los métodos y programas de vigilancia, las reacciones adversas, su clasificación y los tipos de reacciones adversas a medicamentos (RAM), las interacciones entre medicamentos, el quehacer del regente de farmacia, la promoción del uso racional de medicamentos, la efectividad de los mismos y las enfermedades de mayor prevalencia e incidencia en la sociedad.This document compiles, documents and summarizes in a very concrete way, the information related to Pharmacovigilance (VF), around the course. Throughout the course, different aspects of VF were addressed, such as its generalities, surveillance methods and programs, adverse reactions, their classification and the types of adverse drug reactions (ADRs), drug interactions, the regent's work of pharmacy, the promotion of the rational use of medicines, their effectiveness and the diseases with the highest prevalence and incidence in society

Staging Parkinson’s Disease According to the MNCD (Motor/Non-motor/Cognition/Dependency) Classification Correlates with Disease Severity and Quality of Life

Background: Recently, a novel simple classification called MNCD, based on 4 axes (Motor; Non-motor; Cognition; Dependency) and 5 stages, has been proposed to classify Parkinson's disease (PD). Objective: Our aim was to apply the MNCD classification in a cohort of PD patients for the first time and also to analyze the correlation with quality of life (QoL) and disease severity. Methods: Data from the baseline visit of PD patients recruited from 35 centers in Spain from the COPPADIS cohort from January 2016 to November 2017 were used to apply the MNCD classification. Three instruments were used to assess QoL: 1) the 39-item Parkinson's disease Questionnaire [PDQ-39]); PQ-10; the EUROHIS-QOL 8-item index (EUROHIS-QOL8). Results: Four hundred and thirty-nine PD patients (62.05 +/- 7.84 years old; 59% males) were included. MNCD stage was: stage 1, 8.4% (N = 37); stage 2, 62% (N = 272); stage 3, 28.2% (N = 124); stage 4-5, 1.4% (N = 6). A more advanced MNCD stage was associated with a higher score on the PDQ39SI (p < 0.0001) and a lower score on the PQ-10 (p < 0.0001) and EUROHIS-QOL8 (p < 0.0001). In many other aspects of the disease, such as disease duration, levodopa equivalent daily dose, motor symptoms, non-motor symptoms, and autonomy for activities of daily living, an association between the stage and severity was observed, with data indicating a progressive worsening related to disease progression throughout the proposed stages. Conclusion: Staging PD according to the MNCD classification correlated with QoL and disease severity. The MNCD could be a proper tool to monitor the progression of PD

Staging Parkinson’s Disease According to the MNCD (Motor/Non-motor/Cognition/Dependency) Classification Correlates with Disease Severity and Quality of Life

© 2023 – The authors. Published by IOS Press. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial License (CC BY-NC 4.0).Background: Recently, a novel simple classification called MNCD, based on 4 axes (Motor; Non-motor; Cognition; Dependency) and 5 stages, has been proposed to classify Parkinson's disease (PD).Objective: Our aim was to apply the MNCD classification in a cohort of PD patients for the first time and also to analyze the correlation with quality of life (QoL) and disease severity.Methods: Data from the baseline visit of PD patients recruited from 35 centers in Spain from the COPPADIS cohort fromJanuary 2016 to November 2017 were used to apply the MNCD classification. Three instruments were used to assess QoL:1) the 39-item Parkinson's disease Questionnaire [PDQ-39]); PQ-10; the EUROHIS-QOL 8-item index (EUROHIS-QOL8).Results: Four hundred and thirty-nine PD patients (62.05±7.84 years old; 59% males) were included. MNCD stage was:stage 1, 8.4% (N = 37); stage 2, 62% (N = 272); stage 3, 28.2% (N = 124); stage 4-5, 1.4% (N = 6). A more advancedMNCD stage was associated with a higher score on the PDQ39SI (p < 0.0001) and a lower score on the PQ-10 (p< 0.0001) and EUROHIS-QOL8 (p< 0.0001). In many other aspects of the disease, such as disease duration, levodopa equivalent daily dose, motor symptoms, non-motor symptoms, and autonomy for activities of daily living, an association between the stage and severity was observed, with data indicating a progressive worsening related to disease progression throughout the proposed stages.Conclusion: Staging PD according to the MNCD classification correlated with QoL and disease severity. The MNCD could be a proper tool to monitor the progression of PD.COPPADIS and the present study were developed with the help of Fundación Española de Ayuda a la Investigación en Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas y/o de Origen Genético (https://fundaciondegen.org/) and Alpha Bioresearch (www.alphabioresearch.com). Also, we received grants from the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness [PI16/01575] co-founded by ISCIII (Concesión de subvenciones de Proyectos de Investigación en Salud de la convocatoria 2020 de la Acción Estratégica en Salud 2017-2020 por el Proyecto “PROGRESION NO MOTORA E IMPACTO EN LA CALIDAD DE VIDA EN LA ENFERMEDAD DE PARKINSON”) to develop a part of the COPPADIS project.Peer reviewe

Evaluation of feeding strategies in upflow anaerobic sludge bed reactor for hydrogenogenesis at psychrophilic temperature

International audienceThe present work evaluated the biohydrogen production from a 0.4 L upflow anaerobic sludge blanket reactor type (UASB) operating at psychrophilic temperature (21 ± 2 °C) at different feeding strategies varying hydraulic retention times (HRT) and sucrose concentration in the feeding. First strategy (24 h/31c) fed semi-continuously 31 gsucrose L−1 at 24 h HRT; second strategy (12 h/19c) fed semi-continuously 19 gsucrose L−1 at 12 h HRT; third strategy (4 h/8c) fed continuously 8.3 gsucrose L−1 at 4 h HRT.After 70 days of operation, the UASB accumulated 65.44 L H2. The average HY for the whole operation during the three strategies was 62.6 NmL H2 gsucrose−1, and average hydrogen content was 69.04%. In general terms, the best operation strategy was 12 h/19c since it presented good set of results, the best HY (70.6 NmL H2 gsucrose−1) and a comparable hydrogen production rate (2.6 L (L d)−1) to that obtained in 4 h/8c strategy (3.17 L (L d)−1). The average gross energy potential rate from the 12 h/19c strategy was 46.21 kJ (L d)−1, whereas energy heating losses were circumvented due to operation at psychrophilic regime. Indeed, psychrophilic or room temperatures should be broadly regarded as an effective alternative towards net energy gains in biohydrogen production

Batch biohydrogen production from dilute acid hydrolyzates of fruits-and-vegetables wastes and corn stover as co-substrates

International audienceFruits-and-vegetables wastes (FVW) and corn stover (CS) are two of the most recurred lignocellulosic biomasses used for biofuel production. In this work, the co-processing of FVW and CS for biohydrogen production was proposed and evaluated through a set of experimental designs. First, a 52 general factorial was applied on the dilute acid pretreatment at five levels of FVW:CS ratios (0:1, 1:3, 1:1, 3:1 and 1:0 dry mass basis) and two levels of the type of catalyst (HCl or H2SO4 at 0.5% in volumetric basis). Then, biohydrogen production using the dilute acid hydrolyzates was carried out in batch mode at 35 ºC in a 3 2 factorial design, the factors being the inoculum to substrate ratio (0.8, 1.0, and 1.2 g g-1) and the initial concentration of reducing sugars (10, 13 and 16 g L-1). The effects of the type of acid catalyst and the FVW:CS ratio were significant in terms of sugars production and yield. The best catalyst was HCl for the 3:1 FVW:CS ratio, which produced monomeric sugars concentrations of 10.0, 3.7 and 2.9 g L-1 for glucose, xylose and arabinose, respectively. The acid hydrolyzates proved to be suitable for biohydrogen production, reaching yields of 2.31 mol H2 mol-1glucose and hydrogen production rates of 8.83 mL H2 h-1. An economic prospection at lab scale demonstrated that production of hydrogen presented net revenues of 0.009 USD per kg of co-substrates (wet basis), resulting in 24 % profitability of hydrogen production over its production costs. Therefore, this co-processing is an interesting proposal with further applications on biorefinery models

Biorefinery concept comprising acid hydrolysis, dark fermentation, and anaerobic digestion for co-processing of fruit and vegetable wastes and corn stover

International audienceA new biorefinery conceptual process is proposed for biohydrogen and biomethane production from a combination of fruits and vegetables wastes (FVW) and corn stover (CS). The objective of this work was to perform the acid hydrolysis (HCl 0.5 % v/v, 120 °C, 2 h) of the FVW and CS at 3:1 dry basis ratio, and to process its main physical phases, liquid hydrolyzates (LH) and hydrolyzed solids (HS), by mesophilic dark fermentation (DF) and anaerobic digestion (AD), respectively. In DF of LH as carbon source, hydrogen was produced at maximum rate of 2.6 mL H2/(gglucose h) and maximum accumulation of 223.8 mL H2/gglucose, equivalent to 2 mol H2/molglucose, in a butyric-pathway driven fermentation. HS were digested to methane production assessing inoculum to substrate ratios in the range 2-4 ginoculum/gVS. The main results in AD were, 14 mmol CH4/gvs. The biorefinery demonstrated the feasibility to integrate the acid hydrolysis as pretreatment and subsequently use the LH for hydrogen production, and the HS for methane production, with an energy yield recovery of 9.7 kJ/gvs, being the energy contribution from anaerobic digestion 8-fold higher than of dark fermentation

PHOTO-FERMENTATIVE HYDROGEN PRODUCTION FROM ORGANIC ACIDS MIXTURES EVALUATED THROUGH PREDICTIVE MODELS FOR Rhodobacter capsulatus STRAINS

International audienceThis research aimed to evaluate growth and hydrogen production from Rhodobacter capsulatus DSM155 and B10 strains in function of volatile fatty acids (VFA) media composition, as well as to assess the light intensity effect on hydrogen production. The growth of DSM155 and B10 was verified in media containing either acetic acid, butyric acid, or sodium lactate, or a mixture of them (ABL medium), being the ABL medium that produced the maximum cell dry weight, 2.15 and 1.67 g/L for DSM155 and B10, respectively. Biohydrogen production was evaluated in media containing acetic and butyric acids (AB medium), and ABL medium. Both strains presented the highest hydrogen production using ABL medium, being the highest 239.2 mL H2 for DSM155. Finally, light intensity (10, 20, and 30 klux) effect on biohydrogen production was studied using the best strain and medium, i.e., DSM155 and ABL medium. DSM155 produced hydrogen increasingly in the order 10, 20, and 30 klx (2753.5, 2850.5, and 2946.3 mL H2/Lop, respectively); however, the light conversion efficiency into hydrogen showed an inverse trend, 7.47, 4.16, and 2.67 %. In conclusion, R. capsulatus DSM155 is advisable for biohydrogen production using ABL medium in the range 10-30 klux. Moreover, further work is recommended on DSM 155 using organic acid-rich real effluents from dark fermentation

Epidemiological Profile and Social Welfare Index as Factors Associated with COVID-19 Hospitalization and Severity in Mexico City: A Retrospective Analysis

Epidemiological data indicate that Mexico holds the 19th place in cumulative cases (5506.53 per 100,000 inhabitants) of COVID-19 and the 5th place in cumulative deaths (256.14 per 100,000 inhabitants) globally and holds the 4th and 3rd place in cumulative cases and deaths in the Americas region, respectively, with Mexico City being the most affected area. Several modifiable and non-modifiable risk factors have been linked to a poor clinical outcome in COVID-19 infection; however, whether socioeconomic and welfare factors are associated with clinical outcome has been scanty addressed. This study tried to investigate the association of Social Welfare Index (SWI) with hospitalization and severity due to COVID-19. A retrospective analysis was conducted at the Centro M&eacute;dico Nacional &ldquo;20 de Noviembre&rdquo;&mdash;ISSSTE, based in Mexico City, Mexico. A total of 3963 patients with confirmed or suspected COVID-19, registered from March to July 2020, were included, retrieved information from the Virology Analysis and Reference Unit Database. Demographic, symptoms and clinical data were analyzed, as well as the SWI, a multidimensional parameter based on living and household conditions. An adjusted binary logistic regression model was performed in order to compare the outcomes of hospitalization, mechanical ventilation requirement (MVR) and mortality between SWI categories: Very high (VHi), high (Hi), medium (M) and low (L). The main findings show that lower SWI were independently associated with higher probability for hospital entry: VHi vs. Hi vs. M vs. L-SWI (0 vs. +0.24 [OR = 1.24, CI95% 1.01&ndash;1.53] vs. +0.90 [OR = 1.90, CI95% 1.56&ndash;2.32] vs. 0.73 [OR = 1.73, CI95% 1.36&ndash;2.19], respectively); Mechanical Ventilation Requirement: VHi vs. M vs. L-SWI (0 vs. +0.45 [OR = 1.45, CI95% 1.11&ndash;1.87] vs. +0.35 [OR = 1.35, CI95% 1.00&ndash;1.82]) and mortality: VHi vs. Hi vs. M (0 vs. +0.54 [OR = 1.54, CI95% 1.22&ndash;1.94] vs. +0.41 [OR = 1.41, CI95% 1.13&ndash;1.76]). We concluded that SWI was independently associated with the poor clinical outcomes in COVID-19, beyond demographic, epidemiological and clinical characteristics