Las competencias docentes de los profesores del nivel medio superior sobre el tema de sexualidad y el VIH/SIDA

Evaluar desde la Licenciatura en Educación para la Salud las competencias docentes que tienen los profesores del nivel medio superior en la implementación del programa de sexualidad y el VIH/SID

“Valores DIAGNOdent en Esmalte Temporal Acondicionado con Láser Er: YAG VS. Autograbado Después de la Disolución Ácida

Se determinaron los valores DIAGNOdent del esmalte de dientes temporales acondicionados con láser Er: YAG vs. autograbado después de la disolución ácidaLas resinas para restauración dental requieren de un acondicionamiento previo del esmalte para una adhesión adecuada, ya sea con ácido, autograbado, y más recientemente con láser. Dentro de las ventajas de la aplicación del láser esta, por una parte la simplificación del procedimiento y por otra la posibilidad de incrementar la resistencia a la disolución ácida. O: Determinar los valores DIAGNOdent del esmalte de dientes temporales acondicionados con láser Er: YAG vs. autograbado después de la disolución ácida. M: Estudio experimental, cuya muestra incluyó 30 piezas dentarias temporales extraídas por razones terapéuticas, divididas aleatoriamente en 3 grupos (n=10); Grupo I Control (sin acondicionamiento), Grupo II Irradiado con láser Er: YAG, Grupo III Autograbado. Después del acondicionamiento, las muestras fueron colocadas en una solución ácida e incubadas, posteriormente se retiraron de la solución, se lavaron, secaron y se procedió al análisis con DIAGNOdent. Para determinar las diferencias entre los grupos se aplicó la prueba de Kruskal-Wallis (p ≤ 0.05). R: El 100% de las muestras del grupo I, III y el 80% del II mostraron valores DIAGNOdent de 0-13, sin diferencias estadísticamente significativas. D: Los reportes en la literatura indican que a pesar de que el acondicionamiento con láser Er: YAG proporciona alta resistencia, provoca un daño considerable a la superficie de los órganos dentales y se considera que la técnica de autograbado es más segura. Sin embargo en el presente estudio aun cuando los datos muestran mayor desmineralización esto únicamente se presenta en un bajo porcentaje de muestras lo cual se puede deber a otros factores. C: Los valores DIAGNOdent del grupo II mostraron en mayor cantidad una ligera desmineralización del esmalte temporal a la disolución ácida, pero no es estadísticamente significativo.Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Méxic

Puccinia meyeri-albertii en hojas y frutos de calafate (Berberis microphylla) en la región de La Araucanía, Chile

Calafate (Berberis microphylla G. Forst) is an endemic species of the Patagonian Andes of Chile and Argentina, with potential use for agroindustry. One aspect that could be restrictive for the production is the Calafate rust (Puccinia meyeri-albertii P. Magn), which the last reference in Chile dated from 1945. The objective of this study was to identify and updated report about to the prevalence of Calafate rust in La Araucanía Region, Chile. The rust identification was consistent as that reported for P. meyeri-albertii, aspects also confirmed by Centre for Agricultural Bioscience International (CABI) under number IMI-50016. The sequence amplified of the 28S rDNA (accession number KY555071) had an identity of 97% with others six Puccinia species, likewise, the genetic relationship analysis established that P. meyeri-albertii had higher divergences in the nucleotide substitutions respect to the others rusts; it consign that no nucleotide sequences available in NCBI database for P. meyeri-albertii. Prospecting realized the 2011-2012 seasons in an experimental Calafate orchard, the incidence and severity were respectively: 24.70% (range 4.72-36.90%) and severity 2.97 (2.15-3.30, range affected area) in leaves; and in fruits 13.78 % (range 1.13-23.84%) and 2.40 (2.01-2.78, range affected area). Hence, it was suggested that it is necessary to develop molecular, epidemiological and control research, as also to determine the infection level of this pathogen in others Calafate ecotypes and Berberis species growing in different edaphoclimatic conditions.El Calafate (Berberis microphylla G. Forst.), es una especie endémica de Los Andes Patagónicos de Chile y Argentina, con potencial de cultivo para la agroindustria. Un aspecto que pudiere ser restrictivo para su establecimiento y producción es la roya del Calafate, cuya última referencia en Chile data del 1945. El objetivo de este estudio fue identificar y actualizar la prevalencia de esta roya en la Región de La Araucanía, Chile. La identificación morfológica fue consistente con Puccinia meyeri-albertii P. Magn, determinación corroborada por el Centre for Agricultural Bioscience International (CABI) y registrada con el número IMI-50016. La secuencia amplificada desde el 28S del ADN ribosomal (accession KY555071), tuvo una identidad de 97% con otras seis especies de Puccinia. El análisis de relaciones genéticas de P. meyeri-albertii, representadas en un árbol filogenético, generó amplias divergencias sobre las substituciones de nucleótidos respecto de las otras royas comparadas en este estudio; es de consignar que en la base de datos del NCBI no se dispone secuencias nucleotídicas para este hongo. A través de prospecciones realizadas durante la temporada 2011-2012 en un huerto experimental de calafate, la incidencia y severidad de P. meyeri-albertii fueron respectivamente: 24,70% (rango 4,72%-36,90%) y 2,97 (2,15 - 3,30, rango de área afectada) en hojas; mientras que en frutos fue de 13,78 % (1,13-23,84%) y 2,40 (2,01-2,78, rango de área afectada). Al respecto, sería conveniente generar información en aspectos moleculares, epidemiológicos y de control de este patógeno, como también evaluar el nivel de infección en ecotipos de calafate y especies de Berberis que crecen en diversas condiciones edafoclimáticas.Fil: Guerrero Contreras, Jaime. Temuco (Chile). Universidad de La Frontera. Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias y Forestales. Laboratorio de Fitopatología.Fil: Cárdenas Lizama, Alejandro. Temuco (Chile). Universidad de La Frontera. Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias y Forestales. Laboratorio de Fitopatología.Fil: Bensch Tapia, Emma. Temuco (Chile). Universidad de La Frontera. Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias y Forestales. Laboratorio de Fitopatología.Fil: Meriño Gergichewich, Cristian. Temuco (Chile). Universidad de La Frontera. Scientific and Technological Bioresource Nucleus. Center of Plant, Soil Interaction and Natural Resources BiotechnologyFil: Pérez Fuentealba, Set. Temuco (Chile). Universidad de La Frontera. Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias y Forestales. Laboratorio de Fitopatología

Changes in cortisol and cortisone in hair of pigs reared under heat stress conditions

Heat stress accounts for millions of dollars in losses for swine producers worldwide. The aim of the present study was to determine and evaluate cortisol and cortisone in hair as indicators of thermal stress in growing pigs reared under high environmental temperatures. The study was carried out in two independent batches of commercial crosses of Lean Duroc and Pietrain in trials 1 and 2, respectively, during the growing period (from 40 to 100 kg; 81 days in trial 1 and 77 days in trial 2) in the same commercial farm in Spain during the summers of 2020 and 2021. In both cases, four rooms were used. In Trial 1, Room 1 had cooling and 11 pigs per pen; Room 2 had no cooling and 13 pigs per pen; Room 3 had no cooling and 11 pigs per pen, and Room 4 had cooling and 13 pigs per pen. In Trial 2, Rooms 2 and 3 had cooling and rooms 1 and 4 had no cooling, and all of them had 13 pigs per pen. Mean THI value was higher (p < 0.0001) in rooms without cooling systems (75.0 trial 1; 74.9 trial 2) than with them (71.3 trial 1; 71.7 trial 2). A total of four pens per room (16 in total) was selected for analysis of hair corticoids and all pigs inside were sampled at the end of the study. Fifty percent of the pigs were males (castrated and intact in trial 1 and 2, respectively) and 50% females. In total, 44, 52, 44, and 52 pigs, respectively, were sampled in four rooms from the first trial and 52 for each of four rooms in Trial 2. Cortisol concentrations in hair did not show any significant change in relation to cooling-non-cooling in any trial. However, hair cortisone concentration was 172.3 pg./mg and 105.8 pg./ mg less (p < 0.001) in pigs housed with cooling systems compared to those without them in Trial 1 and 2, respectively. In addition, the cortisone/cortisol ratio, which is an estimator of the activity of 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (11β-HSD) type 2, was also greater in rooms without cooling than in rooms with cooling in both trials (p < 0.0001 and p = 0.0105 for Trials 1 and 2, respectively). In relation to the sex effect, the results showed greater levels in females than in castrated males both in cortisone and the cortisol/cortisone ratio while cortisol hair levels were greater in intact males than in females. Therefore, the use of cortisone and the estimation of 11β-HSD type 2 activity in hair is recommended to evaluate the chronic stress produced by high environmental conditions in pigs instead of using hair cortisol concentrations alone.This study was included in Vall Companys, S.A.U.’s project WELFARE+ 8IDI-20210216 co-funded by Centre for the Development of Industrial Technology (CDTI), a Public Business Entity, answering to the Ministry of Science and Innovation, and the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF). DE was funded by the postdoctoral contract “Generational renewal to promote research” of the University of Murcia. ML-A (FJC2021-047105-I) by means of a post-doctoral fellowship, “Juan de la Cierva Formación,” supported by the “Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación.”info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

La indagación narrativa en la formación inicial del profesorado: de la escuela a la universidad Contreras Domingo, José

Podeu consultar el llibre complet a: http://hdl.handle.net/2445/164579[spa] Esta comunicación es fruto de un proyecto de indagación narrativa interuniversitario aún en proceso (EDU2016-77576-P) en el que exploramos modos desde los que transformar la Formación del Profesorado. Para ello, desarrollamos seis estudios vinculados a nuestras propias prácticas universitarias y seis estudios en escuelas desde los que atendemos el saber de la experiencia. Investigar junto a maestras de Educación Infantil y Primaria nos ha permitido imaginar otras perspectivas de la formación. Perspectivas que atienden a la naturaleza y a la complejidad epistémica de los saberes que sostienen y orientan el oficio docente. Las narrativas que estamos elaborando nos muestran prácticas de maestras que cuidan las relaciones y configuran creativamente su enseñanza; y también nos permiten ir consolidando un enfoque formativo que favorece la construcción de disposiciones pedagógicas sensibles a la experiencia, cuando los apoyamos con formas de indagación narrativa.[eng] This paper is the result of a still-in-process interuniversity narrative inquiry (EDU2016- 77576-P). As the scope was to attend to the experiential knowledge and the ways in which our Teacher Education programs might be shifted, we developed six in-school studies and six studies related to our own university practices. Doing research alongside six Kindergarten and Elementary Education teachers allowed us to imagine different perspectives for Teacher Education. Perspectives that attended to the nature and to the epistemic complexity of the knowledge that sustained and guided the teaching profession. In this sense, the co-composed narratives show the practices of teachers who care for the educational relationships as well as for the creative configuration of their teaching practices. The study is also allowing us to consolidate an educational and transformative approach that supports the need to build pedagogical dispositions that are sensitive to experience, especially when we engage in narrative inquiry practices

Reducing Stocking Densities and Using Cooling Systems for More Adapted Pigs to High Temperatures When Reared in Intensive Conditions

This study is aimed at evaluating the effect of reducing stocking density and using cooling systems to mitigate the negative effects of high temperatures in growing pigs (females and castrated males) reared in intensive conditions (from 25 to 100 kg) during summer (June to October 2020). The experimental design was a 2 × 2 factorial where pigs were provided with an evaporative cooling system and/or raised at regular or at lower stocking densities (i.e., 0.68 to 0.80 m2/animal). Treatments were distributed in four different rooms containing sex-balanced pens with either castrated males or females. Temperature and humidity were recorded throughout the experiment, and the temperature–humidity index was calculated. Heat stress (HS) on pigs was measured through changes in animals’ performance, animal-based indicators (dirtiness and activity budget) and physiological indicators (neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio and hair cortisol). The use of cooling, lowering stocking density and the combination of both strategies had positive effects on pigs’ final body weight (+5 kg, +3 kg, +9 kg, respectively; p < 0.001). The prevalence of dirtiness was similar at the stocking densities tested, and no clear effect of the cooling system was found. Both mitigation strategies lowered the physiological indicators of stress, although only hair cortisone can be considered an indicator of HS. In conclusion, both mitigation strategies are effective in improving pig welfare and performance, especially when both are combined. The severity of the stocking density effect may depend on the severity of the temperature.This study was included in Vall Companys, S.A.U.’s project WELFARE+ 8IDI-20210216 co-funded by the Centre for the Development of Industrial Technology (CDTI), a Public Business Entity, answering to the Ministry of Science and Innovation, and the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF). D.E. was funded by the postdoctoral contract “Generational renewal to promote research” of the University of Murcia. M.L.-A. (FJC2021-047105-I) by means of a post-doctoral fellowship, “Juan de la Cierva Formación”, supported by the “Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación”.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

A narrative pedagogy for Teacher Education

El presente artículo da cuenta del modo en que una pedagogía narrativa para la formación del profesorado puede ser entendida como una manera de acompañar a nuestras estudiantes y a los modos desde los que desarrollan y configuran sus saberes docentes. Desarrollar un pensamiento y un saber narrativo no parte, necesariamente, de las vivencias y experiencias con las que llegan al aula (aunque estas han de poder estar presentes). Más bien se trata de cultivar un pensar narrativo que, como pensamiento relacional, posibilita una profundización pedagógica. Co-componer y pensar con las historias propias y ajenas nos evoca la pregunta de cómo nos preparamos para enseñar. Y de cómo nos preparamos para enseñar una pedagogía narrativa. Una preparación que tiene que ver con cómo cultivamos el saber narrativo en el aula universitaria y de qué manera la indagación narrativa es vivida como práctica pedagógica. En este sentido, el texto muestra no sólo diversas formas en las que la narrativa se hace presente, sino modos desde los que la formación puede ser un espacio para la indagación narrativa

Exploring opportunities for coordinated responses to intimate partner violence and child maltreatment in low and middle income countries: a scoping review.

Intimate partner violence (IPV) and child maltreatment (CM) by a parent or caregiver are prevalent and overlapping issues with damaging consequences for those affected. This scoping review aimed to identify opportunities for greater coordination between IPV and CM programmes in low- and middle-income countries (LMIC). Nine bibliographic databases were searched and grey literature was identified through the scoping review team. Eligible studies were published in English; described primary prevention programmes in LMIC that addressed IPV and CM, or addressed one form of violence, but reported outcomes for the other; reported IPV and CM outcomes; and evaluated with any study design. Six studies were identified published between 2013 and 2016 (four randomised controlled trials, one pre-post non-randomised study and one qualitative study). Programmes were based in South Africa (2), Uganda, (2), Liberia (1) and Thailand (1). All except one were delivered within parenting programmes. The emphasis on gender norms varied between programmes. Some parenting programmes addressed gender inequity indirectly by promoting joint decision-making and open communication between caregivers. Conclusions are tentative due to the small evidence base and methodological weaknesses. More robust evaluations are needed. Improved coherence between IPV and CM programmes requires equal attention to the needs of women and children, and the involvement of fathers when it is safe to do so