Wind turbine pitch reinforcement learning control improved by PID regulator and learning observer

Wind turbine (WT) pitch control is a challenging issue due to the non-linearities of the wind device and its complex dynamics, the coupling of the variables and the uncertainty of the environment. Reinforcement learning (RL) based control arises as a promising technique to address these problems. However, its applicability is still limited due to the slowness of the learning process. To help alleviate this drawback, in this work we present a hybrid RL-based control that combines a RL-based controller with a proportional–integral–derivative (PID) regulator, and a learning observer. The PID is beneficial during the first training episodes as the RL based control does not have any experience to learn from. The learning observer oversees the learning process by adjusting the exploration rate and the exploration window in order to reduce the oscillations during the training and improve convergence. Simulation experiments on a small real WT show how the learning significantly improves with this control architecture, speeding up the learning convergence up to 37%, and increasing the efficiency of the intelligent control strategy. The best hybrid controller reduces the error of the output power by around 41% regarding a PID regulator. Moreover, the proposed intelligent hybrid control configuration has proved more efficient than a fuzzy controller and a neuro-control strategy

A Columnar Liquid Crystal with Permanent Polar Order

The self-assembly of axial dipolar subphthalocyanine molecules in the presence of electric fields leads to uniaxially oriented columnar liquid crystalline materials that exhibit permanent polarizationFunding from MINECO (MAT2012-38538-CO3-01, 02 and CTQ2012- 31914), MICINN and MEC (F.P.U. fellowship (JG), CTQ-2011- 24187/BQU, CTQ2011-23659 and Consolider-Ingenio Nanociencia Molecular, CDS2007-00010), Comunidad de Madrid (MADRISOLAR-2, S2009/PPQ/1533), European Research Council (StG-279548), Aragon government, E04, Basque Country Government GI/IT-449-10, Generalitat Valenciana (PROMETEO/ 2012/053), and FEDER is acknowledge

Deployment and evaluation of an Industry 4.0 use case over 5G

The arrival of 5G paves the way for the deployment of the so-called Industry 4.0, which is a new paradigm devoted to the digital transformation of manufacturing and factory production. Because of the resources required to perform this transformation, the importance of field trials and experimentation cannot be overstated, both to support the design of novel methodologies and to validate these designs. In this article, we leverage the 5G EVE end-to-end open platform to design and validate a novel operation approach for automated guided vehicles (AGVs). This use case consists of the placement of the intelligence that controls the AGV in a remote entity. This movement could improve and simplify the operation of industrial processes. The customizability of the 5G validation platform proves fundamental to evaluate the solution under different deployment architectures and to assess its performance under hazardous radio conditions. Our results demonstrate the ability of 5G to handle latency-constrained use cases with superior performance compared to the current state-of-the-art mobile technology.This work was partly funded by the European Commission under the European Union's Horizon 2020 program, grant agreement number 815074 (5G EVE project). The article solely reflects the views of the authors. The Commission is not responsible for the contents of this article or any use made thereof. The authors would like to thank Ignacio Berberana and Neftali Gonzalez from the 5TONIC Laboratory for their support in setting up the Spanish site

Re-evaluation of Zospeum schaufussi von Frauenfeld, 1862 and Z. suarezi Gittenberger, 1980, including the description of two new Iberian species using Computer Tomography (CT) (Eupulmonata, Ellobioidea, Carychiidae)

The present study aims to clarify the confused taxonomy of Z. schaufussi von Frauenfeld, 1862 and Zospeum suarezi Gittenberger, 1980. Revision of Iberian Zospeum micro snails is severely hindered by uncertainties regarding the identity of the oldest Iberian Zospeum species, Z. schaufussi von Frauenfeld, 1862. In this paper, we clarify its taxonomic status by designating a lectotype from the original syntype series and by describing its internal and external shell morphology. Using SEM-EDX, we attempt to identify the area of the type locality cave more precisely than "a cave in Spain". The shell described and illustrated by Gittenberger (1980) as Z. schaufussi appears not to be conspecific with the lectotype shell, and is considered a separate species, Z. gittenbergeri Jochum, Prieto & De Winter, sp. n. Zospeum suarezi was described from various caves in NW Spain. Study of the type material reveals that these shells are not homogenous in shell morphology. The holotype shell of Z. suarezi is imaged here for the first time. The paratype shell, illustrated by Gittenberger (1980) from a distant, second cave, is described as Zospeum praetermissum Jochum, Prieto & De Winter, sp. n. The shell selected here as lectotype of Z. schaufussi, was also considered a paratype of Z. suarezi by Gittenberger (1980). Since this specimen is morphologically very similar to topotypic shells of Z. suarezi, the latter species is considered a junior synonym of Z. schaufussi (syn. n.). The internal shell morphology of all these taxa is described and illustrated using X-ray Micro Computer Tomography (Micro-CT).Special gratitude goes to Anita Eschner (NHMW) for helping AJ access the von Frauenfeld collection and for providing valuable insights and primary literature. We are grateful to Markus Heneka and Andreas Heneka (RJL Micro & Analytic GmbH, Karlsdorf-Neuthard) for their help and technical prowess with the CT and SEM-EDX scans. We thank Katharina Jaksch-Mason (NHMW) for LM imaging the Z. schaufussi syntype material. We also gratefully acknowledge Emmanuel Tardy's (MHNG) image contributions and notes of the Gittenberger (1980) material formerly housed in the MHNG collection. Appreciation also goes to Gerald Favre for sharing his excellent forty-year-old speleological field notes with us. We acknowledge Thomas Neubauer and Michael Duda for their kind help in transporting the lectotype back and forth from Vienna. We thank the editor, Thierry Backeljau, the ZooKeys editorial team and our reviewers, Benjamin Gomez, Edmund Gittenberger and Barna Pall-Gergely for their helpful suggestions towards improving the manuscript. Lastly, we are indebted to SYNTHESYS for providing generous support in the form of three grants to AJ from the SYNTHESYS Project http://www.synthesys.info/, which is financed by the European Community Research Infrastructure Action under the FP7 "Capacities" Program

Medición de parámetros fisicos, biológicos y químicos en el tramo estuarino del río Ebro

En este artículo se describen las campañas de campo CYTMAR I y II realizadas en la primavera y el verano de 1997, con el fin de estudiar los procesos y los flujos físicos, biológicos y químicos en la zona del Delta del Ebro, tanto en el tramo estuarino del río como en la pluma de agua dulce que se forma en las cercanías de la desembocadura. Aquí el estudio se ha centrado en la zona estuarina, presentando algunos resultados preliminares y analizando las diferencias estacionales observadas

Non-unitary Leptonic Mixing and Leptogenesis

We investigate the relation between non-unitarity of the leptonic mixing matrix and leptogenesis. We discuss how all parameters of the canonical type-I seesaw mechanism can, in principle, be reconstructed from the neutrino mass matrix and the deviation of the effective low-energy leptonic mixing matrix from unitary. When the mass M' of the lightest right-handed neutrino is much lighter than the masses of the others, we show that its decay asymmetries within flavour-dependent leptogenesis can be expressed in terms of two contributions, one depending on the unique dimension five (d=5) operator generating neutrino masses and one depending on the dimension six (d=6) operator associated with non-unitarity. In low-energy seesaw scenarios where small lepton number violation explains the smallness of neutrino masses, the lepton number conserving d=6 operator contribution generically dominates over the d=5 operator contribution which results in a strong enhancement of the flavour-dependent decay asymmetries without any resonance effects. To calculate the produced final baryon asymmetry, the flavour equilibration effects directly related to non-unitarity have to be taken into account. In a simple realization of this non-unitarity driven leptogenesis, the lower bound on M' is found to be about 10^8 GeV at the onset of the strong washout regime, more than one order of magnitude below the bound in "standard" thermal leptogenesis.Comment: 19 pages, REVTeX4, 2 eps and 2 axodraw figure

The European Industrial Data Space (EIDS)

This research work has been performed in the framework of the Boost 4.0 Big Data lighthouse initiative, a project that has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under grant agreement no. 780732. This datadriven digital transformation research is also endorsed by the Digital Factory Alliance (DFA)The path that the European Commission foresees to leverage data in the best possible way for the sake of European citizens and the digital single market clearly addresses the need for a European Data Space. This data space must follow the rules, derived from European values. The European Data Strategy rests on four pillars: (1) Governance framework for access and use; (2) Investments in Europe’s data capabilities and infrastructures; (3) Competences and skills of individuals and SMEs; (4) Common European Data Spaces in nine strategic areas such as industrial manufacturing, mobility, health, and energy. The project BOOST 4.0 developed a prototype for the industrial manufacturing sector, called European Industrial Data Space (EIDS), an endeavour of 53 companies. The publication will show the developed architectural pattern as well as the developed components and introduce the required infrastructure that was developed for the EIDS. Additionally, the population of such a data space with Big Data enabled services and platforms is described and will be enriched with the perspective of the pilots that have been build based on EIDS.publishersversionpublishe

Medición de parámetros fisicos, biológicos y químicos en el tramo estuarino del río Ebro

[ES] En este artículo se describen las campañas de campo CYTMAR I y II realizadas en la primavera y el verano de 1997, con el fin de estudiar los procesos y los flujos físicos, biológicos y químicos en la zona del Delta del Ebro, tanto en el tramo estuarino del río como en la pluma de agua dulce que se forma en las cercanías de la desembocadura. Aquí el estudio se ha centrado en la zona estuarina, presentando algunos resultados preliminares y analizando las diferencias estacionales observadas.Este trabajo forma parte del proyecto FANS (contrato No. MAS3-CT95-0037) del Programa MAST-III de la Unión Europea y del proyecto MAR96-1856 del Programa CYTMAR de la Comisión Interministerial de Ciencia y Tecnología (CICYT). También se agradece la contribución de todos los que participaron en las campañas de campo. Finalmente cabe destacar la colaboración de la Confederación Hidrográfica del Ebro, que proporcionó los datos de caudales del río y del Centro de Estudios de Puertos y Costas (CEPYC) del CEDEX, que prestó algunos de los equipos utilizados en las campañas.Sierra Pedrico, JP.; González Del Río Rams, J.; Flos Bassols, J.; Sánchez-Arcilla Conejo, A.; Movellán Mendoza, E.; Rodilla, M.; Mösso Aranda, C.... (2001). Medición de parámetros fisicos, biológicos y químicos en el tramo estuarino del río Ebro. Ingeniería del Agua. 8(4):459-468. https://doi.org/10.4995/ia.2001.2879SWORD45946884Bruno, M., Fraguela, B., Alonso, J.J., Ruiz Cañavate, A., Mañanes, R. and Rico, J. (1997). Atmospheric pressure variations and water mass exchange between the continental shelf and the Bay of Cadiz. Scientia Marina, 61, pp. 379-387.Day, J.W., J.F. Martin, L. Cardoch and P.H. Templet (1997). System functioning as a basis for sustainable management of deltaic ecosystems. Costal Management, 25, pp. 115-153.Geyer, W.R. and Farmer, D.M. (1989). Tide induced variation in the dynamics of a salt wedge estuary. J. Physical Oceanography, 19, pp. 1060-1072.Huisman, J. and Weissing, F.J. (1995). Competition for nutrients and light among phytoplankton species in a mixed water column: theoretical studies. Water Sci. Tech., 32, pp. 143-147.Ibáñez, C. (1993). Dinámica hidrológica y funcionamiento ecológico del tramo estuarino del río Ebro. Tesis doctoral, Universidad de Barcelona, 196 p.Ibáñez, C., Pont, D. and Prat, N. (1997). Characterization of the Ebre and Rhone estuaries: A basis for defining and classifying salt-wedge estuaries. Limnol. Oceanogr., 42, pp. 89-101.Morris, A.W., Bale, A.J. and Howland, R.J.M. (1981). Nutrient distributions in an estuary: evidence of chemical precipitation of dissolved silicate and phosphate. Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science, 12, pp. 205-216.Smith, N.P. (1986). Subtidal Exchanges between Corpus Christi Bay and Texas Inner Shelf Waters. Lecture Notes on Coastal and Estuarine Studies. Ed. Van Kreeke, Springer Verlag, 16, pp. 143-152.Valle-Levinson, A. (1995). Observations of barotropic and baroclinic exchanges in the lower Chesapeake Bay. Continental Shelf Research, 15, pp. 1631-1647.Velasco, M.J. (1998). Descripción de los procesos hidro-biogeoquímicos en el Delta del Ebro. Tesina de graduación. Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, 133p.Zessner, M. et al. (1996). Regional materials accounting of nitrogen in upper Austria. Water Sci. Tech., 33, pp. 89-97