16 research outputs found
Role of age and comorbidities in mortality of patients with infective endocarditis
[Purpose]: The aim of this study was to analyse the characteristics of patients with IE in three groups of age and to assess the ability of age and the Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI) to predict mortality.
[Methods]: Prospective cohort study of all patients with IE included in the GAMES Spanish database between 2008 and 2015.Patients were stratified into three age groups:<65âŻyears,65 to 80âŻyears,andâŻâ„âŻ80âŻyears.The area under the receiver-operating characteristic (AUROC) curve was calculated to quantify the diagnostic accuracy of the CCI to predict mortality risk.
[Results]: A total of 3120 patients with IE (1327âŻ<âŻ65âŻyears;1291 65-80âŻyears;502âŻâ„âŻ80âŻyears) were enrolled.Fever and heart failure were the most common presentations of IE, with no differences among age groups.Patients â„80âŻyears who underwent surgery were significantly lower compared with other age groups (14.3%,65âŻyears; 20.5%,65-79âŻyears; 31.3%,â„80âŻyears). In-hospital mortality was lower in the <65-year group (20.3%,<65âŻyears;30.1%,65-79âŻyears;34.7%,â„80âŻyears;pâŻ<âŻ0.001) as well as 1-year mortality (3.2%, <65âŻyears; 5.5%, 65-80âŻyears;7.6%,â„80âŻyears; pâŻ=âŻ0.003).Independent predictors of mortality were ageâŻâ„âŻ80âŻyears (hazard ratio [HR]:2.78;95% confidence interval [CI]:2.32â3.34), CCIâŻâ„âŻ3 (HR:1.62; 95% CI:1.39â1.88),and non-performed surgery (HR:1.64;95% CI:11.16â1.58).When the three age groups were compared,the AUROC curve for CCI was significantly larger for patients aged <65âŻyears(pâŻ<âŻ0.001) for both in-hospital and 1-year mortality.
[Conclusion]: There were no differences in the clinical presentation of IE between the groups. AgeâŻâ„âŻ80âŻyears, high comorbidity (measured by CCI),and non-performance of surgery were independent predictors of mortality in patients with IE.CCI could help to identify those patients with IE and surgical indication who present a lower risk of in-hospital and 1-year mortality after surgery, especially in the <65-year group
Tratamientos psicolĂłgicos empĂricamente apoyados para adultos: Una revisiĂłn selectiva
Antecedentes: los tratamientos psicolĂłgicos han mostrado su eficacia, efectividad y eficiencia para el abordaje de los trastornos mentales; no obstante, considerando el conocimiento cientĂfico generado en los Ășltimos años, no se dispone de trabajos de actualizaciĂłn en español sobre cuĂĄles son los tratamientos psicolĂłgicos con respaldo empĂrico. El objetivo fue realizar una revisiĂłn selectiva de los principales tratamientos psicolĂłgicos empĂricamente apoyados para el abordaje de trastornos mentales en personas adultas. MĂ©todo: se recogen niveles de evidencia y grados de recomendaciĂłn en funciĂłn de los criterios propuestos por el Sistema Nacional de Salud de España (en las GuĂas de PrĂĄctica ClĂnica) para diferentes trastornos psicolĂłgicos. Resultados: los resultados sugieren que los tratamientos psicolĂłgicos disponen de apoyo empĂrico para el abordaje de un amplio elenco de trastornos psicolĂłgicos. El grado de apoyo empĂrico oscila de bajo a alto en funciĂłn del trastorno psicolĂłgico analizado. La revisiĂłn sugiere que ciertos campos de intervenciĂłn necesitan una mayor investigaciĂłn. Conclusiones: a partir de esta revisiĂłn selectiva, los profesionales de la psicologĂa podrĂĄn disponer de informaciĂłn rigurosa y actualizada que les permita tomar decisiones informadas a la hora de implementar aquellos procedimientos psicoterapĂ©uticos empĂricamente fundamentados en funciĂłn de las caracterĂsticas de las personas que demandan ayuda.
Background: Psychological treatments have shown their efficacy, effectiveness, and efficiency in dealing with mental disorders. However, considering the scientific knowledge generated in recent years, in the Spanish context, there are no updating studies about empirically supported psychological treatments. The main goal was to carry out a selective review of the main empirically supported psychological treatments for mental disorders in adults. Method: Levels of evidence and degrees of recommendation were collected based on the criteria proposed by the Spanish National Health System (Clinical Practice Guidelines) for different psychological disorders. Results: The results indicate that psychological treatments have empirical support for the approach to a wide range of psychological disorders. These levels of empirical evidence gathered range from low to high depending on the psychological disorder analysed. The review indicates the existence of certain fields of intervention that need further investigation. Conclusions: Based on this selective review, psychology professionals will be able to have rigorous, up-to-date information that allows them to make informed decisions when implementing empirically based psychotherapeutic procedures based on the characteristics of the people who require help
GestiĂłn del conocimiento. Perspectiva multidisciplinaria. Volumen 17
El libro âGestiĂłn del Conocimiento. Perspectiva Multidisciplinariaâ, Volumen 17 de la ColecciĂłn UniĂłn Global, es resultado de investigaciones. Los capĂtulos del libro, son resultados de investigaciones desarrolladas por sus autores. El libro es una publicaciĂłn internacional, seriada, continua, arbitrada, de acceso abierto a todas las ĂĄreas del conocimiento, orientada a contribuir con procesos de gestiĂłn del conocimiento cientĂfico, tecnolĂłgico y humanĂstico. Con esta colecciĂłn, se aspira contribuir con el cultivo, la comprensiĂłn, la recopilaciĂłn y la apropiaciĂłn social del conocimiento en cuanto a patrimonio intangible de la humanidad, con el propĂłsito de hacer aportes con la transformaciĂłn de las relaciones socioculturales que sustentan la construcciĂłn social de los saberes y su reconocimiento como bien pĂșblico
Reducing the environmental impact of surgery on a global scale: systematic review and co-prioritization with healthcare workers in 132 countries
Abstract
Background
Healthcare cannot achieve net-zero carbon without addressing operating theatres. The aim of this study was to prioritize feasible interventions to reduce the environmental impact of operating theatres.
Methods
This study adopted a four-phase Delphi consensus co-prioritization methodology. In phase 1, a systematic review of published interventions and global consultation of perioperative healthcare professionals were used to longlist interventions. In phase 2, iterative thematic analysis consolidated comparable interventions into a shortlist. In phase 3, the shortlist was co-prioritized based on patient and clinician views on acceptability, feasibility, and safety. In phase 4, ranked lists of interventions were presented by their relevance to high-income countries and lowâmiddle-income countries.
Results
In phase 1, 43 interventions were identified, which had low uptake in practice according to 3042 professionals globally. In phase 2, a shortlist of 15 intervention domains was generated. In phase 3, interventions were deemed acceptable for more than 90 per cent of patients except for reducing general anaesthesia (84 per cent) and re-sterilization of âsingle-useâ consumables (86 per cent). In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for high-income countries were: introducing recycling; reducing use of anaesthetic gases; and appropriate clinical waste processing. In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for lowâmiddle-income countries were: introducing reusable surgical devices; reducing use of consumables; and reducing the use of general anaesthesia.
Conclusion
This is a step toward environmentally sustainable operating environments with actionable interventions applicable to both highâ and lowâmiddleâincome countries
Acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis epidemic in SĂŁo Paulo State, Brazil, 2011
ABSTRACT Acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis (AHC) infection is highly contagious and can lead to explosive epidemics. In early February 2011, the Center for Epidemiologic Surveillance of the State of SĂŁo Paulo Health Secretariat (SES-SP) in Brazil received reports of conjunctivitis outbreaks from rural areas of the state that subsequently spread statewide. This report describes that AHC epidemic and its etiologic agent. Data from the Ministry of Health Information System for Notifiable Diseases (SinanNet) and the SES-SP epidemiologic surveillance system for conjunctivitis, developed to detect outbreaks, confirm the etiologic agent, and carry out control measures, were analyzed. Eye (conjunctival swab) samples were taken from patients with clinical presentation of viral conjunctivitis to perform viral laboratory diagnosis. A total of 1 067 981 conjunctivitis cases were reported to the surveillance system for 2011; there was an increase in the number of cases in epidemiologic weeks 6â26 (summer season) versus previous years. Most cases occurred in the metropolitan region of Greater SĂŁo Paulo. Of 93 collected samples, 57 tested positive for coxsackievirus-A24 (CV-A24), based on virus isolation in tissue-culture cell lines, reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), and enterovirus sequencing of RT-PCR. The data analysis showed that the fast-spreading etiologic agent of the AHC epidemic that occurred in the summer of 2011 was CV-A24. The AHC epidemic was due to an enterovirus that occurred sporadically, spread rapidly and with great magnitude, and had substantial socioeconomic impact due to the high level of absenteeism at work and school
Role of age and comorbidities in mortality of patients with infective endocarditis.
The aim of this study was to analyse the characteristics of patients with IE in three groups of age and to assess the ability of age and the Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI) to predict mortality. Prospective cohort study of all patients with IE included in the GAMES Spanish database between 2008 and 2015.Patients were stratified into three age groups: A total of 3120 patients with IE (1327⯠There were no differences in the clinical presentation of IE between the groups. AgeâŻâ„âŻ80âŻyears, high comorbidity (measured by CCI),and non-performance of surgery were independent predictors of mortality in patients with IE.CCI could help to identify those patients with IE and surgical indication who present a lower risk of in-hospital and 1-year mortality after surgery, especially in th