Relações produtoras do cuidado em práticas com plantas medicinais na estratégia de saúde da família em Juazeiro - Bahia

The therapeutic capabilities of Medicinal Plants and Herbal Medicine in Integrative and Complementary Practices (PICS) are regulated by Decree 971 of 03 May 2006, which recommends incentives to participatory community development, an important strategy for both the environment and for the comprehensive health care. This research aims to analyze the production of health care through the implementation of the National Policy on Integrative and Complementary Practices (PNPIC) Medicinal Plants and Herbal Medicine in the Family Health Strategy (ESF) in Juazeiro/BA. The theoretical framework addresses aspects of transdisciplinary seeking to systematize the knowledge of the complexity of health care. The study adopted a qualitative research methodology and fieldwork was carried out in urban areas in the first half of 2016 with a sample of 50 participants. They were conducted participant observation, semi-structured interviews and content analysis according to Bardin. The results indicate a lack of conceptual alignment on the directives of PNPIC and production of the care product offering related to herbal medicine in the ESF. It is observed that the popular practices for medicinal plants existing in the communities are promoted only by guardians. There is the presence of difficulties associated with the formation, which prevents health professionals apply knowledge in the field of medicinal and herbal plants, confirming that, ideologically, their formations are geared towards medicalization practices in the biomedical model. The potential analyzed as favorable to the development of herbal medicine within the ESF, are limited by the absence of mechanisms of management of natural resources. Therefore, the territorialisation of PICs is not understood as a strategy of the micro to the reorganization of the health care model, with new tessitura. It follows that knowledge of PNPIC within the ESF, both in management sphere, as in the care production relations, is relevant to its effectiveness. Therefore, dialogue is a possibility of reconnection of knowledge aiming at awareness and movements approaching the conventional and popular system of health care that enables a model built for diversity in the local context.Las capacidades terapéuticas de las plantas medicinales y hierbas medicinales en la PNPIC (PICS) están regulados por el Decreto 971 del 03 de mayo de 2006, que recomienda incentivos para el desarrollo comunitario participativo, una estrategia importante, tanto para el medio ambiente y para la atención integral de salud. Esta investigación tiene como objetivo analizar la producción de atención de la salud a través de la implementación de la Política Nacional de Prácticas Integrativas y Complementarias (PNPIC) plantas medicinales y hierbas medicinales en la Estrategia Salud de la Familia (ESF) en Juazeiro/BA. El marco teórico que aborda los aspectos de la transdisciplinario tratando de sistematizar el conocimiento de la complejidad de la atención sanitaria. El estudio adoptó una metodología de investigación cualitativa y el trabajo de campo se llevó a cabo en las zonas urbanas en la primera mitad de 2016 con una muestra de 50 participantes. Ellos se llevaron a cabo la observación participante, entrevistas semiestructuradas y análisis de contenido según Bardin. Los resultados indican una falta de alineación conceptual sobre las directivas de PNPIC y la producción de la oferta de productos relacionados con el cuidado de la medicina herbal en la ESF. Se observa que las prácticas populares para las plantas medicinales existentes en las comunidades son promovidos solamente por tutores. No es la presencia de dificultades asociadas con la formación, lo que impide que los profesionales sanitarios se aplican los conocimientos en el campo de las plantas medicinales y hierbas, lo que confirma que, ideológicamente, sus formaciones se orientan hacia prácticas medicalización en el modelo biomédico. El potencial analizada como favorable para el desarrollo de la medicina a base de hierbas dentro del ESF, están limitados por la ausencia de mecanismos de gestión de los recursos naturales. Por lo tanto, la territorialización de los PIC no se entiende como una estrategia de la micro a la reorganización del modelo de atención de la salud, con la nueva tesitura. De ello se desprende que el conocimiento de PNPIC dentro del ESF, tanto en la esfera de gestión, como en las relaciones de producción de cuidado, es relevante para su eficacia. Por lo tanto, el diálogo es una posibilidad de reconexión del conocimiento cuyo objetivo es sensibilizar y movimientos de aproximación al sistema convencional y popular de la asistencia sanitaria que permite un modelo construido por la diversidad en el contexto local.Os recursos terapêuticos das Plantas Medicinais e Fitoterapia em Práticas Integrativas e Complementares (PICs) estão regulamentados pela Portaria 971, de 03 de maio de 2006, que recomenda incentivos ao desenvolvimento comunitário participativo, uma estratégia importante, tanto para o meio ambiente, quanto para a atenção integral à saúde. Esta pesquisa tem como objetivo analisar a produção do cuidado em saúde através da aplicação da Política Nacional de Práticas Integrativas e Complementares (PNPIC) Plantas Medicinais e Fitoterapia em Estratégia de Saúde da Família (ESF) em Juazeiro/BA. O quadro teórico aborda aspectos da transdisciplinaridade que buscam sistematizar o conhecimento da complexidade do cuidado em saúde. O estudo adotou a metodologia de pesquisa qualitativa e o trabalho de campo foi realizado em áreas urbanas no primeiro semestre de 2016, com uma amostra composta por 50 participantes. Foram realizadas observação participante, entrevistas semiestruturadas e análise de conteúdo conforme Bardin. Os resultados apontam falta de alinhamento conceitual sobre as diretrizes da PNPIC e produção do cuidado com oferta de produtos relacionados à fitoterapia na ESF. Observa-se que as práticas populares com plantas medicinais existentes nas comunidades são promovidas apenas pelos guardiões. Verifica-se a presença de dificuldades associadas à formação, que impossibilita aos profissionais de saúde aplicar conhecimentos na área de plantas medicinais e fitoterapia, confirmando que, ideologicamente, suas formações são voltadas para práticas de medicalização no modelo biomédico. As potencialidades analisadas como favoráveis ao desenvolvimento da fitoterapia, no âmbito da ESF, encontram limitações pela ausência de mecanismos da gestão dos recursos naturais. Por conseguinte, a territorialização das PICs não é compreendida como uma estratégia das micropolíticas para a reorganização do modelo de atenção à saúde, com novas tessituras. Conclui-se que o conhecimento da PNPIC no território da ESF, tanto na esfera gerencial, como nas relações de produção do cuidado, é relevante para a sua efetivação. Portanto, o diálogo é uma possibilidade de religação dos saberes visando conscientização e movimentos de aproximação do sistema convencional e popular de atenção à saúde que possibilite um modelo construído pela diversidade, no contexto local

Applicability of geomechanical classifications for estimation of strength properties in Brazilian rock masses.

Many authors have been proposed several correlation equations between geomechanical classifications and strength parameters. However, these correlation equations have been based in rock masses with different characteristics when compared to Brazilian rock masses. This paper aims to study the applicability of the geomechanical classifications to obtain strength parameters of three Brazilian rock masses. Four classification systems have been used; the Rock Mass Rating (RMR), the Rock Mass Quality (Q), the Geological Strength Index (GSI) and the Rock Mass Index (RMi). A strong rock mass and two soft rock masses with different degrees of weathering located in the cities of Ouro Preto and Mariana, Brazil; were selected for the study. Correlation equations were used to estimate the strength properties of these rock masses. However, such correlations do not always provide compatible results with the rock mass behavior. For the calibration of the strength values obtained through the use of classification systems, stability analyses of failures in these rock masses have been done. After calibration of these parameters, the applicability of the various correlation equations found in the literature have been discussed. According to the results presented in this paper, some of these equations are not suitable for the studied rock masses

Evaluation of rock slope stability conditions through discriminant analysis.

A methodology to predict the stability status of mine rock slopes is proposed. Two techniques of multivariate statistics are used: principal component analysis and discriminant analysis. Firstly, principal component analysis was applied in order to change the original qualitative variables into quantitative ones, as well as to reduce data dimensionality. Then, a boosting procedure was used to optimize the resulting function by the application of discriminant analysis in the principal components. In this research two analyses were performed. In the first analysis two conditions of slope stability were considered: stable and unstable. In the second analysis three conditions of slope stability were considered: stable, overall failure and failure in set of benches. A comprehensive geotechnical database consisting of 18 variables measured in 84 pit-walls all over the world was used to validate the methodology. The discriminant function was validated by two different procedures, internal and external validations. Internal validation presented an overall probability of success of 94.73% in the first analysis and 68.42% in the second analysis. In the second analysis the main source of errors was due to failure in set of benches. In external validation, the discriminant function was able to classify all slopes correctly, in analysis with two conditions of slope stability. In the external validation in the analysis with three conditions of slope stability, the discriminant function was able to classify six slopes correctly of a total of nine slopes. The proposed methodology provides a powerful tool for rock slope hazard assessment in open-pit mines

Decreased brain connectivity in smoking contrasts with increased connectivity in drinking.

In a group of 831 participants from the general population in the Human Connectome Project, smokers exhibited low overall functional connectivity, and more specifically of the lateral orbitofrontal cortex which is associated with non-reward mechanisms, the adjacent inferior frontal gyrus, and the precuneus. Participants who drank a high amount had overall increases in resting state functional connectivity, and specific increases in reward-related systems including the medial orbitofrontal cortex and the cingulate cortex. Increased impulsivity was found in smokers, associated with decreased functional connectivity of the non-reward-related lateral orbitofrontal cortex; and increased impulsivity was found in high amount drinkers, associated with increased functional connectivity of the reward-related medial orbitofrontal cortex. The main findings were cross-validated in an independent longitudinal dataset with 1176 participants, IMAGEN. Further, the functional connectivities in 14-year-old non-smokers (and also in female low-drinkers) were related to who would smoke or drink at age 19. An implication is that these differences in brain functional connectivities play a role in smoking and drinking, together with other factors

Understanding Spatiotemporal Boundary Formation: Processes, Models, and Scope

Often, differences in luminance, color, texture, and depth can help us determine object boundaries. However, when two surfaces have similar textures, as in the case of camouflage, or under dim lighting conditions, object segmentation can be difficult. In such cases, motion leading to the gradual accretion and deletion of texture information on a farther surface by a nearer one can be used to define the nearer object's boundary. It has been demonstrated that accretion and deletion is but one of a general class of texture element transformations that can give rise to the perception of illusory contours, global form, and global motion. This general process is called spatiotemporal boundary formation or SBF.In the first chapter, I demonstrate two novel properties of SBF. First, SBF can be seen when element transformations are displacements in random directions. Second, global forms can be seen even when SBF-defined objects are rotating, expanding or contracting, accelerating, or smoothly deforming from frame to frame. I consider a two-stage model of SBF that can account for the perception of illusory contours and global form. In the first stage, oriented edge fragments are extracted locally from the sequential transformation of at least three elements in a small spatiotemporal neighborhood. In the second stage, these fragments are integrated and missing regions are interpolated by the same processes that govern spatiotemporal interpolation between contrast-defined edges. Chapter 2 tests the first stage of this model. I created a display in which small circular elements were arranged in a sawtooth pattern and disappear and reappear one at a time in sequence. The resulting percept was not of apparent motion, but of an illusory bar that occluded elements one at a time. Using both subjective and objective methods, I identified the spatial and temporal parameters under which SBF occurs. The experiments provide support for models of SBF that begin with extraction of local edge fragments and identify minimal conditions required for this process. In the final chapter, I implemented the first stage of the SBF model and used it to predict edge orientations of SBF-defined edges. Model and human performance were compared in an orientation discrimination task as a function of element density, number of element transformation, and frame duration. The ideal observer model was able to perfectly predict edge orientation while human performance was suboptimal. I considered several constraints and sources of noise that could contribute to differences between human and ideal performance. In a second experiment, I measured the sensitivity to spatial and temporal display properties that may have acted as sources of noise. A model that incorporated these constraints and sources of noise was able to model human performance very closely with no additional free parameters. The behavioral and modeling work provide the first empirical evidence in support of the two-stage model of SBF

Predição da condição de estabilidade de taludes de mina por meio de estatística multivariada.

Programa de Pós-Graduação em Engenharia Mineral. Departamento de Engenharia de Minas. Escola de Minas, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto.Na geociências, as técnicas multivariadas encontram amplo campo de aplicação, tais como as técnicas de agrupamentos, analise fatorial, componentes principais, regressão multivariada, análise discriminante, entre outras (Andriotti, 1997). Neste contexto o presente trabalho propõe a aplicação de técnicas multivariadas a um banco de dados geotécnico, com objetivo de predizer as condições de estabilidade de taludes de mina. O objetivo da pesquisa é aplicar técnicas de estatística multivariada a um banco de dados geotécnico com o intuito de discriminar os taludes de mina quanto às suas condições de estabilidade. Foi utilizado o banco de dados geotécnico proposto por Naghadehi et al. (2013), que apresenta 84 taludes coletados em diferentes locais do mundo com 18 variáveis relacionadas a parâmetros geomecânicos e características dos taludes, e uma variável qualitativa relacionada às condições de estabilidade dos taludes. A metodologia propõe primeiramente a aplicação da análise de componentes principais e em seguida a aplicação do procedimento boosting nas componentes principais geradas pela análise de componentes principais, utilizando como classificador base a função discriminante linear de Fisher. O classificador, baseado na análise discriminante, gerado pela metodologia foi validado apresentando probabilidade global de acerto de 94,73% e consequentemente uma taxa de erro aparente de 5,26%, sendo que o erro relacionado aos casos em que taludes instáveis são classificados como estáveis, apresentou valores desprezíveis e o erro relacionado aos casos em que taludes estáveis sejam classificados como instáveis, apresentou uma taxa de 10,0%. No contexto do trabalho as técnicas estatísticas multivariadas forneceram uma ferramenta simples e com grande aplicabilidade para as operações de mineração relacionadas à estabilidade de taludes.In geosciences, multivariate analysis techniques find wide application, such as the cluster analysis, factor analysis, principal component analysis, multivariate regression analysis, discriminant analysis, and others (Andriotti, 1997). In context, this work aims the application of some multivariate techniques to a geotechnical database, in order to predict the mine slope stability conditions. The aim of the research is to apply multivariate statistical techniques to a geotechnical database with the intention of discriminate the mine slope in relation to their conditions of stability. It was used geotechnical database proposed by Naghadehi et al. (2013), which features 84 slopes collected in different places in the world with 18 variables related to geomechanical parameters and characteristics of the slopes, and a qualitative variable related to the conditions of stability of slopes. The methodology proposes the application of principal component analysis and then the application of the procedure boosting in principal components generated by principal component analysis, using as a base classifier the function of Fisher’s linear discriminant analysis. The discriminant function generated by the methodology was validated presenting global probability of success of 94,73% and thus an apparent error rate of 5,26%, and the error related to cases where unstable slopes are classified as stable, showed insignificant values and the error related to cases where stable slopes are classified as unstable, showed a rate of 10,0%. In the work the multivariate statistical techniques have provided a simple and very applicable to the mining operations related to slope stability tool

Реалізація імпліцитності у звертанні (на матеріалі драматургійного тексту)

У статті розглядається звертання як синтаксична одиниця та одиниця тексту, а також – реалізація його імпліцитного компонента. Увага зосереджується на опосередкованому звертанні та особливості його актуалізації у художньому тексті. Досліджуються засоби реалізації опосередкованого звертання. При цитуванні документа, використовуйте посилання http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/27938В статье рассматривается обращение как синтаксическая единица и единица текста, а также реализация его имплицитного компонента. Внимание концентрируется на непрямом обращении и особенностях его актуализации в художественном тексте. Исследуются также средства реализации непрямого обращения. При цитировании документа, используйте ссылку http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/27938The article deals with address as syntactic and text unit and also with realization of its implicit component. Special attention on the indirect address and peculiarities of its actualization is focused. Means of realization of indirect address have been also described. When you are citing the document, use the following link http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/2793

Реалізація імпліцитності у звертанні (на матеріалі драматургійного тексту)

У статті розглядається звертання як синтаксична одиниця та одиниця тексту, а також – реалізація його імпліцитного компонента. Увага зосереджується на опосередкованому звертанні та особливості його актуалізації у художньому тексті. Досліджуються засоби реалізації опосередкованого звертання. При цитуванні документа, використовуйте посилання http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/27938В статье рассматривается обращение как синтаксическая единица и единица текста, а также реализация его имплицитного компонента. Внимание концентрируется на непрямом обращении и особенностях его актуализации в художественном тексте. Исследуются также средства реализации непрямого обращения. При цитировании документа, используйте ссылку http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/27938The article deals with address as syntactic and text unit and also with realization of its implicit component. Special attention on the indirect address and peculiarities of its actualization is focused. Means of realization of indirect address have been also described. When you are citing the document, use the following link http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/2793

Decoding of Conceptual-Axiological Dominant in Fiction (based on English Drama)

Статтю присвячено визначенню особливостей реалізації імпліцитності в художньому тексті. Здійснено спробу проаналізувати аскіологічний вектор тексту та його декодування через реконструкції та трансформацію концептів, які становлять аксіологічну шкалу тексту. The article focuses on singling out some peculiarities of the realization of implicitness in fiction. The attempt is made to analyze text axiological vector and its decoding by means of reconstruction and transformation of concepts which form textual axiological scale