La jerarquización del potencial turístico de la provincia de Huambo, República de Angola

In this world strongly marked by the growing appreciation of local and regional specialties, communities must assume the tourism potential represented by the natural, cultural and environmental heritage, transforming it into a differentiated and profitable tourism product. Huambo is a province of many natural and cultural charms, so tourism can be an incentive for the development of many of its rural areas. This research work analyzes the appreciation of the tourist potential of the Huambo province and the effective and efficient use of tourist resources for its environmental, social and economic development, taking into account the hierarchical levels proposed by Tabares in its methodology. The objective of this work was to apply this tool to analyze the natural and cultural tourist attractions of the Huambo province. For this, the methodological procedures were based on bibliographic and field investigations with systematic observation in situ and without participation. The collected data was tabulated and analyzed according to the methodology adapted from the World Tourism Organization. Applied research procedures have been adopted, with the objective of a descriptive, qualitative and bibliographic approach and field research, seeking to collect information and analyze scenarios to describe and interpret them according to the realities of the province. In conclusion, it is necessary to take measures to improve the basic and tourist infrastructure of this province to attract tutistic flows.En este mundo fuertemente marcado por la creciente valorización de las especialidades locales y regionales, las comunidades deben asumir el potencial turístico que representa el patrimonio natural, cultural y ambiental, transformándolo en un producto turístico diferenciado y rentable. Huambo es una provincia de muchos encantos en el ámbito natural y cultural, por lo que el turismo puede ser un incentivo para el desarrollo de muchas de sus zonas rurales. Este trabajo de investigación analiza la valorización del potencial turístico de la provincia de Huambo y el uso eficaz y eficiente de los recursos turísticos para su desarrollo ambiental, social y económico, tomando en cuenta los niveles jerárquicos propuestos por Tabares en su metodología. El objetivo de este trabajo fue aplicar esta herramienta para analizar los atractivos turísticos naturales y culturales de la provincia de Huambo. Para ello, los procedimientos metodológicos se basaron en investigaciones bibliográficas y de campo con observación sistemática in situ y sin participación. Los datos recopilados se tabularon y analizaron de acuerdo con la metodología adaptada de la Organización Mundial del Turismo. Se han adoptado procedimientos de investigación aplicados, con el objetivo de un enfoque descriptivo, cualitativo y bibliográfico e investigación de campo, buscando recolectar información y analizar escenarios para describirlos e interpretarlos de acuerdo con las realidades de la provincia. En conclusión, es necesario tomar medidas para mejorar la infraestructura básica y turística de esta provincia para atraer flujos turísticos

Evaluation and establishment of a ward-based geriatric liaison service for older urological surgical patients: Proactive care of Older People undergoing Surgery (POPS)-Urology.

OBJECTIVE: To assess the impact of introducing and embedding a structured geriatric liaison service, Proactive care of Older People undergoing Surgery (POPS)-Urology, using comprehensive geriatric assessment methodology, on an inpatient urology ward. PATIENTS AND METHODS: A phased quality improvement project was undertaken using stepwise interventions. Phase 1 was a before-and-after study with initiation of a daily board round, weekly multidisciplinary meeting, and targeted geriatrician-led ward rounds for elective and emergency urology patients aged ≥65 years admitted over two 1-month periods. Outcomes were recorded from medical records and discharge documentation, including length of inpatient stay, medical and surgical complications, and 30-day readmission and mortality rates. Phase 2 was a quality improvement project involving Plan-Do-Study-Act cycles and qualitative staff surveys in order to create a Geriatric Surgical Checklist (GSCL) to standardize the intervention in Phase 1, improve equity of care by extending it to all ages, improve team-working and streamline handovers for multidisciplinary staff. RESULTS: Phase 1 included 112 patients in the control month and 130 in the intervention month. The length of inpatient stay was reduced by 19% (mean 4.9 vs 4.0 days; P = 0.01), total postoperative complications were lower (risk ratio 0.24 [95% confidence interval 0.10, 0.54]; P = 0.001). A non-significant trend was seen towards fewer cancellations of surgery (10 vs 5%; P = 0.12) and 30-day readmissions (8 vs 3%; P = 0.07). In Phase 2, the GSCL was created and incrementally improved. Questionnaires repeated at intervals showed that the GSCL helped staff to understand their role better in multidisciplinary meetings, improved their confidence to raise issues, reduced duplication of handovers and standardized identification of geriatric issues. Equity of care was improved by providing the intervention to patients of all ages, despite which the time taken for the daily board round did not lengthen. CONCLUSION: This is the first known paper describing the benefits of daily proactive geriatric intervention in elective and emergency urological surgery. The results suggest that using a multidisciplinary team board round helps to facilitate collaborative working between surgical and geriatric medicine teams. The GSCL enables systematic identification of patients who require a focused comprehensive geriatric assessment. There is potential to transfer the GSCL package to other surgical specialties and hospitals to improve postoperative outcomes

A Controller for Optimum Electrical Power Extraction from a Small Grid-Interconnected Wind Turbine

[EN] Currently, wind power is the fastest-growing means of electricity generation in the world. To obtain the maximum efficiency from the wind energy conversion system, it is important that the control strategy design is carried out in the best possible way. In fact, besides regulating the frequency and output voltage of the electrical signal, these strategies should also extract energy from wind power at the maximum level of efficiency. With advances in micro-controllers and electronic components, the design and implementation of efficient controllers are steadily improving. This paper presents a maximum power point tracking controller scheme for a small wind energy conversion system with a variable speed permanent magnet synchronous generator. With the controller, the system extracts optimum possible power from the wind speed reaching the wind turbine and feeds it to the grid at constant voltage and frequency based on the AC-DC-AC conversion system. A MATLAB/SimPowerSystems environment was used to carry out the simulations of the system. Simulation results were analyzed under variable wind speed and load conditions, exhibiting the performance of the proposed controller. It was observed that the controllers can extract maximum power and regulate the voltage and frequency under such variable conditions. Extensive results are included in the paper.This work was partially supported by the Spanish Ministry of Education, Culture and Sports-reference FPU16/04282.García-Sánchez, TM.; Mishra, AK.; Hurtado-Perez, E.; Puche-Panadero, R.; Fernández-Guillamón, A. (2020). A Controller for Optimum Electrical Power Extraction from a Small Grid-Interconnected Wind Turbine. Energies. 13(21):1-16. https://doi.org/10.3390/en13215809S1161321Fernández-Guillamón, A., Villena-Lapaz, J., Vigueras-Rodríguez, A., García-Sánchez, T., & Molina-García, Á. (2018). An Adaptive Frequency Strategy for Variable Speed Wind Turbines: Application to High Wind Integration Into Power Systems. Energies, 11(6), 1436. doi:10.3390/en11061436Fernández-Guillamón, A., Sarasúa, J. I., Chazarra, M., Vigueras-Rodríguez, A., Fernández-Muñoz, D., & Molina-García, Á. (2020). Frequency control analysis based on unit commitment schemes with high wind power integration: A Spanish isolated power system case study. International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems, 121, 106044. doi:10.1016/j.ijepes.2020.106044Huber, M., Dimkova, D., & Hamacher, T. (2014). Integration of wind and solar power in Europe: Assessment of flexibility requirements. Energy, 69, 236-246. doi:10.1016/j.energy.2014.02.109Fernández-Guillamón, A., Martínez-Lucas, G., Molina-García, Á., & Sarasua, J.-I. (2020). Hybrid Wind–PV Frequency Control Strategy under Variable Weather Conditions in Isolated Power Systems. Sustainability, 12(18), 7750. doi:10.3390/su12187750Fernández‐Guillamón, A., Vigueras‐Rodríguez, A., & Molina‐García, Á. (2019). Analysis of power system inertia estimation in high wind power plant integration scenarios. IET Renewable Power Generation, 13(15), 2807-2816. doi:10.1049/iet-rpg.2019.0220Fernández-Guillamón, A., Das, K., Cutululis, N. A., & Molina-García, Á. (2019). Offshore Wind Power Integration into Future Power Systems: Overview and Trends. Journal of Marine Science and Engineering, 7(11), 399. doi:10.3390/jmse7110399Muñoz-Benavente, I., Hansen, A. D., Gómez-Lázaro, E., García-Sánchez, T., Fernández-Guillamón, A., & Molina-García, Á. (2019). Impact of Combined Demand-Response and Wind Power Plant Participation in Frequency Control for Multi-Area Power Systems. Energies, 12(9), 1687. doi:10.3390/en12091687Gil-García, I. C., García-Cascales, M. S., Fernández-Guillamón, A., & Molina-García, A. (2019). 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Sustainability, 7(9), 12693-12708. doi:10.3390/su70912693Nazir, M. S., Wang, Y., Bilal, M., Sohail, H. M., Kadhem, A. A., Nazir, H. M. R., … Ma, Y. (2020). Comparison of Small-Scale Wind Energy Conversion Systems: Economic Indexes. Clean Technologies, 2(2), 144-155. doi:10.3390/cleantechnol2020010García-Sánchez, T., Muñoz-Benavente, I., Gómez-Lázaro, E., & Fernández-Guillamón, A. (2020). Modelling Types 1 and 2 Wind Turbines Based on IEC 61400-27-1: Transient Response under Voltage Dips. Energies, 13(16), 4078. doi:10.3390/en13164078Fernández-Guillamón, A., Martínez-Lucas, G., Molina-García, Á., & Sarasua, J. I. (2020). An Adaptive Control Scheme for Variable Speed Wind Turbines Providing Frequency Regulation in Isolated Power Systems with Thermal Generation. Energies, 13(13), 3369. doi:10.3390/en13133369Tiwari, R., Padmanaban, S., & Neelakandan, R. (2017). Coordinated Control Strategies for a Permanent Magnet Synchronous Generator Based Wind Energy Conversion System. Energies, 10(10), 1493. doi:10.3390/en10101493Sajadi, M., De Kooning, J. D. M., Vandevelde, L., & Crevecoeur, G. (2019). Harvesting wind gust energy with small and medium wind turbines using a bidirectional control strategy. The Journal of Engineering, 2019(17), 4261-4266. doi:10.1049/joe.2018.8182Chavero-Navarrete, E., Trejo-Perea, M., Jáuregui-Correa, J. C., Carrillo-Serrano, R. V., & Ríos-Moreno, J. G. (2019). Expert Control Systems for Maximum Power Point Tracking in a Wind Turbine with PMSG: State of the Art. Applied Sciences, 9(12), 2469. doi:10.3390/app9122469Orlando, N. A., Liserre, M., Mastromauro, R. A., & Dell’Aquila, A. (2013). A Survey of Control Issues in PMSG-Based Small Wind-Turbine Systems. IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics, 9(3), 1211-1221. doi:10.1109/tii.2013.2272888Daili, Y., Gaubert, J.-P., Rahmani, L., & Harrag, A. (2019). Quantitative Feedback Theory design of robust MPPT controller for Small Wind Energy Conversion Systems: Design, analysis and experimental study. Sustainable Energy Technologies and Assessments, 35, 308-320. doi:10.1016/j.seta.2019.08.002Zhang, X., Huang, C., Hao, S., Chen, F., & Zhai, J. (2016). An Improved Adaptive-Torque-Gain MPPT Control for Direct-Driven PMSG Wind Turbines Considering Wind Farm Turbulences. Energies, 9(11), 977. doi:10.3390/en9110977Shafiei, A., Dehkordi, B. M., Kiyoumarsi, A., & Farhangi, S. (2017). A Control Approach for a Small-Scale PMSG-Based WECS in the Whole Wind Speed Range. IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, 32(12), 9117-9130. doi:10.1109/tpel.2017.2655940Oliveira, T. D., Tofaneli, L. A., & Santos, A. Á. B. (2020). Combined effects of pitch angle, rotational speed and site wind distribution in small HAWT performance. Journal of the Brazilian Society of Mechanical Sciences and Engineering, 42(8). doi:10.1007/s40430-020-02501-4Battisti, L., Benini, E., Brighenti, A., Dell’Anna, S., & Raciti Castelli, M. (2018). Small wind turbine effectiveness in the urban environment. Renewable Energy, 129, 102-113. doi:10.1016/j.renene.2018.05.062Jeong, H. G., Seung, R. H., & Lee, K. B. (2012). An Improved Maximum Power Point Tracking Method for Wind Power Systems. Energies, 5(5), 1339-1354. doi:10.3390/en5051339Zhu, Y., Cheng, M., Hua, W., & Wang, W. (2012). A Novel Maximum Power Point Tracking Control for Permanent Magnet Direct Drive Wind Energy Conversion Systems. Energies, 5(5), 1398-1412. doi:10.3390/en5051398Chen, J.-H., & Hung, W. (2015). Blade Fault Diagnosis in Small Wind Power Systems Using MPPT with Optimized Control Parameters. Energies, 8(9), 9191-9210. doi:10.3390/en8099191Syahputra, R., & Soesanti, I. (2019). Performance Improvement for Small-Scale Wind Turbine System Based on Maximum Power Point Tracking Control. Energies, 12(20), 3938. doi:10.3390/en12203938Aubrée, R., Auger, F., Macé, M., & Loron, L. (2016). Design of an efficient small wind-energy conversion system with an adaptive sensorless MPPT strategy. Renewable Energy, 86, 280-291. doi:10.1016/j.renene.2015.07.091Lopez-Flores, D. R., Duran-Gomez, J. L., & Chacon-Murguia, M. I. (2020). A Mechanical Sensorless MPPT Algorithm for a Wind Energy Conversion System based on a Modular Multilayer Perceptron and a Processor-in-the-Loop Approach. Electric Power Systems Research, 186, 106409. doi:10.1016/j.epsr.2020.106409Urtasun, A., Sanchis, P., San Martín, I., López, J., & Marroyo, L. (2013). Modeling of small wind turbines based on PMSG with diode bridge for sensorless maximum power tracking. Renewable Energy, 55, 138-149. doi:10.1016/j.renene.2012.12.035Kot, R., Rolak, M., & Malinowski, M. (2013). Comparison of maximum peak power tracking algorithms for a small wind turbine. Mathematics and Computers in Simulation, 91, 29-40. doi:10.1016/j.matcom.2013.03.010Muhsen, H., Al-Kouz, W., & Khan, W. (2019). Small Wind Turbine Blade Design and Optimization. Symmetry, 12(1), 18. doi:10.3390/sym12010018Qi, Z., & Lin, E. (2012). Integrated power control for small wind power system. Journal of Power Sources, 217, 322-328. doi:10.1016/j.jpowsour.2012.06.039Doll, C. N. H., & Pachauri, S. (2010). Estimating rural populations without access to electricity in developing countries through night-time light satellite imagery. Energy Policy, 38(10), 5661-5670. doi:10.1016/j.enpol.2010.05.014Zhang, S., & Qi, J. (2011). Small wind power in China: Current status and future potentials. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 15(5), 2457-2460. doi:10.1016/j.rser.2011.02.009Rehman, S., & Sahin, A. Z. (2012). Wind power utilization for water pumping using small wind turbines in Saudi Arabia: A techno-economical review. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 16(7), 4470-4478. doi:10.1016/j.rser.2012.04.036Park, J. H., Chung, M. H., & Park, J. C. (2016). Development of a small wind power system with an integrated exhaust air duct in high-rise residential buildings. Energy and Buildings, 122, 202-210. doi:10.1016/j.enbuild.2016.04.037Simic, Z., Havelka, J. G., & Bozicevic Vrhovcak, M. (2013). Small wind turbines – A unique segment of the wind power market. Renewable Energy, 50, 1027-1036. doi:10.1016/j.renene.2012.08.038Parag, Y., & Sovacool, B. K. (2016). Electricity market design for the prosumer era. Nature Energy, 1(4). doi:10.1038/nenergy.2016.32Kortabarria, I., Andreu, J., Martínez de Alegría, I., Jiménez, J., Gárate, J. I., & Robles, E. (2014). A novel adaptative maximum power point tracking algorithm for small wind turbines. Renewable Energy, 63, 785-796. doi:10.1016/j.renene.2013.10.036Emejeamara, F. C., Tomlin, A. S., & Millward-Hopkins, J. T. (2015). Urban wind: Characterisation of useful gust and energy capture. Renewable Energy, 81, 162-172. doi:10.1016/j.renene.2015.03.028Britter, R. E., & Hanna, S. R. (2003). FLOW AND DISPERSION IN URBAN AREAS. Annual Review of Fluid Mechanics, 35(1), 469-496. doi:10.1146/annurev.fluid.35.101101.161147Askarov, A., Andreev, M., & Ruban, N. (2020). Impact assessment of full-converter wind turbine generators integration on transients in power systems. THERMOPHYSICAL BASIS OF ENERGY TECHNOLOGIES (TBET 2019). doi:10.1063/5.0000832Pillay, P., & Krishnan, R. (1988). Modeling of permanent magnet motor drives. IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, 35(4), 537-541. doi:10.1109/41.9176Shariatpanah, H., Fadaeinedjad, R., & Rashidinejad, M. (2013). A New Model for PMSG-Based Wind Turbine With Yaw Control. 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Herramientas gráficas para la comunicación integral del marketing y su influencia en el comportamiento del consumidor para la elaboración de publicidad grafica en la comercialización de productos y servicios en las organizaciones

El presente trabajo de investigación bibliográfico de seminario de graduación tiene como tema principal la publicidad gráfica y como subtema las herramientas gráficas para la comunicación integral del marketing y su influencia en el comportamiento del consumidor para la elaboración de publicidad digital en la comercialización de productos y servicios en las organizaciones. El objetivo general a cumplir es analizar las herramientas de publicidad gráficas que se utilizan para la comunicación integral del marketing y su influencia en el comportamiento del consumidor. Este trabajo es de carácter documental, por lo cual la información presentada en nuestro seminario de graduación fue extraída de libros, páginas web, revistas en líneas, y documentos varios en los cuales se encontraron diversos puntos de vistas relacionados al tema. Utilizando normas apa javeriano sexta edición, autorizadas por el departamento de administración de empresas. El documento está compuesto por introducción, objetivos, justificación, el desarrollo, las conclusiones y la bibliografía, lo que permitirá una mejor comprensión del tema. Se abordó como capítulo uno principios, teoría del diseño y su influencia en el comportamiento del consumidor, capitulo dos diseños de la publicidad impresa aplicando programas adobe photoshop, capitulo tres elaboración y edición de publicidad radial, y capitulo cuatro creación, producción y edición de publicidad televisaba a través del programa adobe premie

Sepsis recognition tools in acute ambulatory care::associations with process of care and clinical outcomes in a service evaluation of an Emergency Multidisciplinary Unit in Oxfordshire

To assess the performance of currently available sepsis recognition tools in patients referred to a community-based acute ambulatory care unit.Service evaluation of consecutive patients over a 4-month period.Community-based acute ambulatory care unit.Observations, blood results and outcome data were analysed from patients with a suspected infection. Clinical features at first assessment were used to populate sepsis recognition tools including: systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) criteria, National Early Warning Score (NEWS), quick Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (qSOFA) and National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) criteria. Scores were assessed against the clinical need for escalated care (use of intravenous antibiotics, fluids, ongoing ambulatory care or hospital treatment) and poor clinical outcome (all-cause mortality and readmission at 30 days after index assessment).Of 533 patients (median age 81 years), 316 had suspected infection with 120 patients requiring care escalated beyond simple community care. SIRS had the highest positive predictive value (50.9%, 95% CI 41.6% to 60.3%) and negative predictive value (68.9%, 95% CI 62.6% to 75.3%) for the need for escalated care. Both NEWS and SIRS were better at predicting the need for escalated care than qSOFA and NICE criteria in patients with suspected infection (all P<0.001). While new-onset confusion predicted the need for escalated care for infection in patients ≥85 years old (n=114), 23.7% of patients ≥85 years had new-onset confusion without evidence for infection.Acute ambulatory care clinicians should use caution in applying the new NICE endorsed criteria for determining the need for intravenous therapy and hospital-based location of care. NICE criteria have poorer performance when compared against NEWS and SIRS and new-onset confusion was prevalent in patients aged ≥85 years without infection

Antibody response against plasmid-encoded toxin (Pet) and the protein involved in intestinal colonization (Pic) in children with diarrhea produced by enteroaggregative Escherichia coli

Enteroaggregative Escherichia eoli (EAEC) is an emerging cause of pediatric and adult travellers diarrhea. the mechanism by which EAEC induce diarrhea is not completely known. Two serine protease autotransporter proteins, named Pet and Pic have been identified in EAEC strains. Pet has enterotoxic and cytotoxic activities, while the role of Pic in pathogenesis may lie on its mucinolytic activity. Little is known about Pet and Pic biological activities in vivo. in this study the antibody responses against these autotransporter proteins in convalescent children is investigated. Fifteen (83%) children showed specific antibodies against Pet or Pic in their sera. IgG and IgM antibodies were the main isotype found. Specific antibodies against Pic, but not against Pet, were detected in sera from age-matched control group. These data show that specific anti-Pet and anti-Pic antibodies are produced during the course of a natural EAEC infection in children. (C) 2004 Federation of European Microbiological Societies. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.Univ São Paulo, Dept Microbiol, Inst Ciencias Biomed, São Paulo, BrazilInst Butantan, Lab Especial Microbiol, São Paulo, BrazilUniversidade Federal de São Paulo, Dept Microbiol Imunol & Parasitol, São Paulo, BrazilUniv São Paulo, Fac Ciencias Farmaceut, Dept Anal Clin & Toxicol, BR-05508900 São Paulo, BrazilCINVESTAV, IPN, Dept Cell Biol, Mexico City 14000, DF, MexicoUniversidade Federal de São Paulo, Dept Microbiol Imunol & Parasitol, São Paulo, BrazilWeb of Scienc

Imaginário coletivo de idosos participantes da Rede de Proteção e Defesa da Pessoa Idosa

The conception of the Protection and Defense Network of the Older Person (RPDI) stands out as a space of collective struggle for the right of the older people, through systematic meetings between them and professionals from different institutions and by articulation for the implantation of public policy. This study, characterized as qualitative research and based on the psychoanalytic method, aimed at understanding the collective imaginary of the older adults, who attend meetings on aging organized by the RPDI. The RPDI participants were invited to a collective interview, in which the Drawing-Story with Theme Procedure was used as a resource for facilitating emotional communication. The analysis of these drawings and narratives made it possible to recognize two affective-emotional meaning fields, named “Old age as helplessness” and “Old age as personal responsibility”. The paths that led to the fields of meaning indicated heterogeneous dynamics in the collective imaginary about aging, and contradictions in aging have been identified. Despite the helplessness, continuous and persistent struggle, fatalities, and the denial of old age, there is also the strength that the experience of life gives them and the motivation they find in union with their pairs to face the challenges of life and fight for their rights.A concepção de Rede de Proteção e Defesa da Pessoa Idosa (RPDI) se destaca como espaço de luta coletiva pelo direito dos idosos, por meio de reuniões sistemáticas destes com profissionais de diferentes instituições e pela articulação para a implantação de políticas públicas. Este estudo, caracterizado como pesquisa qualitativa pautada no método psicanalítico, teve o objetivo de compreender o imaginário coletivo de idosos que participam de encontros organizados pela RPDI sobre o envelhecimento. Os participantes foram convidados para entrevista coletiva, na qual foi utilizado o procedimento de desenhos-estórias com tema como recurso facilitador da comunicação emocional. A análise dos desenhos e narrativas possibilitou reconhecer dois campos de sentido afetivo-emocional denominados “velhice como desamparo” e “velhice como responsabilidade pessoal”. Os caminhos que levaram aos campos de sentido apontaram dinâmicas heterogêneas no imaginário coletivo sobre o envelhecimento, além de contradições inerentes ao ser idoso. Apesar do desamparo, da luta contínua e persistente, das fatalidades e da negação da velhice, está também presente a força que a experiência de vida lhes dá e a motivação que encontram na união com seus pares para enfrentar os desafios da vida e lutar por seus direitos

Perfil clínico-epidemiológico da pneumonia grave adquirida na comunidade em mulheres grávidas

Introduction: pneumonia acquired in the community during pregnancy has not been characterized in the Hospital General Docente “Dr. Agostinho Neto”. Objective: to characterize this type of pneumonia in pregnant women admitted to the aforementioned hospital during 2015-2019. Method: a descriptive, retrospective and applied study was carried out. Indicators related to morbidity and mortality, biological and gestational age, origin, comorbidity, stay and status at the time discharge of the pregnant women were studied; as well as clinical-epidemiological variables related to pneumonia. Data were summarized using frequency analysis. Results: 67 pregnant women with this condition were admitted (9.1% and 0.24% with respect to the total number of maternal patients and the total number of patients admitted to the unit for all causes, respectively). They were mostly between 20 and 29 years of age (92.5%) and between 28 and 42 weeks of gestation (59.7%); 89.5% came from urban areas and 31.3% presented comorbidity. The typical clinical-radiological form was the most common (92.5%); the most common causative germ was Streptococcus pneumoniae (41.8%); 100% were treated with antiviral antimicrobial drugs, cephalosporins and macrolides; 73.1% evolved satisfactorily. One patient passed away. Conclusions: community-acquired pneumonia during pregnancy was characterized in patients from the Hospital General Docente “Dr. Agostinho Neto” in Guantánamo during the period 2015-2019, which makes it possible to recognize that this condition does not constitute a health problem, but it impacts on the maternal morbidity profile since it is the first cause of admission of pregnant women due to non-obstetric diseases.Introducción: la neumonía adquirida en la comunidad durante el embarazo no se ha caracterizado en el Hospital General Docente “Dr. Agostinho Neto”. Objetivo: caracterizar este tipo de neumonía en gestantes ingresadas en el citado hospital durante el 2015-2019. Método: se realizó un estudio descriptivo, aplicado, y retrospectivo. Se estudiaron indicadores relacionados con la morbilidad y mortalidad por esta enfermedad, edad biológica y gestacional, procedencia, comorbilidad, estadía, y estado al egreso de las gestantes; así como variables clínico- epidemiológicas relacionadas con la neumonía. Los datos se resumieron mediante análisis de frecuencias. Resultados: ingresaron 67 gestantes con esta afección (9,1 % y 0,24 % respecto al total de pacientes maternas y al total de pacientes ingresados en la unidad por todas las causas, respectivamente). Sobre todo, tenían entre 20 y 29 años de edad (92,5 %) y entre 28 y 42 semanas de gestación (59,7 %), procedieron de áreas urbanas (89,5 %) y presentaron comorbilidad (31,3 %). La forma clínica-radiológica típica fue la más común (92,5 %), el germen causal más usual fue el Streptococcus pneumoniae (41,8 %), el 100 % se trató con fármacos antimicrobianos antivirales, cefalosporinas y macrólidos, el 73,1 % evolucionó de modo satisfactorio. Falleció una paciente. Conclusiones: se caracterizó la neumonía adquirida en la comunidad durante el embarazo en pacientes del Hospital General Docente “Dr. Agostinho Neto” de Guantánamo durante el periodo 2015-2019, lo que posibilita reconocer que no significa un problema de salud, pero impacta en el perfil de morbilidad materna pues es la primera causa de ingreso de gestantes por enfermedades no obstétricas.Introdução: pneumonia adquirida na comunidade durante a gravidez não foi caracterizada no Hospital General Docente “Dr. Agostinho Neto”. Objetivo: caracterizar este tipo de pneumonia em gestantes internadas no referido hospital durante 2015-2019. Método: foi realizado um estudo descritivo, aplicado e retrospectivo. Foram estudados indicadores relacionados à morbimortalidade por essa doença, idade biológica e gestacional, procedência, comorbidade, permanência e estado de alta das grávidas; bem como variáveis clínico-epidemiológicas relacionadas à pneumonia. Os dados foram resumidos por análise de frequência.Resultados: foram internadas 67 grávidas com essa condição (9,1% e 0,24% do total de pacientes maternos e do total de pacientes internados na unidade por todas as causas, respectivamente). Acima de tudo, tinham entre 20 e 29 anos (92,5%) e entre 28 e 42 semanas de gestação (59,7%), eram procedentes da zona urbana (89,5%) e apresentavam comorbidade (31,3%). A forma clínico-radiológica típica foi a mais comum (92,5%), o germe causador mais comum foi Streptococcus pneumoniae (41,8%), 100% foram tratados com antimicrobianos antivirais, cefalosporinas e macrolídeos, 73,1% evoluíram de forma satisfatória. Um paciente faleceu. Conclusões: a pneumonia adquirida na comunidade durante a gravidez foi caracterizada em pacientes do Hospital General Docente “Dr. Agostinho Neto” de Guantánamo no período 2015-2019, o que permite reconhecer que não se trata de um problema de saúde, mas impacta no perfil de morbidade materna por ser a principal causa de internamento de grávidas por doenças não obstétricas

El desarrollo de la habilidad solucionar problemas de salud de carácter urgente en estudiantes de la carrera de Medicina

Introduction: the graduation of competent general practitioners demand from them the learning of skills to solve the most common urgent health issues from early stages of the undergraduate level.Objective: to design a system of teaching tasks aiming to the development of problem-solving skills in the medicine student regarding common urgent health problems in adult patients. Method: during the school year 2017-2018, a qualitative-focused cross-sectional study was undertaken in the intensive care service at the General Teaching Hospital ¨Dr. Agostinho Neto¨. In the research, theoretical, empirical and mathematical-statistical methods were used. A pre experiment was carried out, applying a system of teaching tasks aimed to the goals already set, in a group of 25 randomly-selected students. Results: self-evaluation of the students, and their performance in the exams showed an improvement in 64.0% of them, and the development of the skills required.Conclusions: from a theoretical point of view, is obvious that the resolution of urgent health problems is a keystone skill in the practitioners, due to the importance it has in their career. On that path, a system of tasks is developed in order to show the students how to improve on these skills, and the viability to make this tasks into the current teaching program is proved.Introducción: el egreso de un médico general competente demanda que desde el pregrado aprenda a solucionar los problemas de salud más prevalentes. Objetivo: diseñar un sistema de tareas docentes que contribuya a que el estudiante de Medicina desarrolle la habilidad de solucionar problemas de salud de carácter urgente presentes en el paciente adulto. Método: en el curso escolar 2017-2018, en el servicio de Medicina Intensiva del Hospital General Docente “Dr. Agostinho Neto” se realizó un estudio de corte transversal y con enfoque cualitativo. Se utilizaron métodos teóricos, empíricos y matemático-estadísticos. Se hizo un preexperimento en el que se aplicó un sistema de tareas docentes dirigido a satisfacer el objetivo que se declaró, en el que participaron 25 estudiantes seleccionados aleatoriamente. Resultados: la autoevaluación del estudiante y su examen de desempeño mostró que en el 64,0 % mejoró su preparación para este fin y logró el desarrollo de la habilidad. Conclusiones: se fundamentó desde el punto de vista teórico que la solución de estos problemas de salud de carácter urgente adquiere el carácter de habilidad profesional para el médico dada su implicación en el modo de actuación profesional. Se diseñó un sistema de tareas docentes que posibilitó esta aspiración y se demostró su viabilidad para su instrumentación en la práctica pedagógica