Production and commercialization of flowers in the municipality of Texcoco, Estado de México

ABSTRACT Objective: To characterize the production and commercialization of flowers in the municipality of Texcoco, State of Mexico. Design/methodology/approach: Seventy-eight flower growers from 11 different localities were interviewed and asked about the general characteristics of their production unit and their level of innovation. Based on these variables, a typology of flower growers was constructed. Results: Four groups of flower growers were found, which are statistically differentiated (P<10) by their level of infrastructure, their level of innovation, the number of family members working in the production unit and the number of clients they have, in addition to the gender of the growers. Limitations on study/implications: The type of sampling used does not allow us to generalize the results found. In addition, due to the diversity of flowers produced in the area, it is difficult to homogenize the innovations used to measure their level of innovation, so what is presented here is an approach to it. Findings/conclusions: The production and commercialization of flowers in the municipality of Texcoco is carried out by traditional flower growers. The groups identified have mainly production-oriented infrastructure, so the highest level of innovation is in technological innovations, with commercial and organizational innovations as an area of opportunity. Keywords: cluster, local floriculture production, floriculture market, technological innovation.Objective: To characterize the production and commercialization of flowers in the municipality of Texcoco, Estado de México.Design/methodology/approach: A total of n=78 floriculturists from 11 different localities were interviewed and asked about general characteristics of the production unit, and for each person their level of innovation was also identified with the aim of constructing a typology of floriculturists.Results: Four groups of floriculturists were found, which were differentiated (P<0.10) by their level of infrastructure, innovation, number of family members that work in the production unit and number of clients which they have, in addition to gender.Limitations on study/implications: The type of sample used does not allow generalizing the results found. In addition, due to the diversity of flowers that are produced in the zone, it is difficult to homogenize the innovations and level of innovation, so an approach is presented.Findings/conclusions: The production and commercialization of flowers in the municipality of Texcoco is carried out by traditional floriculturists. The groups identified mainly have infrastructure directed toward production, so the highest levels of innovation are found in technology, with the opportunity area of commercial and organizational innovations

Stratification of radiosensitive brain metastases based on an actionable S100A9/RAGE resistance mechanism

© The Author(s) 2022. Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.Whole-brain radiotherapy (WBRT) is the treatment backbone for many patients with brain metastasis; however, its efficacy in preventing disease progression and the associated toxicity have questioned the clinical impact of this approach and emphasized the need for alternative treatments. Given the limited therapeutic options available for these patients and the poor understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying the resistance of metastatic lesions to WBRT, we sought to uncover actionable targets and biomarkers that could help to refine patient selection. Through an unbiased analysis of experimental in vivo models of brain metastasis resistant to WBRT, we identified activation of the S100A9-RAGE-NF-κB-JunB pathway in brain metastases as a potential mediator of resistance in this organ. Targeting this pathway genetically or pharmacologically was sufficient to revert the WBRT resistance and increase therapeutic benefits in vivo at lower doses of radiation. In patients with primary melanoma, lung or breast adenocarcinoma developing brain metastasis, endogenous S100A9 levels in brain lesions correlated with clinical response to WBRT and underscored the potential of S100A9 levels in the blood as a noninvasive biomarker. Collectively, we provide a molecular framework to personalize WBRT and improve its efficacy through combination with a radiosensitizer that balances therapeutic benefit and toxicity.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Identificación de módulos demostrativos en estrategias de gestión de la innovación

En México se considera al uso de módulos demostrativos como una estrategia de política para incrementar la cobertura en los servicios de extensión agrícola. La selección de estos módulos se basa principalmente en criterios normativos. El objetivo del trabajo fue analizar las coberturas obtenidas por los programas MasAgro y PROMAF. Para tal efecto se entrevistaron a 537 productores de maíz del estado de Chiapas. Un análisis de varianza (A de V) reveló que los módulos identificados con criterios de posición en la red (MasAgro) presentan mejores coberturas que aquellos que sólo consideran a productores con disposición a tener módulos demostrativos (PROMAF). Para la selección de productores y parcelas susceptibles de ser módulos demostrativos, se propone la inclusión de criterios "relacionales", entendidos como las que permiten la identificación y el uso de la posición individual de cada integrante de una red local, y en la estructura de la red en lo general. Estos resultados pueden orientar a la toma de decisiones de los responsables de programas, investigadores, asesores y diseñadores de políticas que consideren a los módulos demostrativos como parte de su estrategia o de su análisis

Los procesos de extensión rural en México

Rural extension is a process of work and accompaniment with the producer aimed to sustainable development of their skills. In Mexico, a series of extension models have been adapted, that goes from the US, implemented in the early 1980�s, to the hub model or innovation node (platform - demonstration module - extension area) applied since 2010 under the MasAgro Program. The aim of this paper is to analyze the various processes of extension in Mexico. Questioning whether in Mexico has been developed an integration scheme between the components of research, production and demonstration related to rural extension or simply has been offered a series of professional services in a disjointed manner. It is concluded that the extension in Mexico shows discontinuity in operation and focus on the search for productivity, and not improvement in the quality of life of the rural population neither in the sustainability of production systems. The main restriction was found in the use of demonstrative component in the extension processes.La extensión rural es un proceso de trabajo y acompañamiento con el productor orientado al desarrollo sostenible de sus capacidades. En México, se han adaptado una serie de modelos de extensión que van desde el norteamericano, implementado a principios de la década de 1980, hasta el modelo de hub o nodo de innovación (plataforma - módulo demostrativo - área de extensión), aplicado desde el 2010 en el marco del Programa MasAgro. El objetivo de este documento es analizar los diversos procesos de extensión en México. Se cuestiona si en México se ha desarrollado un esquema de integración entre los componentes de investigación, producción y demostración relacionada con la extensión rural, o simplemente se han ofertado una serie de servicios profesionales de manera desarticulada. Se concluye que el extensionismo en México muestra discontinuidad en su operación y un propósito centrado en la búsqueda de la productividad, y no en la mejora en la calidad de vida de la población rural ni en la sustentabilidad de los sistemas de producción. La principal restricción se encuentra en el uso del componente demostrativo en los procesos de extensión

Gestión de la interacción en procesos de innovación rural

Innovation, production and marketing of a product results from the interaction between a variety of actors. Thus, the Hub extension model of the governmental program MasAgro seeks to be a space in which maize farmers, extensionists, suppliers of inputs, government, teaching and research institutions, among others, interact with each other to generate individual and collective well-being through innovation. The objective of this work was to analyze the relational structures within the Hubs. To this effect, direct interviews were applied to 457 actors from 10 agroecological regions that make up the Hubs of the maize system in Mexico. The indicators of density, closeness, transitivity and diversity of relationships were measured in two moments of analysis: baseline and final line, through the methodology of analysis of social networks. A "t" test of related samples revealed that for the first three indicators there is a statistically significant difference between moments analyzed (p <0.05), which indicates that the interaction between the actors has been managed in the Hub, placing it as a space in which local structure has been generated and relational capital has been maintained, bases of social capital necessary for the development of innovation processes in the rural sector. These findings may serve program managers and policy makers as a complementary tool for evaluating intervention strategies in the sector.La innovación, producción y comercialización de un producto resulta de la interacción entre una diversidad de actores. Así, el modelo de extensión Hub del programa gubernamental MasAgro busca ser un espacio en el que agricultores, extensionistas, proveedores de insumos, instituciones gubernamentales y de enseñanza e investigación, entre otros, interactúen entre sí con el fin de generar bienestar individual y colectivo a través de la innovación. El objetivo de este trabajo fue analizar las estructuras relacionales dentro de los Hubs. Para tal efecto, se aplicaron entrevistas directas a 457 actores de 10 regiones agroecológicas que conforman los Hubs del sistema maíz en México. Se midieron los indicadores de densidad, cercanía, transitividad y diversidad de relaciones en dos momentos de análisis: línea base y línea final, mediante la metodología de análisis de redes sociales. Una prueba “t” de muestras relacionadas reveló que para los tres primeros indicadores existe diferencia estadística significativa entre momentos analizados (p<0,05), lo que indican que en el Hub se ha gestionado la interacción entre los actores, ubicándolo como un espacio en el que se ha generado estructura local y se ha mantenido el capital relacional, bases del capital social necesario para el desarrollo de procesos de innovación en el sector rural. Estos hallazgos pueden servir a responsables de programas y diseñadores de políticas como una herramienta complementaria de evaluación de estrategias de intervención en el sector

Interaction management in rural innovation processes

Innovation, production and marketing of a product results from the interaction between a variety of actors. Thus, the Hub extension model of the governmental program MasAgro seeks to be a space in which maize farmers, extensionists, suppliers of inputs, government, teaching and research institutions, among others, interact with each other to generate individual and collective well-being through innovation. The objective of this work was to analyze the relational structures within the Hubs. To this effect, direct interviews were applied to 457 actors from 10 agroecological regions that make up the Hubs of the maize system in Mexico. The indicators of density, closeness, transitivity and diversity of relationships were measured in two moments of analysis: baseline and final line, through the methodology of analysis of social networks. A "t" test of related samples revealed that for the first three indicators there is a statistically significant difference between moments analyzed (p <0.05), which indicates that the interaction between the actors has been managed in the Hub, placing it as a space in which local structure has been generated and relational capital has been maintained, bases of social capital necessary for the development of innovation processes in the rural sector. These findings may serve program managers and policy makers as a complementary tool for evaluating intervention strategies in the sector

Le antichita' d'Aquileja profane e sacre, per la maggior parte finora inedite, raccolte, disegnate, ed illustrate da Giandomenico Bertoli de' signori di Bribir, canonico d'Aquileja

In Venezia : presso Giambatista Albrizzi, 1739 Marca tip. calcogr. sul front. dis. dal Piazzetta Front. in rosso e nero Antip. incisa da Francesco Zucchi Finalini silogr. e calcogr Segn.: [a]-b4 c2 A-3H4 3I6 §-3§4 4§6 Var B.: [16], 444, [36] p., [1] c. di tav. : ill. ; segn.: [a]4(-a1) b4 c1 A-3H4 3I6 §-3§4 4§6 (la c. c1 contiene l'Errata)

High-pressure steam service for O.S.C. Engineering Laboratory

Graduation date: 195

La innovación en el sector rural de México: el papel del gestor sistémico

We analyzed the role of broker of three cases of innovation promotion in the rural sector. Their profile, their position in the network and the context in which they operate were considered. It was found that the greater the tendency to allow the participation of local or exogenous actors to the territory, their influence decreases and the relationships in the network increase. This tendency is influenced by the broker’s profile and the context in which they operate. Identifying these elements is relevant for the sustainability of initiatives that promote the creation of innovation networks.Se analizó el papel de los gestores sistémicos de tres casos de promoción de innovación en el sector rural. Se consideró su perfil, su posición en la red y el contexto en el que se desenvuelven. Se encontró que a mayor tendencia a permitir la participación de actores locales o exógenos al territorio, su influencia disminuye y las relaciones en la red se incrementan. Dicha tendencia se ve influenciada por el perfil del gestor y del contexto en el que se desenvuelven. Identificar estos elementos resulta pertinente para la sostenibilidad de iniciativas que promuevan la conformación de redes de innovación.

Goat milk production in Guanajuato, Mexico: Coordination mechanisms established in the agri-food chain

Objective: To characterize the goat producers according to the industrial destinations of the milk to analyze the coordination mechanisms established in the agri-food chain. Design/methodology/approach: A survey was applied to 122 randomly selected goat producers. Considering 2 industrial destinations, a comparison was made in social-economic, productive and commercial terms, by means of “T” tests of independent means. The data were complemented by interviews with owners of collection centers and entrepreneurs who processed the milk to analyze the coordination mechanisms, Results: The producers had small herds, a basic level of studies and used family labor; the lack of organization for the sale limited them to participate in the coordination of the agri-food chain. The companies that processed the milk coordinated it by organizing the collection, commercial agreements, setting prices and establishing quality rules; generally with informal arrangements. Limitations/implications: State intervention is necessary to regulate the relationships between actors of the agri-food chain. Findings/conclusions: The informality of coordination mechanisms favors agribusiness and turns them into forms of domination that ensure their profitability.Objective: To characterize the goat producers according to the industrial destinations of the milk, in order to analyze the coordination mechanisms established in the agri-food chain. Design/Methodology/Approach: A survey was applied to 122 randomly selected goat producers. Taking into account two industrial destinations, a socioeconomic, productive, and commercial comparison was carried out, through T-tests for independent means. In order to analyze the coordination mechanisms, the data were complemented interviewing owners of collection centers and businessmen who processed milk. Results: The producers had small herds and a basic level of education. They used family workforce. The lack of organization in the sale limited their participation in the agri-food chain coordination. Milk processing companies coordinate their efforts, organizing the collection, reaching trade agreements, setting prices, and establishing quality rules, usually through informal agreements. Limitations/Implications: State intervention is necessary to regulate relations between the actors of the agri-food chain. Findings/Conclusions: The informality of coordination mechanisms favors agribusiness and turns them into forms of domination that ensure their profitabilit