5,483 research outputs found
How paradata can illuminate technical, social and professional role changes between the Poverty in the UK (1967/1968) and Poverty and Social Exclusion in the UK (2012) surveys
This article brings together analyses of the micro paradata âby-productsâ from the 1967/1968 Poverty in the United Kingdom (PinUK) and 2012 Poverty and Social Exclusion in the UK (PSE) surveys to explore changes in the conditions of production over this 45 year period. We highlight technical, social and professional role continuities and changes, shaped by the institutionalisation of survey researchers, the professionalization of the field interviewer, and economisation. While there are similarities between the surveys in that field interviewers were and are at the bottom of the research hierarchy, we demonstrate an increasing segregation between the core research team and field interviewers. In PinUK the field interviewers are visible in the paper survey booklets; through their handwritten notes on codes and in written marginalia they can âtalkâ to the central research team. In PSE they are absent from the computer mediated data, and from communication with the central team. We argue that, while there have been other benefits to field interviewers, their relational labour has become less visible in a shift from the exercise of observational judgement to an emphasis on standardisation. Yet, analyses of what field interviewers actually do show that they still need to deploy the same interpersonal skills and resourcefulness to secure and maintain interviews as they did 45 years previously
Local Quantum Measurement and No-Signaling Imply Quantum Correlations
We show that, assuming that quantum mechanics holds locally, the finite speed
of information is the principle that limits all possible correlations between
distant parties to be quantum mechanical as well. Local quantum mechanics means
that a Hilbert space is assigned to each party, and then all local
positive-operator-valued measurements are (in principle) available; however,
the joint system is not necessarily described by a Hilbert space. In
particular, we do not assume the tensor product formalism between the joint
systems. Our result shows that if any experiment would give nonlocal
correlations beyond quantum mechanics, quantum theory would be invalidated even
locally.Comment: Published version. 5 pages, 1 figure
Effects of Multi-Surface Modification on Curie temperature of ferroelectric films
Within the framework of mean field theory, we study the effects of
multi-surface modification on Curie temperature of ferroelectric films using
the transverse Ising model. The general nonlinear equations for Curie
temperature of multi-surface ferroelectric films with arbitrary exchange
constants and transverse fields are derived by the transfer matrix method. As
an example, we consider a film consisting of top surface layers, bulk layers
and bottom surface layers. Two types of surface modifications, modifications of
a surface exchange constant and a surface transverse field are taken into
account. The dependence of Curie temperature on the surface layer numbers, bulk
layer numbers, surface exchange constants, surface transverse fields and bulk
transverse fields is discussed.Comment: 11 pages, 5 figure
Stellar Inversion Techniques
Stellar seismic inversions have proved to be a powerful technique for probing
the internal structure of stars, and paving the way for a better understanding
of the underlying physics by revealing some of the shortcomings in current
stellar models. In this lecture, we provide an introduction to this topic by
explaining kernel-based inversion techniques. Specifically, we explain how
various kernels are obtained from the pulsation equations, and describe
inversion techniques such as the Regularised Least-Squares (RLS) and Optimally
Localised Averages (OLA) methods.Comment: 20 pages, 8 figures. Lecture presented at the IVth Azores
International Advanced School in Space Sciences on "Asteroseismology and
Exoplanets: Listening to the Stars and Searching for New Worlds"
(arXiv:1709.00645), which took place in Horta, Azores Islands, Portugal in
July 201
Boundaries of Semantic Distraction: Dominance and Lexicality Act at Retrieval
Three experiments investigated memory for semantic information with the goal of determining boundary conditions for the manifestation of semantic auditory distraction. Irrelevant speech disrupted the free recall of semantic category-exemplars to an equal degree regardless of whether the speech coincided with presentation or test phases of the task (Experiment 1) and occurred regardless of whether it comprised random words or coherent sentences (Experiment 2). The effects of background speech were greater when the irrelevant speech was semantically related to the to-be-remembered material, but only when the irrelevant words were high in output dominance (Experiment 3). The implications of these findings in relation to the processing of task material and the processing of background speech is discussed
Anharmonicity, vibrational instability and Boson peak in glasses
We show that a {\em vibrational instability} of the spectrum of weakly
interacting quasi-local harmonic modes creates the maximum in the inelastic
scattering intensity in glasses, the Boson peak. The instability, limited by
anharmonicity, causes a complete reconstruction of the vibrational density of
states (DOS) below some frequency , proportional to the strength of
interaction. The DOS of the new {\em harmonic modes} is independent of the
actual value of the anharmonicity. It is a universal function of frequency
depending on a single parameter -- the Boson peak frequency, which
is a function of interaction strength. The excess of the DOS over the Debye
value is at low frequencies and linear in in the
interval . Our results are in an excellent
agreement with recent experimental studies.Comment: LaTeX, 8 pages, 6 figure
How paradata can illuminate technical, social and professional role changes between the Poverty in the UK (1967/1968) and Poverty and Social Exclusion in the UK (2012) surveys
© 2016, The Author(s). This article brings together analyses of the micro paradata âby-productsâ from the 1967/1968 Poverty in the United Kingdom (PinUK) and 2012 Poverty and Social Exclusion in the UK (PSE) surveys to explore changes in the conditions of production over this 45year period. We highlight technical, social and professional role continuities and changes, shaped by the institutionalisation of survey researchers, the professionalization of the field interviewer, and economisation. While there are similarities between the surveys in that field interviewers were and are at the bottom of the research hierarchy, we demonstrate an increasing segregation between the core research team and field interviewers. In PinUK the field interviewers are visible in the paper survey booklets; through their handwritten notes on codes and in written marginalia they can âtalkâ to the central research team. In PSE they are absent from the computer mediated data, and from communication with the central team. We argue that, while there have been other benefits to field interviewers, their relational labour has become less visible in a shift from the exercise of observational judgement to an emphasis on standardisation. Yet, analyses of what field interviewers actually do show that they still need to deploy the same interpersonal skills and resourcefulness to secure and maintain interviews as they did 45years previously
Lateral Distribution of Muons in IceCube Cosmic Ray Events
In cosmic ray air showers, the muon lateral separation from the center of the
shower is a measure of the transverse momentum that the muon parent acquired in
the cosmic ray interaction. IceCube has observed cosmic ray interactions that
produce muons laterally separated by up to 400 m from the shower core, a factor
of 6 larger distance than previous measurements. These muons originate in high
pT (> 2 GeV/c) interactions from the incident cosmic ray, or high-energy
secondary interactions. The separation distribution shows a transition to a
power law at large values, indicating the presence of a hard pT component that
can be described by perturbative quantum chromodynamics. However, the rates and
the zenith angle distributions of these events are not well reproduced with the
cosmic ray models tested here, even those that include charm interactions. This
discrepancy may be explained by a larger fraction of kaons and charmed
particles than is currently incorporated in the simulations
Radiation hardness qualification of PbWO4 scintillation crystals for the CMS Electromagnetic Calorimeter
This is the Pre-print version of the Article. The official published version can be accessed from the link below - Copyright @ 2010 IOPEnsuring the radiation hardness of PbWO4 crystals was one of the main priorities during the construction of the electromagnetic calorimeter of the CMS experiment at CERN. The production on an industrial scale of radiation hard crystals and their certification over a period of several years represented a difficult challenge both for CMS and for the crystal suppliers. The present article reviews the related scientific and technological problems encountered
Learner autonomy in developing countries
Learner autonomy may have special relevance now in developing countries, where a dissonance often exists between what formal education offers and what many learners want or need. Globalization and its technologies are providing new means of accessing knowledge, but school language lessons remain largely unchanged. Almost by default, successful language learners in developing country contexts are autonomous learners who can exploit out-of-school resources, while some of the most effective pedagogy involves promoting autonomy as a means of confronting low-resource challenges. This chapter argues for more research into both these phenomena, in order to increase understanding of them and to enable identification of principles for practice. It also emphasizes the need for such research to be conducted with and by local teachers and learners
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