Mentoring, coaching and collaborative dialogue to support professional learning throughout teachers’ career paths; exploring roles, responsibilities, tensions and opportunities.

Internationally, both Initial Teacher Education (ITE) and Continuing Professional Development and Learning (CPDL) are under reform, creating the opportunity to rethink roles and responsibilities of individuals and organisations. Trainee teachers are experiencing extended school placements, with school-based mentors taking on roles including supervision, tutoring, feedback and monitoring. In some jurisdictions there is provision for ongoing mentoring and / or coaching of early career teachers to help them to develop practice and to promote teacher retention. CPDL often foregrounds the role of shared enquiry into, and dialogue about, pedagogic practice. Maximising the potential of coaching, mentoring and collaboration in ITE and CPDL is critical in enabling teachers to contextualise, authenticate and reframe relevant theory, research and policy to inform and shape their practices in complex educational settings. This requires appropriate and well deployed structures, roles, processes and tools. The opportunities and tensions which emerge in developing these practices will be explored, drawing on research, practice and policy evidence from Australia, Wales, Canada, Finland, Japan and England. The discussion following the papers will encourage participants to consider the question; How can we maximise the potential of mentoring, coaching and other forms of collaborative dialogue to support professional learning throughout teachers’ career paths

What Counts as ‘World Class’? : Global University Rankings and Shifts in Institutional Strategies

Global university rankings have emerged as a benchmark of institutional success, setting standards for higher education policymaking and institutional practices. Nevertheless, only a marginal share of higher education institutions (HEI) are in a realistic position to be ranked as a ‘world-class’ institutions. In the European context, the global rankings have been used to highlight a performance gap between European and North American institutions. Here the focus has been on the HEIs in the top-100 positions, causing concerns over European higher education. This has also become a marker of world-class university. We analyze the strategies of 27 Northern European universities in different tiers to learn how they have adjusted to the reality of ranking. We conclude that the references to global rankings have increased between 2014 and 2018. At the same time, the references to rankings have become more implicit in nature. Nevertheless, we find that the discourse of global comparison and excellence has become more common in the strategies. There are also emerging references to the regional role of universities, which are apparent in the strategies of universities that are clearly outside the top-100 ranked institutions. However, this is also a reflection of the discourse of world-class university.Peer reviewe

Parameterizing air-water gas exchange in the shallow, microtidal New River estuary

© The Author(s), 2019. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial‐NoDerivs License. The definitive version was published in Van Dam, B. R., Edson, J. B., & Tobias, C. Parameterizing air-water gas exchange in the shallow, microtidal New River estuary. Journal of Geophysical Research-Biogeosciences, 124(7), (2019): 2351-2363, doi: 10.1029/2018JG004908.Estuarine CO2 emissions are important components of regional and global carbon budgets, but assessments of this flux are plagued by uncertainties associated with gas transfer velocity (k) parameterization. We combined direct eddy covariance measurements of CO2 flux with waterside pCO2 determinations to generate more reliable k parameterizations for use in small estuaries. When all data were aggregated, k was described well by a linear relationship with wind speed (U10), in a manner consistent with prior open ocean and estuarine k parameterizations. However, k was significantly greater at night and under low wind speed, and nighttime k was best predicted by a parabolic, rather than linear, relationship with U10. We explored the effect of waterside thermal convection but found only a weak correlation between convective scale and k. Hence, while convective forcing may be important at times, it appears that factors besides waterside thermal convection were likely responsible for the bulk of the observed nighttime enhancement in k. Regardless of source, we show that these day‐night differences in k should be accounted for when CO2 emissions are assessed over short time scales or when pCO2 is constant and U10 varies. On the other hand, when temporal variability in pCO2 is large, it exerts greater control over CO2 fluxes than does k parameterization. In these cases, the use of a single k value or a simple linear relationship with U10 is often sufficient. This study provides important guidance for k parameterization in shallow or microtidal estuaries, especially when diel processes are considered.We thank SERDP and DCERP for funding and support. Dennis Arbige assisted with EC tower construction, and Susan Cohen provided invaluable logistical support. I also thank Marc Alperin (UNC Chapel Hill) for his thoughtful guidance and encouragement with this project. All data sets for this manuscript are available at FigShare (https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.7276877.v1). Additional funding for this project was provided by DAAD (57429828) from funds of the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF)

Texts as Data I : Document Analysis

Peer reviewe

Fine-mapping of the Rpt5 net blotch resistance gene region in barley

Poster

The microstructure and technological properties of ultra high strength 1100MPa grade strip steel

The article describes the microstructure and the technological properties of a direct quenched ultrahighstrength strip steel with the minimum specific yield strength of 1100MPa. The microstructure of thislow carbon, Mn-Cr-Mo-Cu-Ni alloyed steel consists mainly of auto-tempered lath martensite. Due to thesophisticated thermo-mechanical controlled processing schedule, the martensite transformation takesplace from a fine and uniform austenite grain structure. State-of-the-art steelmaking and continuous castingoperations guarantee a good inclusion cleanness and low level of segregation. The steel has excellent impactand fracture toughness properties with respect to its ultra-high strength level. The determined transitiontemperature for 28J in Charpy-V test and fracture toughness characteristic temperature, T0, were below-100°C. The weldability tests indicated that the impact toughness of the heat affected zone (HAZ) is excellentand there is no significant softening in the HAZ or in the welded joint in the wide range of t8/5 cooling times.The steel allows crack-free bending with a minimum inside bending radius equal to 3 times material thicknessirrespective of the bending direction. In addition, the steel has a good resistance to atmospheric corrosion

Higher protein intake is associated with a lower likelihood of frailty among older women, Kuopio OSTPRE-Fracture Prevention Study.

PurposeNordic nutrition recommendations (2012) suggest protein intake ≥ 1.1 g/kg body weight (BW) to preserve physical function in Nordic older adults. However, no published study has used this cut-off to evaluate the association between protein intake and frailty. This study examined associations between protein intake, and sources of protein intake, with frailty status at the 3-year follow-up.MethodsParticipants were 440 women aged 65─72 years enrolled in the Osteoporosis Risk Factor and Prevention-Fracture Prevention Study. Protein intake g/kg BW and g/d was calculated using a 3-day food record at baseline 2003─4. At the 3-year follow-up (2006─7), frailty phenotype was defined as the presence of three or more, and prefrailty as the presence of one or two, of the Fried criteria: low grip strength adjusted for body mass index, low walking speed, low physical activity, exhaustion was defined using a low life-satisfaction score, and weight loss > 5% of BW. The association between protein intake, animal protein and plant protein, and frailty status was examined by multinomial regression analysis adjusting for demographics, chronic conditions, and total energy intake.ResultsAt the 3-year follow-up, 36 women were frail and 206 women were prefrail. Higher protein intake ≥ 1.1 g/kg BW was associated with a lower likelihood of prefrailty (OR = 0.45 and 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.01-0.73) and frailty (OR = 0.09 and CI = 0.01-0.75) when compared to protein intake ConclusionsProtein intake ≥ 1.1 g/kg BW and higher intake of animal protein may be beneficial to prevent the onset of frailty in older women

Morpho-molecular ex vivo detection and grading of non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer using forward imaging probe based multimodal optical coherence tomography and Raman spectroscopy

Non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer affects millions of people worldwide, resulting in significant discomfort to the patient and potential death. Today, cystoscopy is the gold standard for bladder cancer assessment, using white light endoscopy to detect tumor suspected lesion areas, followed by resection of these areas and subsequent histopathological evaluation. Not only does the pathological examination take days, but due to the invasive nature, the performed biopsy can result in significant harm to the patient. Nowadays, optical modalities, such as optical coherence tomography (OCT) and Raman spectroscopy (RS), have proven to detect cancer in real time and can provide more detailed clinical information of a lesion, e.g. its penetration depth (stage) and the differentiation of the cells (grade). In this paper, we present an ex vivo study performed with a combined piezoelectric tube-based OCT-probe and fiber optic RS-probe imaging system that allows large field-of-view imaging of bladder biopsies, using both modalities and co-registered visualization, detection and grading of cancerous bladder lesions. In the present study, 119 examined biopsies were characterized, showing that fiber-optic based OCT provides a sensitivity of 78% and a specificity of 69% for the detection of non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer, while RS, on the other hand, provides a sensitivity of 81% and a specificity of 61% for the grading of low- and high-grade tissues. Moreover, the study shows that a piezoelectric tube-based OCT probe can have significant endurance, suitable for future long-lasting in vivo applications. These results also indicate that combined OCT and RS fiber probe-based characterization offers an exciting possibility for label-free and morpho-chemical optical biopsies for bladder cancer diagnostics. © 2020 The Royal Society of Chemistry