Foreword

Immigration is the root of America\u27s national existence. The immigration process has fueled the growth of this country as well as shaped its character. Even the most cursory review of this country\u27s history reminds us of the vital role played by immigrants in the development of the United States

An Evaluation of Education Programs for Pregnant Teens in Three Selected Urban Virginia Communities

As adolescent pregnancy becomes more prevalent and funds for social programs diminish, the need to define the parameters of successful educational programs for pregnant teens becomes clear. This dissertation evaluated four programs to determine the effect of centralization of instruction and the length of time a student spent in her program on self-concept, vocational awareness, academic achievement, attendance and return to regularly assigned school. The researcher administered the Piers-Harris Self-Concept Scale and the Holland Self-Directed Search to 125 female students. Data were also gathered from school records on the remaining variables. Qualitative data were gathered to supplement quantitative data. Interviews were conducted with program personnel and administrators, and with randomly selected students and their families. Based on the quantitative data, a homogeneous group of teenagers emerged. Student-mothers had mothers who themselves had children young and without the ongoing support of their male partners. Many students had older family members in the same situation. The qualitative data permitted a weak conclusion that the centralized program linked to other community agencies offered a superior program of continuing education to pregnant teens. The program occupied a single-story facility unshared with any unrelated activity. Federal breakfast and lunch programs were available. Business and homemaking classes were held at the school rather than at a distant site. Infant day care was available at the school. A serendipitous finding concerned the correlation between one factor score and the total self-concept. For this sample of pregnant teens, a high positive correlation (r = .8068) was found between the 12-item anxiety factor and the total self-concept. Further research is in progress to determine if this correlation holds true for both sexes and all ages. If so, school personnel would have a brief, easily-administered indicator of possible self-concept deficits

ACESSO ELITIZADO AO SISTEMA INTERAMERICANO DE DIREITOS HUMANOS: Sobre a Ínfima Atuação Brasileira Acerca das Violações Cotidianas na “Justiça” Juvenil

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Das violações na justiça juvenil à perspectiva de proteção : sobre o impacto das decisões e recomendações do Sistema Interamericano de Direitos Humanos no Estado Brasileiro

A presente pesquisa tem como objetivo analisar o impacto das decisões, sanções e recomendações do Sistema Interamericano de Direitos Humanos (SIDH) acerca das violações de direitos humanos que são corriqueiras nas unidades socioeducativas brasileiras. Preocupase em identificar a efetividade política, jurídica e legislativa da implementação de tais decisões no território brasileiro, bem como compreender a ínfima atuação do Estado brasileiro no sistema regional de direitos humanos, em comparação aos demais países latinoamericanos. Para tanto, elabora-se uma revisão bibliográfica do panorama internacional normativo do direito juvenil, seguido de uma pesquisa detalhada sobre os casos em que o Brasil esteve envolvido no SIDH com essa temática. Identificam-se as constantes situações de tortura, maus tratos e mortes de adolescentes privados de liberdade e seus desdobramentos, no intuito de verificar quais as perspectivas de proteção que o SIDH teria a oferecer para a preservação dos direitos humanos das crianças e dos adolescentes privados de liberdade.This research aims to analyze the impact of the decisions, sanctions and recommendations of the Inter-American Human Rights System, about the human rights violations that are commonplace in Brazilian socio-educational units. It is concerned also to identify the political, legal and legislative effectiveness of the implementation of those decisions in Brazilian territory, as well as to understand the small Brazilian State performance in this regional human rights system, in comparison with other Latin American countries. Firstly, a bibliographical review of the international normative panorama of juvenile law was elaborated, followed by a detailed investigation about the cases in which Brazil was involved in the Interamerican System about this issue. The ongoing situations of torture, ill-treatment and death of adolescents confined and their consequences are identified, in order to verify the prospects of protection that the Interamerican System could offer for the preservation of the human rights of children and adolescents deprived of their freedom

Endozoochory by native and exotic herbivores in dry areas: consequences for germination and survival of Prosopis seeds

Mammalian herbivores can play a role in the endozoochorous dispersal of Prosopis seeds in the arid zones of Argentina, and the introduction of exotic mammals can change relevant parameters of the plant's reproductive ecology. Our specific goals were to quantify the seeds of Prosopis flexuosa, P. chilensis and P. torquata contained in the faeces of native [mara (Dolichotis patagonum), guanaco (Lama guanicoe)] and exotic [donkey (Equus asinus) and hare (Lepus europaeus)] mammals, and to determine the mortality, germination percentage and germination speed of seeds borne in faeces, compared with those collected from trees. In 2006, seeds were collected directly from trees or removed from mammal faeces. Seeds were counted and classified as apparently healthy or damaged. P. torquata and P. flexuosa seeds were found in the dung of guanaco, hare and mara, whereas only P. flexuosa seeds appeared in donkey faeces. P. chilensis seeds were only found in guanaco faeces. There was a notable relative abundance of seeds contained in small herbivore faeces in comparison to the large herbivores. The passage through the digestive tract of animals modified seed germination capacity and speed, with great variability between animal species. Guanacos had greater effects than donkeys on mortality, germination percentage and germination speed. Differences between the effects of both smaller-sized herbivores on seeds were much smaller.Fil: Campos, Claudia Monica. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mendoza. Instituto Argentino de Investigaciones de las Zonas Áridas. Provincia de Mendoza. Instituto Argentino de Investigaciones de las Zonas Áridas. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Instituto Argentino de Investigaciones de las Zonas Áridas; ArgentinaFil: Peco, Begoña. Universidad Autónoma de Madrid; EspañaFil: Campos Valeria. Universidad Nacional de San Juan; ArgentinaFil: Malo Arrázola, Juan Esteban. Universidad Autónoma de Madrid; EspañaFil: Giannoni, Stella Maris. Universidad Nacional de San Juan; ArgentinaFil: Suarez Francisco. Universidad Autónoma de Madrid; Españ

Das violações na justiça juvenil à perspectiva de proteção : sobre o impacto das decisões e recomendações do Sistema Interamericano de Direitos Humanos no Estado Brasileiro

A presente pesquisa tem como objetivo analisar o impacto das decisões, sanções e recomendações do Sistema Interamericano de Direitos Humanos (SIDH) acerca das violações de direitos humanos que são corriqueiras nas unidades socioeducativas brasileiras. Preocupase em identificar a efetividade política, jurídica e legislativa da implementação de tais decisões no território brasileiro, bem como compreender a ínfima atuação do Estado brasileiro no sistema regional de direitos humanos, em comparação aos demais países latinoamericanos. Para tanto, elabora-se uma revisão bibliográfica do panorama internacional normativo do direito juvenil, seguido de uma pesquisa detalhada sobre os casos em que o Brasil esteve envolvido no SIDH com essa temática. Identificam-se as constantes situações de tortura, maus tratos e mortes de adolescentes privados de liberdade e seus desdobramentos, no intuito de verificar quais as perspectivas de proteção que o SIDH teria a oferecer para a preservação dos direitos humanos das crianças e dos adolescentes privados de liberdade.This research aims to analyze the impact of the decisions, sanctions and recommendations of the Inter-American Human Rights System, about the human rights violations that are commonplace in Brazilian socio-educational units. It is concerned also to identify the political, legal and legislative effectiveness of the implementation of those decisions in Brazilian territory, as well as to understand the small Brazilian State performance in this regional human rights system, in comparison with other Latin American countries. Firstly, a bibliographical review of the international normative panorama of juvenile law was elaborated, followed by a detailed investigation about the cases in which Brazil was involved in the Interamerican System about this issue. The ongoing situations of torture, ill-treatment and death of adolescents confined and their consequences are identified, in order to verify the prospects of protection that the Interamerican System could offer for the preservation of the human rights of children and adolescents deprived of their freedom

From Enemy to Friend: Jewish Reflections on Everyday Peacemaking

Why does conflict arise among individuals and among religious, political, and ethnic groups? What contributes to the resolution of conflict in the world and in our lives? How can each of us serve the cause of peace? Rabbi Amy Eilberg explores these questions through the lens of Judaism’s rich body of sacred texts on peace and peacemaking

"O que lhes oferece a voz do sistema?" : reflexos do sistema interamericano de direitos humanos na prote??o dos adolescentes privados de liberdade nos estados-parte do Mercosul

Submitted by PPG Ci?ncias Criminais ([email protected]) on 2019-04-09T20:50:43Z No. of bitstreams: 1 DANIELA DORA - Disserta??o - O que lhes oferece a voz do sistema.pdf: 2953099 bytes, checksum: 76fe32eb5df343c9fa61e36afd8fb718 (MD5)Approved for entry into archive by Sheila Dias ([email protected]) on 2019-04-29T11:44:50Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 DANIELA DORA - Disserta??o - O que lhes oferece a voz do sistema.pdf: 2953099 bytes, checksum: 76fe32eb5df343c9fa61e36afd8fb718 (MD5)Made available in DSpace on 2019-04-29T11:52:15Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 DANIELA DORA - Disserta??o - O que lhes oferece a voz do sistema.pdf: 2953099 bytes, checksum: 76fe32eb5df343c9fa61e36afd8fb718 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-11-14Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior - CAPESThis research seeks to define whether the Inter-American Human Rights System is a mechanism capable of promoting the protection of adolescents deprived of their liberty in the Mercosur member states. In this perspective, it pursues to understand: i) how does the decisions and recommendations of the Commission and the Inter-American Court on juvenile justice are internalized by the countries of the region; and (ii) how does fit the dynamic between the international normative scene - specifically, the American Convention on Human Rights and the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child - and the specific laws of Brazil's, Argentina, Uruguay, Paraguay and Venezuela juvenile systems. In this sense, the methodology used was bibliographic research for the theoretical construction addressed throughout the research. In the first chapter, a comparative study of the domestic legal systems of the Mercosur countries was carried out, referring to the Constitutions, Criminal Procedure Codes, Specialized Childhood and Legislation Laws and Criminal Laws. Comparative indicators have been drawn from the United Nations Convention and understood as minimum international standards for juvenile systems. The second chapter tried to conceptualize the control of conventionality as a tool to effectivate the internalization of the human rights in the countries and to verify the status conferred by the Constitutions to the international human rights treaties. So, it was done a documentary research of the Inter-American Court jurisprudence. Then, a qualitative and qualitative research was carried out on the cases of death and torture of adolescents deprived of liberty, which resulted in a case study, whose sample had the cut from 1995 to 2017 and the Mercosur region. Lastly, for the critical construction of the third chapter, semi-structured interviews were conducted with judges and lawyers of the Inter-American Court, teachers and human rights defenders specialized in childhood and youth.O presente trabalho busca definir se o Sistema Interamericano de Direitos Humanos ? um mecanismo capaz de promover a prote??o dos adolescentes privados de liberdade nos Estados-parte do Mercosul. Nessa perspectiva, perquire compreender: i) de que maneira as decis?es e recomenda??es da Comiss?o e da Corte Interamericana, em mat?ria de justi?a juvenil, s?o internalizadas pelos pa?ses da regi?o; e ii) de que modo se d? a din?mica tra?ada entre o panorama normativo internacional ? em espec?fico, a Conven??o Americana de Direitos Humanos e a Conven??o sobre Direitos da Crian?a das Na??es Unidas ? e as leis espec?ficas dos regimes de responsabilidade penal juvenil do Brasil, da Argentina, do Uruguai, do Paraguai e da Venezuela. Para tanto, adotaram alguns caminhos metodol?gicos. Em primeiro lugar, realizou-se a pesquisa bibliogr?fica, a fim de realizar a constru??o te?rica abordada ao longo de todo o trabalho. No primeiro cap?tulo, foi elaborada uma pesquisa comparativa dos ordenamentos jur?dicos dom?sticos dos pa?ses do Mercosul, consultando-se as Constitui??es, os C?digos de Processo Penal, as Legisla??es especializadas na inf?ncia e juventude e as Leis de Execu??o Penal. Nesse sentido, os indicadores comparativos aderidos foram extra?dos da Conven??o das Na??es Unidas e compreendidos como standards internacionais m?nimos para os sistemas de responsabilidade penal juvenil. Em seguida, no segundo cap?tulo, al?m da pesquisa comparativa para verificar o status conferido pelas Constitui??es aos tratados internacionais de direitos humanos, buscou-se conceituar o controle de convencionalidade como uma ferramenta para efetivar a internaliza??o dos direitos humanos nos pa?ses, a partir de uma pesquisa documental da jurisprud?ncia da Corte Interamericana. Ainda, foi realizada uma pesquisa quantitativa e qualitativa sobre os casos de morte e tortura de adolescentes privados de liberdade, cuja amostra teve o recorte da regi?o do Mercosul, no per?odo de 1995 a 2017, que resultou em um estudo de casos. Por fim, no intuito de colaborar com a constru??o cr?tica do terceiro cap?tulo, foram realizadas entrevistas semiestruturadas, de car?ter opinativo, com ju?zes e advogados da Corte Interamericana, bem como com professores e defensores de direitos humanos especializados em inf?ncia e juventude

O direito fundamental ? educa??o e as rela??es de consumo

Made available in DSpace on 2015-04-14T14:33:33Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 422819.pdf: 81002 bytes, checksum: 8800be9dd8cf697fced9e2757bc5dc02 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-03-31O presente trabalho, que se insere na linha de pesquisa Efic?cia e Efetividade da Constitui??o e dos Direitos Fundamentais no Direito P?blico e no Direito Privado, vinculada ao Programa de P?s-Gradua??o em Direito (Mestrado e Doutorado) da Pontif?cia Universidade Cat?lica do Rio Grande do Sul - PUCRS tem por objetivo analisar a educa??o como um direito fundamental social considerado parte do m?nimo existencial e seus nexos com as rela??es de consumo. Nessa pesquisa, a ?nfase ? dada na educa??o privada, que vive dois paradoxos. O primeiro ? o de que, como prestadora de servi?o, adota pr?ticas mercantis, subordinada ?s regras concorrenciais do mercado; no entanto, ? obrigada a cumprir os tr?s eixos da Educa??o previstos no art. 205 da Constitui??o Federal Brasileira, quais sejam, a educa??o como fator de desenvolvimento humano, exerc?cio da cidadania e qualifica??o para o trabalho. O segundo paradoxo ? que a rela??o contratual entre o aluno ou seu representante legal e o estabelecimento de ensino ? regida pelo C?digo de Defesa do Consumidor, propiciando, aparentemente, uma quebra da hierarquia tradicionalmente observada entre professor e aluno. O trabalho visa, em primeiro lugar, a desvelar as corretas diretrizes a serem observadas nessas rela??es da escola com o mercado e com o seu consumidor. Em segundo lugar, em outro vi?s, a pesquisa volta-se para a educa??o do consumidor como contribui??o para o desenvolvimento sustent?vel e para a responsabilidade social da empresa