Inter-relações entre judaísmo e multilinguismo

Trabalho de Conclusão de Curso (graduação)— Universidade de Brasília, Instituto de Letras, Departamento de Línguas Estrangeiras e Tradução, Línguas Estrangeiras Aplicadas ao Multilinguismo e à Sociedade da Informação, 2017.O tema central deste trabalho é o judaísmo. Assim, pretende-se apresentar esse complexo sistema cultural, bem como as discussões a respeito da identidade judaica, para posteriormente indicar algumas das principais línguas judaicas e ilustrar as características multilíngues presentes nesse grupo, por meio de algumas traduções de produções literárias originalmente escritas em iídiche e em ladino. A revisão bibliográfica realizada neste estudo indicou que para garantir a preservação e a manutenção da identidade, toda cultura necessita entrar em contato com outros povos, ou seja, uma cultura que permanece fechada em si mesma cai no ostracismo e morre com o passar do tempo. Logo, as aberturas culturais acontecem por meio do multilinguismo e têm a finalidade de preservar a cultura original. No caso do judaísmo, verificou-se que, ainda que seja pouco e de maneira tímida, a cultura judaica permite se abrir a novas tradições e culturas para permanecer viva com o passar do tempo.Judaism is the central theme of this paper. Thus, this work intends to present this complex cultural system, and discussions about Jewish identity as well, so later we can indicate some of the main Jewish languages and illustrate some multilingual peculiarities of this group, exemplified by some piece of literary work’s translations produced originally in yiddish and ladino language. The literature review conducted through this study indicated that every culture needs to be in touch with other groups, in order to ensure the preservation and the maintenance of its own identity. It means that, if a culture remains closed in itself, it will be doomed to ostracism and will certainly die some time. Soon, cultural openings are possible due to multilingualism, and have the purpose of preservating the original culture. In the case of Judaism, it was found that Jewish culture allows itself to open up to new traditions and cultures, in order to remain alive

Desmin mediates TNF-α–induced aggregate formation and intercalated disk reorganization in heart failure

We explored the involvement of the muscle-specific intermediate filament protein desmin in the model of tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α)–induced cardiomyopathy. We demonstrate that in mice overexpressing TNF-α in the heart (α–myosin heavy chain promoter-driven secretable TNF-α [MHCsTNF]), desmin is modified, loses its intercalated disk (ID) localization, and forms aggregates that colocalize with heat shock protein 25 and ubiquitin. Additionally, other ID proteins such as desmoplakin and β-catenin show similar localization changes in a desmin-dependent fashion. To address underlying mechanisms, we examined whether desmin is a substrate for caspase-6 in vivo as well as the implications of desmin cleavage in MHCsTNF mice. We generated transgenic mice with cardiac-restricted expression of a desmin mutant (D263E) and proved that it is resistant to caspase cleavage in the MHCsTNF myocardium. The aggregates are diminished in these mice, and D263E desmin, desmoplakin, and β-catenin largely retain their proper ID localization. Importantly, D263E desmin expression attenuated cardiomyocyte apoptosis, prevented left ventricular wall thinning, and improved the function of MHCsTNF hearts

Desnaturação da actomiosina de músculo estriado de coelho pela prometazina

Interaction between Promethazine and contractile proteins prepared from rabbit striated muscle has been studied by methods based on the fact that the phenothiazinic compound acting upon actiomiosine causes a physical change in the protein, which results in the loss of the capability of changing from the F to the G forms. Measurements have been carried out on the effect of Promethazine to cause turbidity when added to a solution of actomiosine G. Furthermore, it has been shown that actiomiosine F is able to remove Promethazine from a solution to which both actomiosine F and Promethazine have been added in suitable preparations. When a solution of actiomiosine G is dropped over the surface of a column of distilled water, it changes to the F form showing a well round shapped and limited drop. However, when actomiosine G is previously treated with Promethazine in suitable concentrations, and it is dropped over the surface of a column of water, the drop of actomiosin F becomes shapeless by loosing its physical form. A method, called the “drop method” has been devised in order to quantitate this phenomenon due to the fact that such physical changes in the properties of actomiosine F are related to two parameters: the concentration of Promethazine and the height from which the dropping is carried out on the water surface.O artigo apresenta resumo em inglês

Software ScratchJr como recurso pedagógico para la consolidación de nociones espaciales en Educación Infantil

Con el transcurso del tiempo, las Tecnologías de la Información y Comunicación han ido tomando mayor protagonismo en la Educación Infantil, nivel en el que los niños desarrollan habilidades esenciales para aspectos de su vida académica, personal y social, es entonces que las metodologías y estrategias de enseñanza deben ser repensadas para motivar y provocar interés en los educandos, en tal virtud la programación infantil es un recurso que permite adquirir conocimientos de forma lúdica y creativa. El objetivo de este estudio es determinar la incidencia del software ScratchJr en la consolidación de las nociones espaciales en niños de 5 y 6 años. La investigación es cuantitativa con un diseño no experimental y de alcance descriptivo; la recopilación de datos se realizó mediante la aplicación del Test de Conceptos Básicos- Tercera Edición Boehm-3 en dos fases (pre y post) en el curso virtual “SCRATCH KIDS”. Los resultados post test muestran la incidencia positiva del software dentro del ámbito lógico matemático para afianzar la comprensión de nociones espaciales empleando el aprendizaje de programación infantil. Se concluye que la media general con respecto a los valores obtenidos en el pretest aumentó 2 puntos recalcando que las nociones de lateralidad siguen siendo las más complejas de adquirir a esta edad.PALABRAS CLAVE: Programación; educación infantil; ScratchJr; lógica matemática; pandemia.ScratchJr software as a pedagogical resource for the consolidation of spatial notions in Early Childhood Education ABSTRACTAs time goes by, information and communication technologies are gaining more prominence in early childhood education, a level in which children must develop essential skills for aspects of their academic, personal, and social life, it is then that methodologies and teaching strategies must be rethought to motivate and provoke interest in children, in such virtue programming is a resource that allows them to acquire knowledge in a playful and creative way. The purpose of this study is to determine the impact of the ScratchJr software on the consolidation of spatial notions in 5- and 6-year-old children. The research is quantitative with non-experimental design and descriptive scope; data collection was performed by applying the Boehm Test of Basic Concepts- Third Edition in two phases (pre and post) of the virtual course called "SCRATCH KIDS". The post-test results show the positive incidence of the software within the logical-mathematical field to strengthen the understanding of spatial notions using children's programming learning. It is concluded that the overall average in relation to the values obtained in the pre-test increased 2 points, highlighting that the notions of laterality continue to be the most complex to acquire at this age.KEYWORDS: Programming; childhood education; ScratchJr; mathematical logic; pandemic

The Menstrual Cycle Modulates Whole-Brain Turbulent Dynamics

Brain dynamics have recently been shown to be modulated by rhythmic changes in female sex hormone concentrations across an entire menstrual cycle. However, many questions remain regarding the specific differences in information processing across spacetime between the two main follicular and luteal phases in the menstrual cycle. Using a novel turbulent dynamic framework, we studied whole-brain information processing across spacetime scales (i.e., across long and short distances in the brain) in two open-source, dense-sampled resting-state datasets. A healthy naturally cycling woman in her early twenties was scanned over 30 consecutive days during a naturally occurring menstrual cycle and under a hormonal contraceptive regime. Our results indicated that the luteal phase is characterized by significantly higher information transmission across spatial scales than the follicular phase. Furthermore, we found significant differences in turbulence levels between the two phases in brain regions belonging to the default mode, salience/ventral attention, somatomotor, control, and dorsal attention networks. Finally, we found that changes in estradiol and progesterone concentrations modulate whole-brain turbulent dynamics in long distances. In contrast, we reported no significant differences in information processing measures between the active and placebo phases in the hormonal contraceptive study. Overall, the results demonstrate that the turbulence framework is able to capture differences in whole-brain turbulent dynamics related to ovarian hormones and menstrual cycle stages

Stable Deuterium-Tritium burning plasmas with improved confinement in the presence of energetic-ion instabilities

Providing stable and clean energy sources is a necessity for the increasing demands of humanity. Energy produced by fusion reactions, in particular in tokamaks, is a promising path towards that goal. However, there is little experience with plasmas under conditions close to those expected in future fusion reactors, because it requires the fusion of Deuterium (D) and Tritium (T), while most of the experiments are currently performed in pure D. After more than 20 years, the Joint European Torus (JET) has carried out new D-T experiments with the aim of exploring the unique characteristics of burning D-T plasmas, such as the presence of highly energetic ions. A new stable, high confinement and impurity-free D-T regime, with strong reduction of energy losses with respect to D, has been found. Multiscale physics mechanisms critically determine the thermal confinement and the fusion power yield. These crucial achievements importantly contribute to the establishment of fusion energy generation as an alternative to fossil fuels

An international effort towards developing standards for best practices in analysis, interpretation and reporting of clinical genome sequencing results in the CLARITY challenge

Background: There is tremendous potential for genome sequencing to improve clinical diagnosis and care once it becomes routinely accessible, but this will require formalizing research methods into clinical best practices in the areas of sequence data generation, analysis, interpretation and reporting. The CLARITY Challenge was designed to spur convergence in methods for diagnosing genetic disease starting from clinical case history and genome sequencing data. DNA samples were obtained from three families with heritable genetic disorders and genomic sequence data were donated by sequencing platform vendors. The challenge was to analyze and interpret these data with the goals of identifying disease-causing variants and reporting the findings in a clinically useful format. Participating contestant groups were solicited broadly, and an independent panel of judges evaluated their performance. Results: A total of 30 international groups were engaged. The entries reveal a general convergence of practices on most elements of the analysis and interpretation process. However, even given this commonality of approach, only two groups identified the consensus candidate variants in all disease cases, demonstrating a need for consistent fine-tuning of the generally accepted methods. There was greater diversity of the final clinical report content and in the patient consenting process, demonstrating that these areas require additional exploration and standardization. Conclusions: The CLARITY Challenge provides a comprehensive assessment of current practices for using genome sequencing to diagnose and report genetic diseases. There is remarkable convergence in bioinformatic techniques, but medical interpretation and reporting are areas that require further development by many groups

Proteome and phospholipidome interrelationship of synovial fluid-derived extracellular vesicles in equine osteoarthritis: An exploratory 'multi-omics' study to identify composite biomarkers

Osteoarthritis causes progressive joint deterioration, severe morbidity, and reduced mobility in both humans and horses. Currently, osteoarthritis is diagnosed at late stages through clinical examination and radiographic imaging, hence it is challenging to address and provide timely therapeutic interventions to slow disease progression or ameliorate symptoms. Extracellular vesicles are cell-derived vesicles that play a key role in cell-to-cell communication and are potential sources for specific composite biomarker panel discovery. We here used a multi-omics strategy combining proteomics and phospholipidomics in an integral approach to identify composite biomarkers associated to purified extracellular vesicles from synovial fluid of healthy, mildly and severely osteoarthritic equine joints. Although the number of extracellular vesicles was unaffected by osteoarthritis, proteome profiling of extracellular vesicles by mass spectrometry identified 40 differentially expressed proteins (non-adjusted p < 0.05) in osteoarthritic joints associated with 7 significant canonical pathways in osteoarthritis. Moreover, pathway analysis unveiled changes in disease and molecular functions during osteoarthritis development. Phospholipidome profiling by mass spectrometry showed a relative increase in sphingomyelin and a decrease in phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylinositol, and phosphatidylserine in extracellular vesicles derived from osteoarthritic joints compared to healthy joints. Unsupervised data integration revealed positive correlations between the proteome and the phospholipidome. Comprehensive analysis showed that some phospholipids and their related proteins increased as the severity of osteoarthritis progressed, while others decreased or remained stable. Altogether our data show interrelationships between synovial fluid extracellular vesicle-associated phospholipids and proteins responding to osteoarthritis pathology and which could be explored as potential composite diagnostic biomarkers of disease

Measurement of the cosmic ray spectrum above 4×10184{\times}10^{18} eV using inclined events detected with the Pierre Auger Observatory

A measurement of the cosmic-ray spectrum for energies exceeding $4{\times}10^{18}$ eV is presented, which is based on the analysis of showers with zenith angles greater than $60^{\circ}$ detected with the Pierre Auger Observatory between 1 January 2004 and 31 December 2013. The measured spectrum confirms a flux suppression at the highest energies. Above $5.3{\times}10^{18}$ eV, the "ankle", the flux can be described by a power law $E^{-\gamma}$ with index $\gamma=2.70 \pm 0.02 \,\text{(stat)} \pm 0.1\,\text{(sys)}$ followed by a smooth suppression region. For the energy ($E_\text{s}$) at which the spectral flux has fallen to one-half of its extrapolated value in the absence of suppression, we find $E_\text{s}=(5.12\pm0.25\,\text{(stat)}^{+1.0}_{-1.2}\,\text{(sys)}){\times}10^{19}$ eV.Comment: Replaced with published version. Added journal reference and DO