The Taylor Matrix Method for Approximate Solution of Lane-Emden Equation with index-n

Abstract: Many problems in mathematical physics can be formulated as an equation of Lane-Emden type. There are many methods for the solution of this equation. One of these methods is the Taylor matrix method. The only types of nonlinear equations that this method has been applied so far are the Riccati and Abel equations. In this study, an algorithm based on the Taylor matrix method is proposed and applied to the nonlinear Lane-Emden equation with index-n. An example is also given

Age- and region-specific hepatitis B prevalence in Turkey estimated using generalized linear mixed models: a systematic review

Toy M, Önder FO, Wörmann T, et al. Age- and region-specific hepatitis B prevalence in Turkey estimated using generalized linear mixed models: a systematic review. BMC infectious diseases. 2011;11(1): 337.BACKGROUND: To provide a clear picture of the current hepatitis B situation, the authors performed a systematic review to estimate the age- and region-specific prevalence of chronic hepatitis B (CHB) in Turkey. METHODS: A total of 339 studies with original data on the prevalence of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) in Turkey and published between 1999 and 2009 were identified through a search of electronic databases, by reviewing citations, and by writing to authors. After a critical assessment, the authors included 129 studies, divided into categories: 'age-specific'; 'region-specific'; and 'specific population group'. To account for the differences among the studies, a generalized linear mixed model was used to estimate the overall prevalence across all age groups and regions. For specific population groups, the authors calculated the weighted mean prevalence. RESULTS: The estimated overall population prevalence was 4.57, 95% confidence interval (CI): 3.58, 5.76, and the estimated total number of CHB cases was about 3.3 million. The outcomes of the age-specific groups varied from 2.84, (95% CI: 2.60, 3.10) for the 0-14-year olds to 6.36 (95% CI: 5.83, 6.90) in the 25-34-year-old group. CONCLUSION: There are large age-group and regional differences in CHB prevalence in Turkey, where CHB remains a serious health problem

Utjecaj vodoodbojnih sredstava na higroskopnost i dimenzijsku stabilnost ugušćenog drva jele i drva jasike

This study investigated the effect of pre-impregnation with water-repellent agents on the hygroscopicity and dimensional stability of fir (Abies bornmulleriana Mattf.) and aspen (Populus tremula L.) woods. After pre-vacuum treatment, the samples were impregnated at atmospheric pressure with paraffin, linseed oil and styrene, and then densified at compression rates of 20 % and 40 % at 120, 150 and 180 °C. The results showed that water repellents significantly affected the hygroscopicity and dimensional stability of the densified wood samples. Compression recovery rate (CRR), thickness swelling (TS), equilibrium moisture content (EMC), and water absorption (WA) values of the densified samples decreased with impregnation pretreatments. The linseed oil treatment gave more positive CRR and TS results than paraffin. Lower EMC and WA values were found in the paraffin-treated samples. However, the most successful results for all tested properties were determined in the styrene pretreated samples in which hygroscopicity decreased and dimensional stability increased (especially for aspen) due to increases in the compression rate and temperature related to densification conditions. In the styrene pretreated samples, the high temperature (180 °C) and compression rate (40 %) significantly reduced CRR, TS, EMC and WA, total dimensional stability was nearly achieved and the water repellent effectiveness was close to 100 %.U radu se prikazuje istraživanje utjecaja predimpregnacije drva jele (Abies bornmulleriana Mattf.) i jasike (Populus tremula L.) vodoodbojnim sredstvima na njihovu higroskopnost i dimenzijsku stabilnost. Nakon vakuumske obrade uzorci su pri atmosferskom tlaku impregnirani parafinom, lanenim uljem i stirenom. Zatim je provedeno ugušćivanje sa stupnjevima ugušćenja 20 i 40 % pri temperaturi od 120, 150 i 180 °C. Rezultati su pokazali da vodoodbojna sredstva značajno utječu na higroskopnost i dimenzijsku stabilnost uzoraka ugušćenog drva. Predimpregnacijom uzoraka smanjili su se stupanj povrata ugušćenja (CRR), debljinsko bubrenje (TS), ravnotežni sadržaj vode (EMC) i apsorpcija vode (WA) ugušćenih uzoraka. Postupkom s lanenim uljem smanjeni su povrat ugušćenja i debljinsko bubrenje u usporedbi s postupkom impregnacije parafinom. Na uzorcima impregniranim parafinom utvrđene su niže vrijednosti ravnotežnog sadržaja vode i apsorpcije vode. Međutim, najbolji rezultati svih istraživanih svojstava dobiveni su na uzorcima impregniranima stirenom, kojima se zbog povećanja brzine i temperature ugušćivanja smanjila higroskopnost i povećala dimenzijska stabilnost (posebice drva jasike). Na uzorcima impregniranima stirenom i ugušćenima pri temperaturi od 180 °C sa stupnjem ugušćenja 40 % znatno su se smanjili stupanj povrata ugušćenja, debljinsko bubrenje, ravnotežni sadržaj vode i apsorpcija vode te je postignuta gotovo potpuna dimenzijska stabilnost i učinkovitost odbijanja vode (blizu 100 %)

Density, hardness and strength properties of densified fir and aspen woods pretreated with water repellents

In this study, the effect of thermo-mechanical densification on the density, hardness, compression strength, bending strength (MOR), and modulus of elasticity (MOE) of fir and aspen wood pretreated with water repellents was analyzed. Wood specimens were impregnated with paraffin, linseed oil and styrene after prevacuum treatment. Then, the impregnated wood specimens were densified with compression ratios of 20 and 40%, and at 120, 150 and 180 degrees C. The results indicated that the density, hardness and strength properties of the all densified specimens (untreated and impregnated) increased depending on the compression ratio and temperature. For all tested properties, higher increases were obtained in the paraffin and styrene pretreated specimens compared to untreated samples. However, the increase rates in linseed oil pretreated specimens were generally lower than untreated specimens. Regarding water repellents the most successful results in all tested properties were determined in styrene pretreated specimens. The density, hardness and strength properties of all specimens increased with the increase in compression ratio. On the other hand, the increase in the compression temperature negatively affects the properties of untreated and linseed oil pretreated specimens, while having a generally positive effect on the properties of paraffin pretreated specimens. However, all tested properties of styrene pretreated specimens have increased significantly due to the increase in compression temperature. The increasing strength properties of wood as a result of densification have increased much more with paraffin and especially styrene pretreatment. These combinations can be considered as an important potential for applications that require more hardness and strength.Research Fund of Duzce UniversityDuzce University [BAP2017.07.01.522]The authors are grateful for the support of the Research Fund of Duzce University, grant no. BAP2017.07.01.522.WOS:0006367392000052-s2.0-8509201257

Pediatrik Bir Hastada Serebellit ve Akut Hidrosefali Birlikteliği : Olgu Sunumu

Akut serebellit orta veya yüksek ateş, nistagmus, tremor, trunkal ataksi, dizartri, başağrısı ve bilinç değişikliği ile karakterize ciddi bir nörolojik hastalıktır. Tanı klinik semptomlar, radyolojik görüntüleme ve laboratuvar bulguları ile birlikte konur. Dördüncü ventrikülün obstrüksiyonu ile birlikte görülen akut serebellitlerde ani hayatı tehdit eden hidrosefali komplikasyonu görülebilir. Eksternal ventriküler şant uygulaması,ventriküloperitoneal şantlama ve posterior fossa dekompresyonu gibi hayat kurtarıcı nöroşirürjikal müdahaleler gerekebilir.Bu yazıda başarılı bir şekilde eksternal ventriküler drenaj ve medikal tedavi uygulanan serebellit ve akut hidrosefalinin birlikte görüldüğü pediatrik bir olguyu sunduk ve bu ender görülen ancak önemli durumu ana hatları ile tartıştık.Acute cerebellitis is a severe neurological disease characterized by mild or high-grade fever, nystagmus, tremor, truncal ataxia, dysarthria, headache, and altered mental state. The diagnose can be established on the basis of clinical symptoms, radiological imaging and laboratory findings. Acute life threatening hydrocephalus can be seen as a complication of acute cerebellitis associated with obstruction at the level of the fourth ventricle. Neurosurgical procedures as a life-saving intervention can be required which range from external ventricular drainage to ventricular peritoneal shunt and posterior fossa decompression. In this report we present a case of cerebellitis and concomitant acute hydrocephalus in a child which was treated succesfully with external ventricular drainage and medical treatment and also discuss the main features of this rare but important concomitance

A Solution Proposal to the Interval Fractional Transportation Problem

In real world applications, frequently may be faced up with the fractional transportation problem that these cost and preference parameters of the fractional objective may not be known in precise manner which are changed in the interval each other. In this study, fractional transportation problem with interval coefficient is transformed to a classical transportation problem by expanding the order 1st Taylor polynomial series with multi variables

Bacterial Agents Causing Meningitis During 2013-2014 in Turkey: A Multi-Center Hospital-Based Prospective Surveillance Study

This is an observational epidemiological study to describe causes of bacterial meningitis among persons between 1 month and 18 y of age who are hospitalized with suspected bacterial meningitis in 7 Turkish regions. covering 32% of the entire population of Turkey. We present here the results from 2013 and 2014. A clinical case with meningitis was defined according to followings: any sign of meningitis including fever, vomiting, headache, and meningeal irritation in children above one year of age and fever without any documented source, impaired consciousness, prostration and seizures in those < 1 y of age. Single tube multiplex PCR assay was performed for the simultaneous identification of bacterial agents. The specific gene targets were ctrA, bex, and ply for N. meningitidis, Hib, and S. pneumoniae, respectively. PCR positive samples were recorded as laboratory-confirmed acute bacterial meningitis. A total of 665 children were hospitalized for suspected acute meningitis. The annual incidences of acute laboratory-confirmed bacterial meningitis were 0.3 cases / 100,000 population in 2013 and 0.9 cases/100,000 in 2014. Of the 94 diagnosed cases of bacterial meningitis by PCR, 85 (90.4%) were meningococcal and 9 (9.6%) were pneumococcal. Hib was not detected in any of the patients. Among meningococcal meningitis, cases of serogroup Y, A, B and W-135 were 2.4% (n = 2), 3.5% (n = 3), 32.9% (n = 28), and 42.4% (n = 36). No serogroup C was detected among meningococcal cases. Successful vaccination policies for protection from bacterial meningitis are dependent on accurate determination of the etiology of bacterial meningitis. Additionally, the epidemiology of meningococcal disease is dynamic and close monitoring of serogroup distribution is comprehensively needed to assess the benefit of adding meningococcal vaccines to the routine immunization program.Wo

Autoantibodies against type I IFNs in humans with alternative NF-κB pathway deficiency

: Patients with autoimmune polyendocrinopathy syndrome type 1 (APS-1) caused by autosomal recessive AIRE deficiency produce autoantibodies that neutralize type I interferons (IFNs)1,2, conferring a predisposition to life-threatening COVID-19 pneumonia3. Here we report that patients with autosomal recessive NIK or RELB deficiency, or a specific type of autosomal-dominant NF-κB2 deficiency, also have neutralizing autoantibodies against type I IFNs and are at higher risk of getting life-threatening COVID-19 pneumonia. In patients with autosomal-dominant NF-κB2 deficiency, these autoantibodies are found only in individuals who are heterozygous for variants associated with both transcription (p52 activity) loss of function (LOF) due to impaired p100 processing to generate p52, and regulatory (IκBδ activity) gain of function (GOF) due to the accumulation of unprocessed p100, therefore increasing the inhibitory activity of IκBδ (hereafter, p52LOF/IκBδGOF). By contrast, neutralizing autoantibodies against type I IFNs are not found in individuals who are heterozygous for NFKB2 variants causing haploinsufficiency of p100 and p52 (hereafter, p52LOF/IκBδLOF) or gain-of-function of p52 (hereafter, p52GOF/IκBδLOF). In contrast to patients with APS-1, patients with disorders of NIK, RELB or NF-κB2 have very few tissue-specific autoantibodies. However, their thymuses have an abnormal structure, with few AIRE-expressing medullary thymic epithelial cells. Human inborn errors of the alternative NF-κB pathway impair the development of AIRE-expressing medullary thymic epithelial cells, thereby underlying the production of autoantibodies against type I IFNs and predisposition to viral diseases