93 research outputs found

    Intestinal ischemia after cardiac surgery: analysis of a large registry.

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    Intestinal ischemia after cardiac surgery is a rare but severe complication with a high mortality. Early surgery can be lifesaving. The aim was to analyze the incidence, outcome, and risk factors for these patients

    Perceptions of risk and predictive testing held by the first-degree relatives of patients with rheumatoid arthritis in England, Austria and Germany: a qualitative study

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    Objectives: The family members of patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) are at increased risk of developing RA and are potential candidates for predictive testing. This study explored the perceptions of first-degree relatives of people with RA about being at risk of RA and engaging in predictive testing. Methods: 34 first-degree relatives (siblings and offspring) of patients with RA from the UK, Germany and Austria participated in semistructured interviews about their perceptions of RA risk and the prospect of predictive testing. Interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed verbatim and analysed using thematic analysis. Results: First-degree relatives were aware of their susceptibility to RA, but were unsure of the extent of their risk. When considering their future risk, some relatives were concerned about the potential impact that RA would have on their lives. Relatives were concerned that knowing their actual risk would increase their anxiety and would affect decisions about their future. Also, relatives were concerned about the levels of uncertainty associated with predictive testing. Those in favour of knowing their future risk felt that they would need additional support to understand the risk information and cope with the emotional impact of this information. Conclusions: Identifying individuals at risk of RA may allow targeted interventions to reduce the risk and consequence of future disease; however, relatives have concerns about predictive testing and risk information. The development of strategies to quantify and communicate risk needs to take these views into account and incorporate approaches to mitigate concerns and minimise the psychological impact of risk information

    AÎČ40 Oligomers Identified as a Potential Biomarker for the Diagnosis of Alzheimer's Disease

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    Alzheimer's Disease (AD) is the most prevalent form of dementia worldwide, yet the development of therapeutics has been hampered by the absence of suitable biomarkers to diagnose the disease in its early stages prior to the formation of amyloid plaques and the occurrence of irreversible neuronal damage. Since oligomeric AÎČ species have been implicated in the pathophysiology of AD, we reasoned that they may correlate with the onset of disease. As such, we have developed a novel misfolded protein assay for the detection of soluble oligomers composed of AÎČ x-40 and x-42 peptide (hereafter AÎČ40 and AÎČ42) from cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). Preliminary validation of this assay with 36 clinical samples demonstrated the presence of aggregated AÎČ40 in the CSF of AD patients. Together with measurements of total AÎČ42, diagnostic sensitivity and specificity greater than 95% and 90%, respectively, were achieved. Although larger sample populations will be needed to confirm this diagnostic sensitivity, our studies demonstrate a sensitive method of detecting circulating AÎČ40 oligomers from AD CSF and suggest that these oligomers could be a powerful new biomarker for the early detection of AD

    Sense of Coherence and Gambling: Exploring the Relationship Between Sense of Coherence, Gambling Behaviour and Gambling-Related Harm

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    Understanding why some people experience problems with gambling whilst others are able to restrict gambling to recreational levels is still largely unexplained. One potential explanation is through salutogenesis, which is a health promotion approach of understanding factors which move people towards health rather than disease. An important aspect of salutogenesis is sense of coherence. Individuals with stronger sense of coherence perceive their environment as comprehensible, manageable and meaningful. The present study examined the relationship of individuals’ sense of coherence on their gambling behaviour and experience of gambling related harm. This exploratory study utilised an archival dataset (n = 1236) from an online, cross sectional survey of people who had experienced negative consequences from gambling. In general, a stronger sense of coherence was related to lower problem gambling severity. When gambling behaviour was controlled for, sense of coherence was significantly related to the experience of individual gambling harms. A strong sense of coherence can be seen as a protective factor against problematic gambling behaviour, and subsequent gambling related harms. These findings support the value of both primary and tertiary prevention strategies that strengthen sense of coherence as a harm minimisation strategy. The present study demonstrates the potential value of, and provides clear direction for, considering sense of coherence in order to understand gambling-related issues.This study was funded by the Victorian Responsible Gambling Foundation, Grant VRGF1-13

    "I hit the door". Battered womenÂŽs experience of nursing care.

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    MĂ€ns vĂ„ld mot kvinnor i nĂ€ra relationer Ă€r ett samhĂ€llsproblem globalt sett. Kvinnor utsatta för vĂ„ld i nĂ€ra relationer upplever att de har en betydligt sĂ€mre hĂ€lsa Ă€n de kvinnor som inte utsĂ€tts för vĂ„ld och hot. VĂ„ldet utgör ett allvarligt hot mot kvinnans hĂ€lsa och sĂ€kerhet samt ses som en krĂ€nkning av de mĂ€nskliga rĂ€ttigheterna. Även om vĂ„ld mot kvinnor i nĂ€ra relationer blivit mer uppmĂ€rksammat de senaste Ă„ren och 28 000 anmĂ€lningar av vĂ„ld mot en kvinna gjordes Ă„r 2011 Ă€r mörkertalet fortfarande stort. VĂ„rdpersonal kĂ€nner sig osĂ€kra i mötet med en vĂ„ldsutsatt kvinna och upplever sig inte ha tillrĂ€cklig kunskap inom omrĂ„det för att ge adekvat omvĂ„rdnad. Sjuksköterskornas etiska kod sĂ€ger att sjuksköterskan har ett ansvar att arbeta för de mĂ€nskliga rĂ€ttigheterna och utföra Ă„tgĂ€rder som framförallt ser till svaga befolkningsgruppers hĂ€lsa och behov. Syftet med denna studie Ă€r att öka kunskapen om hur kvinnor utsatta för vĂ„ld i nĂ€ra relationer upplever mötet med vĂ„rden. Litteraturstudien genomfördes med sökningar av artiklar i databaserna Cinahl och PubMed. Resultatet visar att kvinnor utsatta för vĂ„ld i nĂ€ra relationer uppskattar att prata om sina erfarenheter om vĂ„rdpersonalen initierar en diskussion. Kvinnorna anser ocksĂ„ att rutinmĂ€ssiga frĂ„gor om vĂ„ld i nĂ€ra relationer skapar möjligheter att uppmĂ€rksamma problemet. Kvinnorna upplever dock svĂ„righeter att delge vĂ„rdpersonalen sin historia eftersom de inte vet hur vĂ„rdpersonalen hanterar informationen eller vad som kan hĂ€nda med dem sjĂ€lva eller barnen om vĂ„ldet avslöjas. DĂ„ vĂ„rdpersonalen Ă€r hjĂ€lpsamma och sympatiska, ger bekrĂ€ftelse, stöd och information till kvinnorna samt visar medkĂ€nsla och ger dem tid upplever kvinnorna ett gott bemötande. En slutsats vi kan dra efter genomförandet av denna litteraturstudie Ă€r att vĂ„rdpersonal mĂ„ste fĂ„ ökad kunskap inom omrĂ„det för att kunna bemöta kvinnorna pĂ„ ett bĂ€ttre sĂ€tt samt kunna vidta adekvata omvĂ„rdnadsĂ„tgĂ€rder. Detta kan i bĂ€sta fall ocksĂ„ leda till att fler fall av vĂ„ld i nĂ€ra relationer uppmĂ€rksammas och mörkertalet minskas

    "I gott bevar" : The musical Kristina frÄn DuvemÄla and Vilhelm Moberg's emigrant epic - an adaptational analysis 

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    Benny Anderssons och Björn Ulvaeus musikal Kristina frĂ„n DuvemĂ„la Ă€r baserad pĂ„ Vilhelm Mobergs utvandrarepos och sĂ„gs mellan Ă„ren 1995–1999 av över en miljon besökare. Denna undersökning har med utgĂ„ngspunkt i de teoretiska termerna adaption, ledmotiv och folkton analyserat dels hur den litterĂ€ra textens teman och handling har adapterats till musikalen i form av sĂ„ngtexterna och dels hur upphovsmĂ€nnen har valt att musikaliskt förmedla Karl Oskars och Kristinas kĂ€rlek samt Kristinas hemlĂ€ngtan. Begreppen ”aural equivalents” och ”musically voiced” har varit ledord i undersökningen, likasĂ„ dramaturgiska teman. Undersökningen Ă€r bĂ„de en adaptionsanalys och en musikalisk analys. Enligt det hermeneutiska tankesĂ€ttet pendlar undersökningen mellan detaljerade analyser av utvalda lĂ„tar och lĂ„ttexter och mer översiktliga analyser av musikalen som helhet i förhĂ„llande till Vilhelm Mobergs utvandrarepos. Det stĂ„r klart att upphovsmĂ€nnen har förvaltat originalverkets berĂ€ttelse vĂ€l, men de har ocksĂ„ gjort en del perspektivförĂ€ndringar dĂ„ mĂ„nga av karaktĂ€rerna har fĂ„tt mindre utrymme Ă€n i böckerna, medan karaktĂ€ren Kristina tar mer plats i musikalen. UpphovsmĂ€nnen har anvĂ€nt sig av ledmotiv och folkton som ”aural equivalents” för att bĂ„de skildra kĂ€rleken mellan Kristina och Karl Oskar och Kristinas hemlĂ€ngtan. Ledmotivens symbolik Ă€r tematisk, snarare Ă€n kopplad till enskilda karaktĂ€rer, vilket i sin tur har resulterat i en komplex ”vĂ€v av ledmotiv”. Folkton och direkta inlĂ„n frĂ„n traditionell folkmusik har anvĂ€nts för att gestalta Kristinas hemlĂ€ngtan och för att placera berĂ€ttelsen i tid och rum. Till sist reflekteras det över det faktum att Ă€ven utvandrareposet Ă€r en adaption av den svenska utvandringen till Amerika under 1800-talet. Denna undersökning hoppas kunna bidra till forskningen kring hur ett originalverk pĂ„verkas av att adapteras till musikteaterns förutsĂ€ttningar och konventioner och pĂ„ vilka sĂ€tt en musikalkompositör musikaliskt kan gestalta de dramaturgiska teman som en musikal bestĂ„r av

    Disordered eating among Swedish adolescents : associations with emotion dysregulation, depression and self-esteem

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    The path to an eating disorder (ED) always leads through a borderland, which, in this thesis, is referred to as disordered eating (DE) (Neumark-Sztainer, Wall, Eisenberg,Story, & Hannan, 2006; Waaddegaard, Thoning, & Petersson, 2003). In this borderland, people tend to make unhealthy eating choices, such as greatly reducing their food intake, self-inducing vomiting, or engaging in binge eating, but not to the extent that they would receive an ED diagnosis. Nevertheless, DE can have a strong negative effect on psychological health. Approximately 15%–52% of all adolescents, depending on the gender and the study’s focus, are found within the borderland between a healthy diet accompanied by psychological well-being and full-blown ED (e.g. Hautala et al., 2011; Herpertz-Dahlmann et al., 2008). While most of these individuals return to a more or less healthy diet after engaging in DE for some time, others continue to engage in DE and also tend to have trouble regulating their emotions, depression, and low self-esteem. For these reasons, DE itself, apart from being a springboard to EDs, is well worth exploring.At the outset of this thesis, an instrument assessing DE among 1265 adolescents (54.5% girls) was validated. This easily administered questionnaire, referred to by the acronym SCOFF (Morgan, Reid, & Lacey, 1999), comprises five questions assessing possible eating disturbances that are all answered using a “yes”/“no” answer format. The results showed that more girls than boys suffered from DE, and that girls also suffered from more severe DE, which is in line with previous research (e.g. Hautala et al., 2008). Additionally, this assessment of the SCOFF gave rise to the question of whether a positive answer on only certain items (instead of the stipulated cut-off of two) is necessary for indicating the possible presence of DE among adolescents, such as the item assessing whether individuals had ever vomited because they felt uncomfortably full.To further explore DE among adolescents, a person-oriented approach to identify specific patterns of DE based on the subscales of the Eating Disorders Examination Questionnaire (EDE-Q) (restraint, eating, weight, and shape concerns) was used. There were six different DE patterns for both boys and girls. The associations of these patterns with emotion dysregulation, depressive symptoms, and self-esteem, which all are related to DE (e.g. Shea & Pritchard, 2007; Svaldi, Griepenstroh, Tuschen- Caffier, & Ehring, 2012), were also assessed. Four of the six girl clusters and five of the six boy clusters showed scores above the cut-off for a clinical ED on at least one of the four indicators. Furthermore, although the “non-problematic” pattern was substantial, including 50% and 76% of girls and boys, respectively, a large portion of adolescents were part of clusters reporting generally high levels of DE. This might partly have to do with my use of an overly permissive cut-off, but nevertheless indicates that a considerable amount of adolescents suffer from DE. Generally, individuals in the DE patterns showed worse emotion regulation, depressive thoughts, and self- esteem than did those in the “non-problematic” patterns. However, some exceptions were found, which emphasizes the utility of analyzing different patterns of DE, not merely severity. Specifically, both girls and boys belonging to the pattern characterized by scores well above the cut-off on shape and weight concerns reported the lowest levels of self-esteem. Moreover, girls and boys in the pattern with scores above the cut-off on restraint showed good emotion regulation skills, few depressive symptoms, and high self-esteem.In Study III, the possible links between adolescents’ and parents’ possible DE and emotion dysregulation were explored, alongside the possible impact of shared family meals on DE. This study further examined whether it is possible to predict DE among adolescents according to their parents’ behaviors. Both DE and emotion dysregulation were found to be more frequent among adolescents than among parents. Furthermore, both adolescents and parents showed weak but significant associations between DE and emotion dysregulation, and showed similarities regarding specific aspects of emotion regulation, although the associations were gender specific. For example, parental emotional strategies were associated with girls’ emotional strategies, impulse control, and emotional goals, but only with boys’ emotional strategies. The only factor that was (weakly) associated with DE and emotion regulation among adolescents was the number of dinners that they shared with the family. Additionally, parental ED was the only predictor of current adolescent DE.In summary, the results of this thesis showed that many adolescents, especially girls, suffer from DE as well as poor emotional regulation, depressive thoughts, and low self-esteem. This is a problem, especially given that existing instruments for evaluating DE do not seem optimal, especially for boys. For instance, answering “yes” to the question of ever having engaged in self-induced vomiting because you have felt too full is probably best followed by a visit to the school nurse. Furthermore, the results indicated the importance of viewing DE not as a singular problem, but as a collection of different problems, even among individuals of the same gender. These differences call for different strategies aimed at helping adolescents achieve a healthier diet. Finally, while the parental influence of DE was significant, more research is required,preferably in a Swedish or Nordic context, where parental responsibility is not as heavily reliant on the mother as in other countries

    "I gott bevar" : The musical Kristina frÄn DuvemÄla and Vilhelm Moberg's emigrant epic - an adaptational analysis 

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    Benny Anderssons och Björn Ulvaeus musikal Kristina frĂ„n DuvemĂ„la Ă€r baserad pĂ„ Vilhelm Mobergs utvandrarepos och sĂ„gs mellan Ă„ren 1995–1999 av över en miljon besökare. Denna undersökning har med utgĂ„ngspunkt i de teoretiska termerna adaption, ledmotiv och folkton analyserat dels hur den litterĂ€ra textens teman och handling har adapterats till musikalen i form av sĂ„ngtexterna och dels hur upphovsmĂ€nnen har valt att musikaliskt förmedla Karl Oskars och Kristinas kĂ€rlek samt Kristinas hemlĂ€ngtan. Begreppen ”aural equivalents” och ”musically voiced” har varit ledord i undersökningen, likasĂ„ dramaturgiska teman. Undersökningen Ă€r bĂ„de en adaptionsanalys och en musikalisk analys. Enligt det hermeneutiska tankesĂ€ttet pendlar undersökningen mellan detaljerade analyser av utvalda lĂ„tar och lĂ„ttexter och mer översiktliga analyser av musikalen som helhet i förhĂ„llande till Vilhelm Mobergs utvandrarepos. Det stĂ„r klart att upphovsmĂ€nnen har förvaltat originalverkets berĂ€ttelse vĂ€l, men de har ocksĂ„ gjort en del perspektivförĂ€ndringar dĂ„ mĂ„nga av karaktĂ€rerna har fĂ„tt mindre utrymme Ă€n i böckerna, medan karaktĂ€ren Kristina tar mer plats i musikalen. UpphovsmĂ€nnen har anvĂ€nt sig av ledmotiv och folkton som ”aural equivalents” för att bĂ„de skildra kĂ€rleken mellan Kristina och Karl Oskar och Kristinas hemlĂ€ngtan. Ledmotivens symbolik Ă€r tematisk, snarare Ă€n kopplad till enskilda karaktĂ€rer, vilket i sin tur har resulterat i en komplex ”vĂ€v av ledmotiv”. Folkton och direkta inlĂ„n frĂ„n traditionell folkmusik har anvĂ€nts för att gestalta Kristinas hemlĂ€ngtan och för att placera berĂ€ttelsen i tid och rum. Till sist reflekteras det över det faktum att Ă€ven utvandrareposet Ă€r en adaption av den svenska utvandringen till Amerika under 1800-talet. Denna undersökning hoppas kunna bidra till forskningen kring hur ett originalverk pĂ„verkas av att adapteras till musikteaterns förutsĂ€ttningar och konventioner och pĂ„ vilka sĂ€tt en musikalkompositör musikaliskt kan gestalta de dramaturgiska teman som en musikal bestĂ„r av

    Sociala faktorers betydelse för de boendes hÀlsa pÄ ett trygghetsboende : En intervjustudie

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    SamhÀllet i Sverige och Europa stÄr inför en stor utmaning nÀr det gÀller den Äldrande befolkningen, medellivslÀngden ökar och allt fler blir allt Àldre och friskare. För att möta upp dessa utmaningar Àr det av stor vikt att skapa ett synsÀtt dÀr man ser att mÄlgruppen Àldre Àr en investering och att det Àr viktigt att skapa förutsÀttningar för ett gott Äldrande. Detta arbete kan göras med hÀlsofrÀmjande arenor och förebyggande insatser i samhÀllet. En sÄdan plats i samhÀllet kan vara ett trygghetsboende som bÄde kan inbringa en trygghet och stimulera till socialt deltagande med andra. Syftet med studien var att undersöka sociala faktorers betydelse för Àldres hÀlsa pÄ ett trygghetsboende. Studien har genomförts utifrÄn en kvalitativ ansats dÀr intervjuer genomfördes pÄ ett trygghetsboende med teman som sociala relationer och delaktighet, trygghet, ensamhet, boende, oro och Ängest samt fysisk aktivitet. Materialet analyserades sedan med en manifest innehÄllsanalys. Resultatet visade att tryggheten till trygghetslarm samt personal pÄ boendet var de viktigaste faktorerna för respondenterna. Resultatet visade Àven att de sociala relationerna mellan de boende pÄ trygghetsboendet inte var sÄ goda samt att de har blivit mindre fysiskt aktiva sedan de flyttade till trygghetsboendet
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