The Effect of Dialectical Behavior Therapy on Negative Automatic Thoughts, Suicidal Ideation and Life Expectancy in Female Students of Yasooj University of Medical Sciences

Background: Suicide has occurred in all cultures and eras is a disaster for the individual, family, and society. Dialectical behavior therapy is a practical treatment for major depressive disorder. The main aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of dialectical behavior therapy on negative automatic thoughts, suicidal ideation, and life expectancy in female students of Yasooj University of Medical Sciences. Methods: The research method is quasi-experimental and the statistical population of the study included female students of Yasooj University of Medical Sciences in the age range of 18 to 25 years. The sample size was 40 people who were selected by a convenience sampling method and were randomly divided into two groups of dialectical behavior therapy and control group. To collect data, Snyder Hope Scale, Negative Automatic Thought Scale, and Beck Suicidal ideation Questionnaire in pre-test and post-test stages were used. In the intervention phase, the experimental group underwent dialectical behavior therapy for ten sessions of 120 minutes while the control group did not receive any intervention during this period. Data analysis was performed using SPSS software. Results: The findings indicate that dialectical behavior therapy was effective in increasing life expectancy and reducing negative automatic thoughts (Pvalue=0.001) and was not significantly effective in reducing suicidal ideation. Conclusions: Considering the effectiveness of dialectical behavior therapy on reducing negative thoughts and increasing the level of hope, therefore dialectical behavior therapy training is recommended to increase knowledge and empower students against depression and its components. Keywords: Dialectical behavior therapy, Suicidal ideations, Negative automatic thoughts, Life expectanc

The Effect of Dialectical Behavior Therapy on Negative Automatic Thoughts, Suicidal Ideation and Life Expectancy in Female Students of Yasooj University of Medical Sciences

Background: Suicide has occurred in all cultures and eras is a disaster for the individual, family, and society. Dialectical behavior therapy is a practical treatment for major depressive disorder. The main aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of dialectical behavior therapy on negative automatic thoughts, suicidal ideation, and life expectancy in female students of Yasooj University of Medical Sciences. Methods: The research method is quasi-experimental and the statistical population of the study included female students of Yasooj University of Medical Sciences in the age range of 18 to 25 years. The sample size was 40 people who were selected by a convenience sampling method and were randomly divided into two groups of dialectical behavior therapy and control group. To collect data, Snyder Hope Scale, Negative Automatic Thought Scale, and Beck Suicidal ideation Questionnaire in pre-test and post-test stages were used. In the intervention phase, the experimental group underwent dialectical behavior therapy for ten sessions of 120 minutes while the control group did not receive any intervention during this period. Data analysis was performed using SPSS software. Results: The findings indicate that dialectical behavior therapy was effective in increasing life expectancy and reducing negative automatic thoughts (Pvalue=0.001) and was not significantly effective in reducing suicidal ideation. Conclusions: Considering the effectiveness of dialectical behavior therapy on reducing negative thoughts and increasing the level of hope, therefore dialectical behavior therapy training is recommended to increase knowledge and empower students against depression and its components. Keywords: Dialectical behavior therapy, Suicidal ideations, Negative automatic thoughts, Life expectanc

Fuzzy Logic Based Direct Power Control of Induction Motor Drive

This paper is the design of an induction motor drive system that can be controlled using direct power control. First the possibilities of direct power control (DPC) of induction motors (IMs) fed by a voltage source inverter have been studied. Principles of this method have been separately evaluated. Also the drive system is more versatile due to its small size and low cost. Therefore it is advantageous to use the system where the speed is estimated by means of a control algorithm instead of measuring. This paper proposed one novel induction motor speed control system with fuzzy logic. The estimator was designed and simulated in Matlab/Simulink. Simulation result shows a good performance of speed estimator

THE SMARANDACHE VERTICES OF THE COMAXIMAL GRAPH OF A COMMUTATIVE RING

The concept of a Smarandache vertex (or S-vertex for short) in a (simple) graph (Definition 2.5) was first introduced by the second author [8] in order to study the Smarandache zero-divisors of a commutative ring which was introduced by Vasantha Kandasamy in [10] for semigroups and rings (not necessarily commutative)

Ecological sustainability in rangelands : the contribution of dung beetles in secondary seed dispersal (case study: Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari province, Iran)

Ecological sustainability has been recognized as one of the main aspects of sustainable development of rangelands, at which different kinds of animal including insects, make substantial contributions. Dung beetles, known as dung-visiting insects, play several key roles in many ecological functions from which benefit both terrestrial ecosystems and human population. Specifically, they benefit rangelands through reducing greenhouse gas emission, nutrient cycling, plant growth enhancement, trophic regulation and pollination and secondary seed dispersal. This study examined secondary seed dispersal as one of the ecological functions of dung beetles, in Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari province, Iran. We applied an experimental approach to measure ecological function (i.e. seed removal) by functional groups of dung beetles. We tested whether functional dung beetle groups influence secondary seed dispersal differently. Through repeated standardized samples of sheep dung, data obtained regularly during two different months August and November in 2013. The results show that dung beetles play a role in secondary seed dispersal. However, it is affected by seed size, so that seed removal increased in the order of, large, medium and small size, respectively. The significant differences between treatments were found for small seeds in the both months. More seeds were dispersed from treatment t02 (all combinations of functional groups except large rollers) in August, while in November more seeds from treatments t01 (dwellers plus large and small tunnelers plus large and small rollers) and t03 (the combinations of dwellers plus small tunnelers, and small rollers) were removed. As a conclusion, it is suggested that if it is to guarantee the ecological sustainability of rangelands, paying attention to the ecological functions of dung beetles is crucial

Service quality monitoring in confined spaces through mining Twitter data

Promoting public transport depends on adapting effective tools for concurrent monitoring of perceived service quality. Social media feeds, in general, provide an opportunity to ubiquitously look for service quality events, but when applied to confined geographic area such as a transport node, the sparsity of concurrent social media data leads to two major challenges. Both the limited number of social media messages--leading to biased machine-learning--and the capturing of bursty events in the study period considerably reduce the effectiveness of general event detection methods. In contrast to previous work and to face these challenges, this paper presents a hybrid solution based on a novel fine-tuned BERT language model and aspect-based sentiment analysis. BERT enables extracting aspects from a limited context, where traditional methods such as topic modeling and word embedding fail. Moreover, leveraging aspect-based sentiment analysis improves the sensitivity of event detection. Finally, the efficacy of event detection is further improved by proposing a statistical approach to combine frequency-based and sentiment-based solutions. Experiments on a real-world case study demonstrate that the proposed solution improves the effectiveness of event detection compared to state-of-the-art approaches

Effect of process parameters on quality properties and drying time of hawthorn in a vibro-fluidized bed dryer

The drying kinetics of hawthorn in a pilot-scale experimental fluidized bed dryer with and without vibration was investigated. The effect of operating parameters, such as vibration intensity, drying air flow rate, and temperature, on the drying rate and shrinkage of hawthorn was studied. The hawthorn fruit was dried at various drying air temperatures ranging from 40-70oC and drying air volume flow rates ranging from 22-30 m3/h with the vibration intensity ranging from 6.8 to 8.2 Hz. The entire drying process occurred in the falling rate period and no constant rate period was observed in the drying of hawthorn. Four mathematical drying models investigating the drying behavior of hawthorn were evaluated and then the experimental moisture data were fitted in these models. The quality of the models fitting was assessed using the coefficient of determination, chi-square and root mean square error. The logarithmic and Page models for drying rate and the Ratti and Vazquez models for shrinkage were found to be the most suitable for describing the drying and shrinkage curves of hawthorn. The results showed that the vibration intensity, drying air temperature and flow rate has no significant effect on the shrinkage of hawthorn. All mentioned parameters had a significant effect on the drying rate of hawthorn, but the effect of drying air temperature was considerably more compared to the other parameters. It was observed that shrinkage varies linearly with respect to moisture content, and the reduction in radial dimension of hawthorn samples was around 40% at the end of the drying process

Role of Microglia and Astrocyte in Central Pain Syndrome Following Electrolytic Lesion at the Spinothalamic Tract in Rats

Central pain syndrome (CPS) is a debilitating state and one of the consequences of spinal cord injury in patients. Many pathophysiological aspects of CPS are not well documented. Spinal glia activation has been identified as a key factor in the sensory component of chronic pain. In this study, the role of glial subtypes in the process of CPS induced by unilateral electrolytic lesion of spinothalamic tract (STT) is investigated. Male rats received a laminectomy at T8–T9 and then unilateral electrolytic lesion centered on the STT. Thermal and mechanical thresholds as well as locomotor function were measured on days 0, 3, 7, 14, 21, and 28 post-injuries by tail flick, von Frey filament, and open field tests, respectively. To investigate the spinal glial activation following denervation in STT-lesioned groups, Iba1 and GFAP were detected by immunohistochemistry and Western blotting at the same time points. Data showed that STT lesion significantly decreased thermal pain at day 3 in comparison with sham groups. Significant bilateral allodynia appeared in hind paws at day 14 after spinal cord injury and continued to day 28 (P<0.05). Additionally, electrolytic spinal lesion attenuated locomotor function of injured animals after 7 days (P<0.05). In both histological assessments and Western blotting, Iba1 increased at days 3 and 7 while increased GFAP occurred from day 14 to 28 after lesion. It appears that microglial activation is important in the early stages of pain development and astrocytic activation occurs later. These events may lead to behavioral outcomes especially central neuropathic pain

Standardized patients versus simulated patients in medical education: are they the same or different

In order to equip medical students with all the necessary skills in dealing with patients to provide optimal treatment, the need for the use of real patients in educational settings has become prominent. But all the required skills cannot be practiced on real patients due to patients’ safety and well-being. Thus, the use of standardized patients (SPs) or simulated patients (SiPs) as a substitute for real patients signifies their importance in simulationbased medical education. One question raised in regard to using SPs or SiPs in order to enhance medical students’ tangible and intangible skills in a safe controlled environment is whether these two terminologies are the same or different? Various studies use these terms interchangeably and do not consider a difference between them. Based on our literature review, there seems to be differences between these two modalities. We also try to highlight the advantages of these modalities in clinical encounters

Estradiol attenuates spinal cord injury-induced pain by suppressing microglial activation in thalamic VPL nuclei of rats.

In our previous study we showed that central pain syndrome (CPS) induced by electrolytic injury caused in the unilateral spinothalamic tract (STT) is a concomitant of glial alteration at the site of injury. Here, we investigated the activity of glial cells in thalamic ventral posterolateral nuclei (VPL) and their contribution to CPS. We also examined whether post-injury administration of a pharmacological dose of estradiol can attenuate CPS and associated molecular changes. Based on the results,in the ipsilateral VPL the microglial phenotype switched o hyperactive mode and Iba1 expression was increased significantly on days 21 and 28 post-injury. The same feature was observed in contralateral VPL on day 28 (P<.05). These changes were strongly correlated with the onset of CPS (r(2)=0.670). STT injury did not induce significant astroglial response in both ipsilateral and contralateral VPL. Estradiol attenuated bilateral mechanical hypersensitivity 14 days after STT lesion (P<.05). Estradiol also suppressed microglial activation in the VPL. Taken together, these findings indicate that selective STT lesion induces bilateral microglia activation in VPL which might contribute to mechanical hypersensitivity. Furthermore, a pharmacological dose of estradiol reduces central pain possibly via suppression of glial activity in VPL region