Disidratazione nei vigili del fuoco militari dopo l'addestramento antincendio

A profissão do Bombeiro Militar exige bom preparo fí­sico em virtude das atividades de alta intensidade durante as ocorrências, aliado aos fatores ambientais que influenciam no desempenho fí­sico, como a desidratação após o combate a um incêndio, a hidratação adequada é importante para a recuperação de lí­quidos perdidos. Para tal foi avaliar o ní­vel de desidratação após um treinamento de combate a incêndio em Bombeiros Militares de Santa Catarina. Participaram 8 bombeiros de ambos os sexos, na faixa etária de 18 a 59 anos, foram coletadas variáveis antropométricas de peso corporal em quilogramas (kg) antes e após o treinamento chamado de "Comportamento extremo de fogo, ações para o combate", realizado em um container que chegou a uma temperatura de aproximadamente 700°C, os bombeiros ficavam 10 minutos em posição agachados segurando a mangueira para realizar a equalização térmica. Todos equipados com equipamentos de proteção individual. Para verificar ní­vel de desidratação foi aplicado o protocolo de desidratação proposta por ACMS, os dados analisados no excel 2010 e aplicada a estatí­stica descritiva. O resultado mostrou sinais e sintomas de pré-desidratação, média de perda hí­drica de 0,61% e taxa de sudorese de 45 ml/min e 100% dos bombeiros não ingeriram água antes do treinamento, 75% relataram sensação de "boca seca" e sede após. Conclui-se que se em 10 minutos de exposição ao calor, nestas condições houve perda hí­drica de 45ml/min, em 1 hora atingiria aproximadamente 2,7L/h. valor de desidratação. Por isso é imprescindí­vel a garantia de uma hidratação adequada antes e após atividades dos bombeiros.The Military Firefighter's profession requires good physical training due to high-intensity activities during occurrences, along with environmental factors that influence physical performance, such as dehydration after fighting a fire, adequate hydration is important for recovery of liquids lost. In order to do so, it was necessary to evaluate the level of dehydration after a firefighting training in Fire Brigade of Santa Catarina. Eight firefighters of both sexes, aged between 18 and 59 years, participated in anthropometric variables of body weight in kilograms (kg) before and after the training called "Extreme behavior of fire, actions for combat", held in a container that reached a temperature of approximately 700° C, the firefighters remained in position for 10 minutes crouched holding the hose to perform the thermal equalization. All equipped with personal protective equipment. To verify dehydration level, the dehydration protocol proposed by ACMS was applied, the data analyzed in excel 2010 and applied to descriptive statistics. The result showed signs and symptoms of pre-dehydration, mean water loss of 0.61% and rate of sweating of 45 ml / min and 100% of firefighters did not ingest water before training, 75% reported "dry mouth" sensation and thirst after. It is concluded that if in 10 minutes of exposure to heat, under these conditions there was a water loss of 45ml / min, in 1 hour it would reach approximately 2.7L / h. dehydration value. Therefore it is essential to ensure adequate hydration before and after firefighter activities.La profesión del Bombero Militar requiere de una buena preparación física debido a las actividades de alta intensidad durante las ocurrencias, aunado a los factores ambientales que influyen en el desempeño físico, como la deshidratación luego de combatir un incendio, la hidratación adecuada es importante para la recuperación de los líquidos perdidos. Para ello, se evaluó el nivel de deshidratación después de un entrenamiento de extinción de incendios en Bomberos Militares de Santa Catarina. Participaron 8 bomberos de ambos sexos, con edades entre 18 y 59 años, se recogieron variables antropométricas de peso corporal en kilogramos (kg) antes y después del entrenamiento denominado “Comportamiento Extremo del Fuego, Acciones para el Combate”, realizado en un contenedor que alcanzó una temperatura de aproximadamente 700°C, los bomberos permanecieron 10 minutos en cuclillas sujetando la manguera para realizar la compensación térmica. Todos equipados con equipo de protección personal. Para verificar el nivel de deshidratación se aplicó el protocolo de deshidratación propuesto por ACMS, los datos analizados en excel 2010 y se aplicó estadística descriptiva. El resultado mostró signos y síntomas de deshidratación previa, pérdida de agua promedio de 0,61% y tasa de sudoración de 45 ml/min y el 100% de los bomberos no ingirió agua antes del entrenamiento, el 75% refirió sensación de "boca seca" y sed después. Se concluye que si en 10 minutos de exposición al calor, en estas condiciones hubiera una pérdida de agua de 45ml/min, en 1 hora se llegaría a aproximadamente 2,7L/h. valor de deshidratación. Por eso es fundamental asegurar una adecuada hidratación antes y después de las actividades de bombero.A profissão do Bombeiro Militar exige bom preparo fí­sico em virtude das atividades de alta intensidade durante as ocorrências, aliado aos fatores ambientais que influenciam no desempenho fí­sico, como a desidratação após o combate a um incêndio, a hidratação adequada é importante para a recuperação de lí­quidos perdidos. Para tal foi avaliar o ní­vel de desidratação após um treinamento de combate a incêndio em Bombeiros Militares de Santa Catarina. Participaram 8 bombeiros de ambos os sexos, na faixa etária de 18 a 59 anos, foram coletadas variáveis antropométricas de peso corporal em quilogramas (kg) antes e após o treinamento chamado de "Comportamento extremo de fogo, ações para o combate", realizado em um container que chegou a uma temperatura de aproximadamente 700°C, os bombeiros ficavam 10 minutos em posição agachados segurando a mangueira para realizar a equalização térmica. Todos equipados com equipamentos de proteção individual. Para verificar ní­vel de desidratação foi aplicado o protocolo de desidratação proposta por ACMS, os dados analisados no excel 2010 e aplicada a estatí­stica descritiva. O resultado mostrou sinais e sintomas de pré-desidratação, média de perda hí­drica de 0,61% e taxa de sudorese de 45 ml/min e 100% dos bombeiros não ingeriram água antes do treinamento, 75% relataram sensação de "boca seca" e sede após. Conclui-se que se em 10 minutos de exposição ao calor, nestas condições houve perda hí­drica de 45ml/min, em 1 hora atingiria aproximadamente 2,7L/h. valor de desidratação. Por isso é imprescindí­vel a garantia de uma hidratação adequada antes e após atividades dos bombeiros.La professione del Vigile del Fuoco Militare richiede una buona preparazione fisica per via delle attività ad alta intensità durante gli eventi, unita ai fattori ambientali che influenzano le prestazioni fisiche, come la disidratazione dopo l'estinzione di un incendio, un'adeguata idratazione è importante per il recupero dei liquidi perduti. A tal fine è stato valutato il livello di disidratazione dopo un addestramento antincendio nei Vigili del Fuoco Militari di Santa Catarina. I partecipanti erano 8 vigili del fuoco di ambo i sessi, di età compresa tra i 18 e i 59 anni, le variabili antropometriche del peso corporeo in chilogrammi (kg) sono state raccolte prima e dopo l'allenamento denominato "Extreme Fire Behaviour, Actions for Combat", tenuto in un container che ha raggiunto un temperatura di circa 700°C, i vigili del fuoco sono rimasti 10 minuti in posizione accovacciata tenendo la manichetta per eseguire l'equalizzazione termica. Tutti dotati di dispositivi di protezione individuale. Per verificare il livello di disidratazione è stato applicato il protocollo di disidratazione proposto da ACMS, sono stati applicati i dati analizzati in excel 2010 e sono state applicate le statistiche descrittive. Il risultato ha mostrato segni e sintomi di pre-disidratazione, perdita media di acqua dello 0,61% e tasso di sudorazione di 45 ml/min e il 100% dei vigili del fuoco non ha ingerito acqua prima dell'allenamento, il 75% ha riferito sensazione di "secchezza delle fauci" e sete dopo. Si conclude che se in 10 minuti di esposizione al calore, in queste condizioni si verificasse una perdita d'acqua di 45 ml/min, in 1 ora si raggiungerebbe circa 2,7 l/h. valore di disidratazione. Ecco perché è fondamentale garantire un'adeguata idratazione prima e dopo le attività dei vigili del fuoco

Consumo de alimento vermelhos com propriedades antioxidantes e a presença de lesões em atletas praticantes de ginástica rítmica de uma instituição de Joinville-SC

Introdução: O consumo de alimentos com propriedades antioxidantes é essencial para atletas na prática intensa de atividade física, pois o consumo de oxigênio aumenta e pode acarretar elevação da produção de radicais livres pode levar estresse oxidativo, acarretando fadiga, lesão muscular e baixo desempenho. Nos alimentos vermelhos os antioxidantes mais encontrados são licopeno e antocianinas, responsáveis pela coloração dos alimentos.  Objetivo: O presente estudo verificou a frequência do consumo de alimentos vermelhos com propriedades antioxidantes e presença de lesões nos atletas de ginástica rítmica, além de averiguar e classificar o estado nutricional. Materiais e metodos: Estudo de caráter transversal aprovado pelo comitê de ética nº 3.424.317, com participação de 8 atletas com idade de 7 a 12 anos, foi aplicado um questionário de frequência alimentar (QFA), para avaliar o consumo além da coleta de dados antropométricos para avaliar o IMC, o qual foi realizado individualmente em forma de entrevista. Dados tabulados em planilhas eletrônicas Excel® Office 365 utilizando estatística descritiva média e percentual. Resultados:  100% (n=8) das atletas encontravam-se em eutrofia e 50% (n=4) já sofreram algum tipo de lesão durante os treinos, o menor consumo dos alimentos pesquisados, foi entre as atletas que relataram já terem sofrido lesões. Discussão: As atletas que apresentaram maior consumo de alimentos antioxidantes foram as que relataram não ter sofrido algum tipo de lesão durante os treinos, podendo ser este fato considerado um dos possíveis fatores para proteção antioxidantes e são necessários na dieta dos atletas a fim de garantir a saúde e prevenir possíveis lesões

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear un derstanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5–7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8–11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world’s most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepre sented in biodiversity databases.13–15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may elim inate pieces of the Amazon’s biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological com munities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple or ganism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region’s vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most ne glected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lostinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Geography and ecology shape the phylogenetic composition of Amazonian tree communities

Aim: Amazonia hosts more tree species from numerous evolutionary lineages, both young and ancient, than any other biogeographic region. Previous studies have shown that tree lineages colonized multiple edaphic environments and dispersed widely across Amazonia, leading to a hypothesis, which we test, that lineages should not be strongly associated with either geographic regions or edaphic forest types. Location: Amazonia. Taxon: Angiosperms (Magnoliids; Monocots; Eudicots). Methods: Data for the abundance of 5082 tree species in 1989 plots were combined with a mega-phylogeny. We applied evolutionary ordination to assess how phylogenetic composition varies across Amazonia. We used variation partitioning and Moran\u27s eigenvector maps (MEM) to test and quantify the separate and joint contributions of spatial and environmental variables to explain the phylogenetic composition of plots. We tested the indicator value of lineages for geographic regions and edaphic forest types and mapped associations onto the phylogeny. Results: In the terra firme and várzea forest types, the phylogenetic composition varies by geographic region, but the igapó and white-sand forest types retain a unique evolutionary signature regardless of region. Overall, we find that soil chemistry, climate and topography explain 24% of the variation in phylogenetic composition, with 79% of that variation being spatially structured (R$^{2}$ = 19% overall for combined spatial/environmental effects). The phylogenetic composition also shows substantial spatial patterns not related to the environmental variables we quantified (R$^{2}$ = 28%). A greater number of lineages were significant indicators of geographic regions than forest types. Main Conclusion: Numerous tree lineages, including some ancient ones (>66 Ma), show strong associations with geographic regions and edaphic forest types of Amazonia. This shows that specialization in specific edaphic environments has played a long-standing role in the evolutionary assembly of Amazonian forests. Furthermore, many lineages, even those that have dispersed across Amazonia, dominate within a specific region, likely because of phylogenetically conserved niches for environmental conditions that are prevalent within regions

Geographic patterns of tree dispersal modes in Amazonia and their ecological correlates

Aim: To investigate the geographic patterns and ecological correlates in the geographic distribution of the most common tree dispersal modes in Amazonia (endozoochory, synzoochory, anemochory and hydrochory). We examined if the proportional abundance of these dispersal modes could be explained by the availability of dispersal agents (disperser-availability hypothesis) and/or the availability of resources for constructing zoochorous fruits (resource-availability hypothesis). Time period: Tree-inventory plots established between 1934 and 2019. Major taxa studied: Trees with a diameter at breast height (DBH) ≥ 9.55 cm. Location: Amazonia, here defined as the lowland rain forests of the Amazon River basin and the Guiana Shield. Methods: We assigned dispersal modes to a total of 5433 species and morphospecies within 1877 tree-inventory plots across terra-firme, seasonally flooded, and permanently flooded forests. We investigated geographic patterns in the proportional abundance of dispersal modes. We performed an abundance-weighted mean pairwise distance (MPD) test and fit generalized linear models (GLMs) to explain the geographic distribution of dispersal modes. Results: Anemochory was significantly, positively associated with mean annual wind speed, and hydrochory was significantly higher in flooded forests. Dispersal modes did not consistently show significant associations with the availability of resources for constructing zoochorous fruits. A lower dissimilarity in dispersal modes, resulting from a higher dominance of endozoochory, occurred in terra-firme forests (excluding podzols) compared to flooded forests. Main conclusions: The disperser-availability hypothesis was well supported for abiotic dispersal modes (anemochory and hydrochory). The availability of resources for constructing zoochorous fruits seems an unlikely explanation for the distribution of dispersal modes in Amazonia. The association between frugivores and the proportional abundance of zoochory requires further research, as tree recruitment not only depends on dispersal vectors but also on conditions that favour or limit seedling recruitment across forest types

Geography and ecology shape the phylogenetic composition of Amazonian tree communities

AimAmazonia hosts more tree species from numerous evolutionary lineages, both young and ancient, than any other biogeographic region. Previous studies have shown that tree lineages colonized multiple edaphic environments and dispersed widely across Amazonia, leading to a hypothesis, which we test, that lineages should not be strongly associated with either geographic regions or edaphic forest types.LocationAmazonia.TaxonAngiosperms (Magnoliids; Monocots; Eudicots).MethodsData for the abundance of 5082 tree species in 1989 plots were combined with a mega-phylogeny. We applied evolutionary ordination to assess how phylogenetic composition varies across Amazonia. We used variation partitioning and Moran's eigenvector maps (MEM) to test and quantify the separate and joint contributions of spatial and environmental variables to explain the phylogenetic composition of plots. We tested the indicator value of lineages for geographic regions and edaphic forest types and mapped associations onto the phylogeny.ResultsIn the terra firme and várzea forest types, the phylogenetic composition varies by geographic region, but the igapó and white-sand forest types retain a unique evolutionary signature regardless of region. Overall, we find that soil chemistry, climate and topography explain 24% of the variation in phylogenetic composition, with 79% of that variation being spatially structured (R2 = 19% overall for combined spatial/environmental effects). The phylogenetic composition also shows substantial spatial patterns not related to the environmental variables we quantified (R2 = 28%). A greater number of lineages were significant indicators of geographic regions than forest types.Main ConclusionNumerous tree lineages, including some ancient ones (>66 Ma), show strong associations with geographic regions and edaphic forest types of Amazonia. This shows that specialization in specific edaphic environments has played a long-standing role in the evolutionary assembly of Amazonian forests. Furthermore, many lineages, even those that have dispersed across Amazonia, dominate within a specific region, likely because of phylogenetically conserved niches for environmental conditions that are prevalent within regions

Mapping density, diversity and species-richness of the Amazon tree flora

Using 2.046 botanically-inventoried tree plots across the largest tropical forest on Earth, we mapped tree species-diversity and tree species-richness at 0.1-degree resolution, and investigated drivers for diversity and richness. Using only location, stratified by forest type, as predictor, our spatial model, to the best of our knowledge, provides the most accurate map of tree diversity in Amazonia to date, explaining approximately 70% of the tree diversity and species-richness. Large soil-forest combinations determine a significant percentage of the variation in tree species-richness and tree alpha-diversity in Amazonian forest-plots. We suggest that the size and fragmentation of these systems drive their large-scale diversity patterns and hence local diversity. A model not using location but cumulative water deficit, tree density, and temperature seasonality explains 47% of the tree species-richness in the terra-firme forest in Amazonia. Over large areas across Amazonia, residuals of this relationship are small and poorly spatially structured, suggesting that much of the residual variation may be local. The Guyana Shield area has consistently negative residuals, showing that this area has lower tree species-richness than expected by our models. We provide extensive plot meta-data, including tree density, tree alpha-diversity and tree species-richness results and gridded maps at 0.1-degree resolution

Consistent patterns of common species across tropical tree communities

Trees structure the Earth’s most biodiverse ecosystem, tropical forests. The vast number of tree species presents a formidable challenge to understanding these forests, including their response to environmental change, as very little is known about most tropical tree species. A focus on the common species may circumvent this challenge. Here we investigate abundance patterns of common tree species using inventory data on 1,003,805 trees with trunk diameters of at least 10 cm across 1,568 locations1,2,3,4,5,6 in closed-canopy, structurally intact old-growth tropical forests in Africa, Amazonia and Southeast Asia. We estimate that 2.2%, 2.2% and 2.3% of species comprise 50% of the tropical trees in these regions, respectively. Extrapolating across all closed-canopy tropical forests, we estimate that just 1,053 species comprise half of Earth’s 800 billion tropical trees with trunk diameters of at least 10 cm. Despite differing biogeographic, climatic and anthropogenic histories7, we find notably consistent patterns of common species and species abundance distributions across the continents. This suggests that fundamental mechanisms of tree community assembly may apply to all tropical forests. Resampling analyses show that the most common species are likely to belong to a manageable list of known species, enabling targeted efforts to understand their ecology. Although they do not detract from the importance of rare species, our results open new opportunities to understand the world’s most diverse forests, including modelling their response to environmental change, by focusing on the common species that constitute the majority of their trees.Publisher PDFPeer reviewe